《BS 148-1998.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《BS 148-1998.pdf(14页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 148 : 1998 ICS 29.035.
2、40 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Specification for Unused and reclaimed mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear BS 148 : 1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published u
3、nder the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 July 1998 BSI 1998 First published April 1923 First revision May 1927 Second revision April 1933 Third revision January 1951 Fourth revision April 1959 Fifth revision December 1972 Sixth revision September 1984 Seventh revision Oc
4、tober 1997 Eighth revision July 1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference GEL/10 Draft for comment 96/213062 DC ISBN 0 580 29568 0 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The prepa
5、ration of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/10, Fluids for electrotechnical applications, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cable Makers Confederation British Lubricants Federation Limited Chemical Industries Association Electricity Association En
6、vironmental Services Association Health and Safety Executive Institute of Petroleum Institution of Electrical Engineers LondonRegionalTransport Transmission and Distribution Association (BEAMA Limited) BS 148 : 1998 BSI 1998i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Specific
7、ation 1General1 2Definitions1 3Classification1 4Identification and delivery1 5Sampling2 6Properties of the oils2 7Test methods5 Tables 1Uninhibited mineral insulating oils3 2Inhibited mineral insulating oils4 List of references8 iiBSI 1998 BS 148 : 1998 Foreword The revision of this British Standard
8、 has been prepared by Technical Committee GEL/10 and supersedes BS 148 : 1997, which is withdrawn. BS 148 : 1998 has replaced BS 148 : 1997 in order to incorporate a number of editorial changes but there have been no changes to the technical content. It is based on IEC Publication 296 : 1982 Specifi
9、cation for unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear, published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). For ease of cross-reference, the clause numbering of this standard follows that of IEC Publication 296 as far as possible. This standard differs from IEC Publi
10、cation 296 in specifying limits for: i)Water content on delivery; ii)Oxidation stability using Method C of BS EN 61125 : 1993; iii)Gassing tendency; iv)Polycyclic aromatics (PCA); v)Polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs; vi)Total furans. The limits for water content continue the UK practice in previous edi
11、tions of BS 148 whilst the gassing tendency test reflects the change in oil quality which followed the demand for gas absorbing oils in the 1970s. The use of the oxidation test described in Method C of BS EN 61125 : 1993 (formally IEC 813) acknowledges the fact that oils operate under limited oxygen
12、 (air) availability in equipment and allows one oxidation test to be used with differing test durations for both oxidation inhibited and uninhibited oil. Items (iv), (v) and (vi) above are introduced for the first time reflecting changes in the industry with respect to Health and Safety. In addition
13、, the increasing use of total furfural/furans measurements as an in-service diagnostic tool has prompted the necessity to impose limits on unused oil. This specification acknowledges UK practice whereby the limiting values for unused mineral insulating oils may also apply to reclaimed mineral insula
14、ting oils for transformers and switchgear. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations
15、. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 9, and a back cover. BSI 19981 BS 148 : 1998 1) Marking BS 148 : 1998 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the m
16、anufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which may also be desirable. Specification 1 General 1.1 Scope This British St
17、andard specifies requirements for unused and reclaimed oxidation inhibited and uninhibited mineral insulating oils, as delivered, for use in transformers, switchgear and similar electrical equipment in which oil is required as an insulant or for heat transfer. These oils are obtained by the distilla
18、tion and refining of petroleum. Oils with and without additives are within the scope of this standard. This standard does not apply to mineral insulating oils used as impregnates in cables or capacitors nor to hydrocarbon insulating liquids obtained by synthesis. NOTE. Oils conforming to the require
