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1、AS 1289. 6. 2. 1 2001 www. st andar ds. com . au St andar ds Aust r al i a 1 Aust r al i an St andar d TM M et hods of t est i ng soi l s f or engi neer i ng pur poses M et hod 6. 2. 1: Soi l st r engt h and consol i dat i on t est s Det er m i nat i on of t he shear st r engt h of a soi l Fi el d t
2、 est usi ng a vane 1 SCOPE Thi s St andar d set s out a met hod f or det er mi ni ng t he shear st r engt h of a soi l i n t he f i el d by measur i ng t he t or que r equi r ed t o cause a vane of cr uci f or m sect i on t o shear t he soi l . The met hod i s sui t abl e f or use f or ver y sof t t
3、 o f i r m non- f i ssur ed cl ays. 2 REFERENCED DOCUM ENT The f ol l owi ng document i s r ef er r ed t o i n t hi s St andar d: BS 4019Rot ar y cor e dr i l l i ng equi pment 4019. 3Par t 3:Speci f i cat i on f or Syst em A. M et r i c uni t s 3 APPARATUS The f ol l owi ng appar at us i s r equi r
4、 ed: ( a)Vane of cr uci f or m shape, pr ef er abl y of st ai nl ess st eel , conf or mi ng t o Fi gur e 1 ( see Not e 1) . For soi l s of shear st r engt h up t o 50 kPa, a vane 130 mm l ong 65 mm di amet er 3. 0 mm t hi ck i s sat i sf act or y ( see Not e 2) . For soi l s of shear st r engt h i n
5、 t he r ange 50 t o 75 kPa, a vane 100 mm l ong 50 mm di amet er 1. 6 mm t hi ck i s sat i sf act or y. The per cent age ar ea r at i o of t he vane, as expr essed i n t he f ol l owi ng equat i on, shal l be kept as l ow as pr act i cabl e and shal l not exceed 15 per cent : () 100 8 r at i oAr ea
6、2 2 + = D ddDt . . . ( 3) wher e t=t hi ckness of vane bl ades, i n mi l l i met r es D=over al l bl ade wi dt h, i n mi l l i met r es d=di amet er of vane r od bel ow t he sl eeve, i ncl udi ng any enl ar gement due t o wel di ng, i n mi l l i met r es The vane r od, nor mal l y of hi gh- st r eng
7、t h st eel , shal l have a di amet er ( d) pr ef er abl y not exceedi ng 15 mm. I t shal l be encased i n a sui t abl e sl eeve commenci ng appr oxi mat el y 30 mm above t he vane bl ades and ext endi ng f or t he di st ance penet r at ed i nt o t he soi l , t o excl ude soi l par t i cl es and t he
8、 ef f ect s of soi l adhesi on. AS 1289. 6. 2. 1 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 6. 2. 1 2001 St andar ds Aust r al i awww. st andar ds. com . au 2 ( b)Tor que r ods connect ed t o t he vane r od, whi ch shal l be of st eel and suf f i ci ent l y st r ong t o t r ansmi
9、 t t he r equi r ed axi al t hr ust and t or que. The t or que r od coupl i ngs shal l be such t hat sect i ons of t he r ods cannot t i ght en or t wi st r el at i ve t o each ot her . The t or que r ods shal l be suppor t ed, as necessar y, by bear i ngs t o pr event t he devel opment of f r i ct
10、i on bet ween t he r ods and t he wal l of t he casi ng or bor e. ( c)Tor que equi pment f or appl yi ng t or que t o t he vane t hr ough t or que r ods. The equi pment shal l i ncl ude a means of appl yi ng and measur i ng t or que, a means of cl ampi ng t he equi pment i n t he r equi r ed posi t
11、i on, t oget her wi t h a hei ght adj ust ment and a means of measur i ng angul ar mot i on. M ovi ng par t s of t he equi pment shal l be mount ed i n bal l or r ol l er bear i ngs, t o r educe f r i ct i on t o a mi ni mum. The equi pment shal l be desi gned so t hat t he backl ash i s smal l . Th
12、e pr eci si on of t he t or que r eadi ng shal l be such t hat shear st r engt h of a soi l can be measur ed t o wi t hi n 1 kPa. A maxi mum r eadi ng i ndi cat or i s desi r abl e. ( d)Dr i l l i ng r i g, associ at ed equi pment and casi ng capabl e of advanci ng hol es t o r equi r ed dept hs and
13、 di amet er . FI G URE 1 VANE AND RO D M O UNTI NG ( Di agr am m at i c onl y) Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 6. 2. 1 2001 www. st andar ds. com . au St andar ds Aust r al i a 3 4 PROCEDURE The pr ocedur e shal l be as f ol l ows: ( a)Dr i l l a hol e t o a dept h no
