BS 1384-1-1985 ISO 5-1-1984.pdf
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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1384-1: 1985 ISO 5-1:1984 Photographic density measurements Part 1: Guide for terms, symbols and notations ISO title: Photography Density measurements Part 1: Terms, symbols and notations UDC 771.534.531 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:18 GMT+00:00 20
2、06, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1384-1:1985 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Cinematography and Photography Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 28 June 1985 BSI 10-1999 First published August 1947
3、 First part revision as BS 1384-1 June 1985 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CPM/10 Draft for comment 79/62847 DC ISBN 0 580 14334 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Cin
4、ematography and Photography Standards Committee (CPM/-) to Technical Committee CPM/10 on which the following bodies were represented: British Institute of Non-destructive Testing British Kinematograph, Sound and Television Society British Photographic Association College of Radiographers Institute o
5、f Physics Ministry of Defence Photogrammetric Society Royal Photographic Society Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1384-1:1985 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page Comm
6、ittees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii 0Introduction1 1Scope and field of application1 2References2 3Definition of fluxes2 4Symbols3 5Measures of flux modulation3 6Coordinate system4 7Functional notation6 Bibliography9 Figure 1 Coordinate system for describing the geometric factors
7、 affecting transmission and reflection measures4 Figure 2 Coordinate system and angular conventions for describing distributions in terms of cones5 Figure 3 Schematic representation of influx geometry G, total propagated flux 9 and efflux geometry g (shown for the transmission case)6 Table 1 Measure
8、s of flux modulation3 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1384-1:1985 ii BSI 10-1999 National foreword This British Standard is one of a series of Parts which together constitute a rev
9、ision of BS 1384, first published in 1947 and confirmed in 1962, and has been prepared under the direction of the Cinematography and Photography Standards Committee. This Part is identical with the English-language portion of ISO 5-1:1984 “Photography Density measurements Part 1: Terms, symbols and
10、notations” published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). BS 1384:1947 defines terms and symbols and provides a method for measuring photographic transmission density only. The complete revision of this standard in four Parts will in addition cover reflection density. Termino
11、logy and conventions. The English text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as a British Standard without deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in British Standards; attention is drawn especially to the following.
12、 Wherever the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as “British Standard”. ISO 5-2 and the identical corresponding Part of BS 1384 are in course of preparation. CIE Publications No. 17 and No. 38, referred to in the text, are published by the Internat
13、ional Commission on illumination (Commission Internationale de lEclairage). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confe
14、r immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references International StandardsCorresponding British Standards BS 1384 Photographic density measurements ISO 5-3:1984Part 3:1985 Specification for spectral conditions (Identical) ISO 5-4:1983Part 4:1985 Specification for geometric conditions for reflection
15、 density Identical) ISO 31-6:1980BS 5775 Specification for quantities, units and symbols Part 6:1982 Light and related electromagnetic radiations (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back
16、cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1384-1:1985 BSI
17、10-19991 0 Introduction The measurement of the transmission and reflection characteristics of objects and photographs is essential to the science of photography and optics. When light or other radiant energy strikes an object, it is either absorbed or propagated. Propagation may involve reflection,
18、transmission, refraction, diffraction, scattering, fluorescence, and polarization. The propagated light is distributed in various directions about the object. In most practical applications it is neither necessary nor desirable to consider the light distributed in every direction; but only that whic
19、h leaves the object in the direction for which there is response by a receiver, such as the eye. The object modulates the flow of radiant energy from the source to the receiver. The time rate of flow of radiant energy is called radiant flux, or simply flux. This International Standard provides metho
20、ds of describing the measurements of the flux modulation in any system. To specify such a system accurately, geometric characteristics of the system, the spectral distribution of the flux incident on the specimen to be measured, and the spectral sensitivity of the receiver must be given. If the refl
21、ection characteristics of the source or the receiver affect the measurement, as they do in transmission measurements by the opal glass method, they must be specified. The specimen area under consideration is defined by a sampling aperture, the dimensions of which may be important in some application
22、s and must be specified if the sample has appreciable non-uniformity. If the measurement is to quantify the way the specimen would modulate flux in a given practical application, such as viewing or contact printing, the geometric and spectral conditions of measurement must simulate those conditions
23、in the practical application. In most practical cases, the flux of interest is propagated by transmission or reflection, but at times some combination of these or other modes of propagation may be involved. In this case, the process is referred to by the general term “propagation”. Modulation is mea
24、sured and expressed as a dimensionless modulation factor which is equal to a ratio of fluxes; that is, the flux propagated in the directions and that part of the spectrum of interest divided by some reference flux. The reference flux may be the incident flux, the flux propagated through the system w
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