19、ments of this standard, of the same class and containing no additives, are considered to be compatible with one another and can be mixed in any proportion. This does not necessarily apply to oils containing additives and where the user wishes to mix such oils a check should be made to ensure that th
20、e mixture complies with the requirements of this standard. 1.2 References 1.2.1 Normative references This British Standard incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publicati
21、ons are listed on page 8. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this British Standard only when incorporated in it by updating or revision. 1.2.2 Informative references This British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Ed
22、itions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest edition. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 unused oil A mineral insulating oil which
23、has not been used in, or been in contact with electrical equipment or other equipment not required for manufacture, storage or transport. 2.2 reclaimed oil A mineral insulating oil used in electrical equipment which has been subjected to chemical and/or physical processing to eliminate soluble and i
24、nsoluble contaminants. 2.3 reconditioned oil A mineral insulating oil used in electrical equipment which has been subjected to physical processing to remove contaminants. 2.4 additive A suitable substance, which is deliberately added to an insulating liquid in small proportion in order to improve ce
25、rtain characteristics. 2.5 anti-oxidant An additive incorporated in an insulating liquid to reduce or delay its degradation by oxidation. 2.6 pour point depressant An additive that enables the pour point of a mineral insulating oil to be lowered. 2.7 uninhibited oil A mineral insulating oil, contain
26、ing no anti-oxidant, but which may contain other additives. 2.8 inhibited oil A mineral insulating oil which contains an anti-oxidant. 3 Classification Three classes of oil are included in this standard, Class I, Class II and Class III (see tables 1 and 2). The classes differ in the values of certai
27、n physical properties, namely flash point, pour point and viscosity at 40 C and at a specified lower temperature. The presence of an anti-oxidant is indicated by the letter A following the class number (see table 2). 4 Identification and delivery 4.1 Road or rail tank wagons and drums used for the d
28、elivery of oil shall be specially cleaned for this purpose. 4.2 Oil drums and containers of oil samples shipped by the oil supplier shall carry at least the following markings: a) suppliers designation; b) number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 148 : 19981); c) class of oil, e.g. Class I.
29、 2BSI 1998 BS 148 : 1998 4.3 Each oil delivery shall be covered by a document from the supplier stating at least the following: a) suppliers designation; b) class of oil; c) function and generic nature of any additive present; d) that the oil conforms to BS 148 : 1998. NOTE 1. A pour point depressan
30、t should only be included in the oil formulation if this is agreed between supplier and purchaser. NOTE 2. The purchaser may require that no major changes in crude oil type or refining process be made without the purchaser being informed. 4.4 Health and safety information, in line with current legis
31、lation, shall be available to the purchaser. 5 Sampling Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure described in BS 5263 : 1975. NOTE. As a general rule, oil samples should be taken where the oil is presumed to be more contaminated, e.g. at the lowest point of the container; howev
32、er, contaminants at the surface or in the body of the oil should not be overlooked. 6 Properties of the oils Uninhibited and inhibited oils shall be in accordance with the limiting values given in tables 1 and 2, respectively, when tested in accordance with the methods given in clause 7. NOTE 1. The
33、 limiting values in tables 1 and 2 apply to unused oil, as delivered, prior to its treatment or introduction into apparatus. Before inhibition, the oil used for producing oxidation inhibited oils shall conform to table 1, except for the gassing tendency requirement. The limits for water content, bre
34、akdown voltage and dielectric dissipation factor for oil packed in drums shall apply only to oils delivered within Great Britain in drums of 200 l nominal capacity and to tests carried out within two weeks of leaving the manufacturer. NOTE 2. There is a tendency for water absorption to occur and for
35、 the electrical characteristics to deteriorate in oil stored in drums. Reclaimed uninhibited oil shall meet the limiting values in table 1. NOTE 3. Precision data given in the specified methods are to be used solely as a guide to the expected agreement between duplicate measurements of the property