14、cl oser t han f our bor ehol e di amet er s above t est l ocat i on ( see Not e 3) . Case t he hol e as necessar y. ( b)Lower t he vane i nt o t he pr evi ousl y bor ed hol e, addi ng and t i ght eni ng ext ensi on r ods as r equi r ed. Ensur e t hat t he r od coupl i ngs r emai n t i ght whi l e t
15、he vane i s l ower ed and t hat bear i ngs ar e pl aced as necessar y t o st eady t he r ods l at er al l y t hr oughout t hei r l engt h ( see Not e 4) . ( c)Advance t he vane f r om t he bot t om of t he hol e i n a si ngl e t hr ust t o t he dept h at whi ch t he t est i s t o be conduct ed. Ensu
16、r e t hat no t or que i s appl i ed t o t he vane dur i ng t he t hr ust . Penet r at e undi st ur bed soi l a di st ance of not l ess t han f our t i mes t he di amet er of t he bor ehol e. W i t h t he vane i n posi t i on, set up t he t or que head and t ake up any sl ack. Recor d or set t o zer
17、o t he t or que and angul ar measur i ng devi ces. Appl y t or que t o cause r ot at i on of t he vane at a const ant r at e ( see Not e 5) . Cont i nue r ot at i on unt i l t he soi l i s shear ed and a maxi mum t or que has been r eached. Recor d t hi s val ue ( T) f or use i n t he equat i on i n
18、 Cl ause 5 t o cal cul at e t he undi st ur bed shear st r engt h. ( d)Rot at e t he vane r api dl y a number of t i mes, check t he r eadi ng and r epeat t he oper at i on unt i l a const ant r eadi ng i s obt ai ned. Thi s val ue ( T) of t he t or que i s used i n t he equat i on i n Cl ause 5 t o
19、 cal cul at e t he r emoul ded shear st r engt h. ( e)Remove t he vane, cont i nue bor i ng and t ake a di st ur bed sampl e at t he l evel of t est f or descr i pt i on of t he soi l . ( f )M easur e and r ecor d t he dept h of t he t est ( t o t he appr oxi mat e cent r e of t he vane) t o t he ne
20、ar est 0. 1 m. 5 CALCULATIONS Assumi ng t hat t he di st r i but i on of t he shear st r engt h i s uni f or m acr oss t he ends of a cyl i nder and ar ound t he per i met er , cal cul at e t he undi st ur bed and r emoul ded shear st r engt h f r om t he equat i on: ()DHD T S + = 3 610 2 9 . . . (
21、5) wher e S=vane shear st r engt h, i n ki l opascal s T=t or que t o shear t he soi l , i n ki l onewt on met r es D=over al l bl ade wi dt h, i n mi l l i met r es H=l engt h of vane, i n mi l l i met r es 6 TEST REPORT The r epor t shal l i ncl ude t he f ol l owi ng: ( a)The undi st ur bed and r
22、 emoul ded shear st r engt hs of t he soi l , i n ki l opascal s, t o t he near est whol e number . ( b)Rat e of r ot at i on of t he vane i f mor e t han 9 degr ees/ mi nut e. ( c)Vane syst em and pr i nci pal di mensi ons. ( d)Locat i on and el evat i on of t he t est . ( e)Soi l descr i pt i on.
23、( f )Dat e of t est i ng. ( g)Ref er ence t o t hi s Aust r al i an St andar d, i . e. , AS 1289. 6. 2. 1. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 6. 2. 1 2001 St andar ds Aust r al i awww. st andar ds. com . au 4 NOTES ON TEST: 1Al t ernat i ve vane syst em s Ot her desi gns
24、of vane syst em ar e accept abl e i f t hey pr ovi de f or t he separ at e measur ement of t he f r i ct i on of t he vane r od as an al t er nat i ve t o t he sl eeve. For exampl e, a devi ce al l owi ng par t i al r ot at i on of t he vane r od bef or e act uat i ng t he vane, or a dummy r od syst
25、 em i n whi ch a separ at e t est i s made t o det er mi ne t he f r i ct i on. W hen any one of t hese al t er nat i ves i s used, t he pr ocedur e gi ven i n Cl ause 4 shoul d be sui t abl y modi f i ed t o i ncl ude r egul ar f r i ct i on r eadi ngs. 2Si ze of vane The 130 mm l ong 65 mm di amet
26、 er vane i s a conveni ent si ze, as a vane of t hi s si ze can be i nser t ed t hr ough NX casi ng ( see BS 4019. 3) . Lar ger vanes ar e sat i sf act or y but need l ar ger casi ng si zes. 3Test not i n borehol e I f an al t er nat i ve syst em i s used, such as empl oyi ng a penet r at i on vane
27、pushed di r ect l y i nt o t he soi l , i . e. not t hr ough a bor ehol e, i t i s i mpor t ant t hat t he equi pment and pr ocedur es conf or m gener al l y t o t hose i ndi cat ed. Par t i cul ar car e shoul d be t aken t o sheat he t he t or que r ods agai nst ef f ect s of f r i ct i on f r om t