36、and are not to be regarded as tolerances applicable to the limits specified in tables 1 and 2. NOTE 4. Oil in drums cannot be expected to retain the breakdown voltage shown at the time of filling and attention is drawn to the risk of deterioration of electrical properties, which is greater in smalle
37、r drums (less than 200 l). It is recommended that the breakdown voltage is checked on oil that has been drummed for more than three months and/or if the drum has been damaged. NOTE 5. In the present context bulk refers to shipments made in breather-protected vehicles or containers and does not apply
38、 to oil carried in ships or barges or by pipeline. NOTE 6. The limiting values in table 1 should serve only as a guide for reconditioned oil, i.e. oil processed at a location other than at the suppliers works to improve the quality of the oil to acceptable limits. BSI 19983 BS 148 : 1998 Table 1. Un
39、inhibited mineral insulating oils PropertyTest methodLimiting values for measured characteristics Class IClass IIClass III Kinematic viscosity7.3 mm2/s40 C* 2 15 C 2 30 C 2 40 C # 16.5 # 800 # 11.0 #1800 # 3.5 # 150 Flash point, C7.4$ 140$ 130$ 95 Pour point, C7.5# 230# 245# 260 Appearance7.1Clear,
40、free from sediment and suspended matter Density, kg/dm3at 20 C7.2# 0.8951) Neutralization value, mg KOH per g of oil7.6# 0.03 Corrosive sulfur7.7Non-corrosive Water content, mg/kg7.8 bulk delivery# 20 drum delivery# 30 Anti-oxidant additives7.9Not detectable2) Oxidation stability, 164 h7.10 total ac
41、idity, mg KOH per g of oil# 1.23) sludge, % by mass# 0.83) Breakdown voltage, as delivered, kV7.11$ 30 Dielectric dissipation factor, at 90 C and 40 Hz to 62 Hz 7.12# 0.005 Gassing tendency at 50 Hz after 120 min,7.13# + 53) mm3/min Method A Total PCB content mg/kg7.14Not detectable3) Total furans m
42、g/kg7.15 1.03) Polycyclic aromatics % mass7.16 3.03) * Corresponding viscosity values at 20 C are approximately 40 mm2/s for Class I oil, 25 mm2/s for Class II oil and 6 mm2/s for Class III oil. 1) A maximum limit for density is specified in an attempt to minimize the risk of ice crystals floating i
43、n the oil where oil-insulated equipment is exposed to very low temperatures. 2)No anti-oxidant shall be included in uninhibited oils. 3)When being applied to reclaimed oil the following should be noted: a) Oxidation stability: the limits applicable are: Total acidity # 1.5 mg KOH per g of oil: Sludg
44、e # 1.0 % mass. b) Gassing tendency Furans Polycyclic aromatics to be agreed between purchaser and supplier c) Total PCB content - to be agreed between purchaser and supplier and is typically less than 10 mg/kg. NOTE. The purchaser may require to agree with the supplier limits for sulfur content and
45、 resistivity at 90 C. 4 BSI 1998 BS 148 : 1998 Table 2. Inhibited mineral insulating oils PropertyTest methodLimiting values for measured characteristics Class IAClass IIAClass IIIA Kinematic viscosity7.3 mm2/s40 C* 2 15 C 2 30 C 2 40 C # 16.5 # 800 # 11.0 #1800 # 3.5 # 150 Flash point, C7.4$ 140$ 1
46、30$ 95 Pour point, C7.5# 230# 245# 260 Appearance7.1Clear, free from sediment and suspended matter Density, kg/dm3at 20 C7.2# 0.8951) Neutralization value, mg KOH per g of oil7.6# 0.08 Corrosive sulfur7.7Non-corrosive Water content, mg/kg7.8 bulk delivery# 20 drum delivery# 30 Anti-oxidant additives
47、2)No requirement Oxidation stability, 164 h7.10 total acidity, mg KOH per g of oil# 0.25 sludge, % by mass# 0.01 500 h total acidity, mg KOH per g of oil# 1.5 sludge, % by mass# 1.0 Breakdown voltage, as delivered, kV7.11$ 30 Dielectric dissipation factor, at 90 C and 40 Hz to 62 Hz 7.12# 0.005 Gass
48、ing tendency at 50 Hz after 120 min,7.13 mm3/min Method A# + 8 Total PCB content mg/kg7.14Not detectable Total furans mg/kg7.15# 1.0 Polycyclic aromatics % mass7.16 3.03) * Corresponding viscosity values at 20 C are approximately 40 mm2/s for Class IA oil, 25 mm2/s for Class IIA oil and 6 mm2/s for
49、Class IIIA oil. 1) A maximum limit for density is specified in an attempt to minimize the risk of ice crystals floating in the oil where oil-insulated equipment is exposed to very low temperatures. 2)Methods for the detection and quantitative determination of some anti-oxidant additives are described in BS 5984 : 1980. 3)The limit is applicable to the oil before the addition of inhibiting additives on the basis that PCAs cannot be added as inhibitors. NOTE. The purchaser may require to agree with the supplier limits for sulfur content and r
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3730416.html