28、 he soi l . 4Rod beari ngs The r equi r ed spaci ng of bear i ngs wi l l depend on t he r i gi di t y of t he r ods, but nor mal l y wi l l be bet ween 3 m and 9 m. 5Rot at i on rat e A r at e of 6 degr ees per mi nut e i s common. Thi s wi l l usual l y gi ve a t i me- t o- f ai l ur e of 2 t o 5 m
29、i n. Al l owance shoul d be made f or pr obabl e dependency of st r engt h upon st r ai n r at e when compar i ng vane shear st r engt hs wi t h r esul t s f r om ot her t est s, e. g. t r i axi al compr essi on t est s, wher e t he t i me t o f ai l ur e may be an or der of magni t ude gr eat er t
30、han 2 t o 5 mi n. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 6. 2. 1 20015 NOTES Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 6. 2. 1 20016 NOTES Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 6. 2. 1 20017 NOTES Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTI
31、TUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 6. 2. 1 20018 Thi s Aust r al i an St andar d was pr epar ed by Com m i t t ee CE- 009. Test i ng of Soi l s f or Engi neer i ng Pur poses. I t was appr oved on behal f of t he Counci l of St andar ds Aust r al i a on 25 M ay 2001 and publ i shed on 12 Jul y 2001. The f
32、 ol l owi ng i nt er est s ar e r epr esent ed on Com m i t t ee CE- 009: Aust r al i an Geom echani cs Soci et y AUSTROADS Cr ushed St one Associ at i on of Aust r al i a Depar t m ent of Adm i ni st r at i ve Ser vi ces, Sci ent i f i c Ser vi ces Labor at or i es, AGAL I nst i t ut i on of Engi n
33、eer s Aust r al i a Nat i onal Associ at i on of Test i ng Aut hor i t i es, Aust r al i a Uni ver si t y of Sydney K eepi ng St andards up- t o- dat e St andar ds ar e l i vi ng docum ent s whi ch r ef l ect pr ogr ess i n sci ence, t echnol ogy and syst em s. To m ai nt ai n t hei r cur r ency, al
34、 l St andar ds ar e per i odi cal l y r evi ewed, and new edi t i ons ar e publ i shed. Bet ween edi t i ons, am endm ent s m ay be i ssued. St andar ds m ay al so be wi t hdr awn. I t i s i m por t ant t hat r eader s assur e t hem sel ves t hey ar e usi ng a cur r ent St andar d, whi ch shoul d i
35、ncl ude any am endm ent s whi ch m ay have been publ i shed si nce t he St andar d was pur chased. Det ai l ed i nf or m at i on about St andar ds can be f ound vi si t i ng t he St andar ds Aust r al i a web si t e at www. st andar ds. com . au and l ooki ng up t he r el evant St andar d i n t he o
36、n- l i ne cat al ogue. Al t er nat i vel y, t he pr i nt ed Cat al ogue pr ovi des i nf or m at i on cur r ent at 1 Januar y each year , and t he m ont hl y m agazi ne, The Aust ral i an St andard, has a f ul l l i st i ng of r evi si ons and am endm ent s publ i shed each m ont h. W e al so wel com
37、 e suggest i ons f or t he i m pr ovem ent i n our St andar ds, and especi al l y encour age r eader s t o not i f y us i m m edi at el y of any appar ent i naccur aci es or am bi gui t i es. Cont act us vi a em ai l at m ai l st andar ds. com . au, or wr i t e t o t he Chi ef Execut i ve, St andar
38、ds Aust r al i a I nt er nat i onal Lt d, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001. Or i gi nat ed, i n par t , as par t of AS A89 1966 and AS A89. 15A 1971. Pr evi ous edi t i on AS 1289. 6. 2. 1 1997. Second edi t i on 2001. CO PYRI G HT St andar ds Aust r al i a I nt er nat i onal Al l r i ght s ar e r ese
39、r ved. No par t of t hi s wor k m ay be r epr oduced or copi ed i n any f or m or by any m eans, el ect r oni c or m echani cal , i ncl udi ng phot ocopyi ng, wi t hout t he wr i t t en per m i ssi on of t he publ i sher . Publ i shed by St andar ds Aust r al i a I nt er nat i onal Lt d G PO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Aust r al i a I SBN 0 7337 3945 8Pr i nt ed i n Aust r al i a Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 Thi s page has been l ef t i nt ent i onal l y bl ank. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007
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