AWWA-M23-2002.pdf
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1、 PVC Pipe-Design and Installation AWWA MANUAL M23 Second Edition American Water Works Association Science and Technology AWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards
2、 for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. MANUAL OF WATER SUPPLY PRACTICES-M23, Second Edition PVC Pipe-Design and Installation Copyright O 2002 American Water Works Association All rights re
3、served. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission o
4、f the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for. Printed in the United States of America American Water Works Association 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235 ISBN 1-58321-171-3 Printed on recycled paper Contents List of Figures, v List of Tables, vii For
5、eword, ix Acknowledgments, xi Chapter 1 General Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe. . . . . . . 1 Background, 1 Material Properties of PVC Pipe Compounds, 1 Corrosion, Permeation, and Chemical Resistance, 2 Environmental Effects, 5 Chapter 2 Testing and Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6、9 Testing and Inspection, 9 Chapter 3 Hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Flow Formulas, 13 Chapter 4 Design Factors Related to External Forces and Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Superimposed Loads, 21 Flexible Pipe Theory, 24 Longitudinal Bending, 33 Expan
7、sion and Contraction, 40 Thrust Restraint-General, 42 Chapter 5 Pressure Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Internal Hydrostatic Pressure, 53 Distribution Mains, 58 Transmission Mains, 59 Injection-Molded PVC Fittings, 62 Fabricated PVC Fittings, 63 Dynamic Surge Pressure, 63 Transmission
8、 Pipe Design Example, 67 Chapter 6 Receiving, Storage, and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Receiving, 73 Storage, 75 Chapter 7 Installation. . . . . . . . . Scope, 77 Alignment and Grade, 77 Installation in Trenches, 77 Pipe Joints, 82 Pipe Cutting and Bending, 83 Pipe Embedment, 84 Casings, 86 .
9、. . . . . . . . . . 77 . 111 -,-,- Appurtenances, 88 Thrust Restraint, 91 Chapter 8 Testing and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Initial Testing, 93 Timing of the Testing, 93 Initial Cleaning of the Pipeline, 94 Test Preparation, 94 Hydrostatic Testing and Leakage Testing, 94 Test Pressure
10、, 95 Duration of Tests, 95 Allowable Leakage, 96 Disinfecting Water Mains, 96 System Maintenance, 96 Chapter 9 Service Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct Tapping, 99 Saddle Tapping, 105 Tapping Sleeve and Valve, 107 Appendix A, Chemical Resistance Tables, 109 Appendix B, Flow Friction Loss
11、 Tables, 129 Bibliography, 157 Index, 163 List of AWWA Manuals, 167 . 99 iv -,-,- Figures 1-1 1-2 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 4- 1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 6-1 7-1 7-2 7-3 7-4 7-5 7-6 Class 12454 requirements, 4 Approximate relationship for 12454 PVC for PVC pipe strength properties versu
12、s temperature, 6 Moody diagram-friction factor, 15 Moody diagram-relative roughness, 16 Friction loss characteristics of water flow through PVC pipe, 18 Resistance of valves and fitting to flow of fluids, 19 Distribution of HS-20 live load through fill, 23 Bedding angle, 28 Plasticity chart, 32 PVC
13、pipe longitudinal bending, 36 PVC pipe joint offset, 37 Length variation of unrestrained PVC pipe as a result of temperature change, 41 Free-body diagram of forces on a pipe bend, 44 Resultant frictional and passive pressure forces on a pipe bend, 48 Suggested trench conditions for restrained joints
14、 on PVC pipelines, 50 Stress regression curve for PVC pressure pipe, 55 Stress regression line, 56 Strength and life lines of PVC 12454, 57 Pipeline profile, 67 Chock block, 75 Trench cross section showing terminology, 78 Examples of subditches, 79 Recommendations for installation and use of soils a
15、nd aggregates for foundation, embedment, and backfill, 85 PVC pipe casing skids, 86 Casing spacer, 87 Fire hydrant foundation, 90 V 7-7 7-8 9- 1 9-2 9-3 9-4 9-5 9-6 9-7 9-8 Types of thrust blocking, 91 Types of joint restraint, 92 Direct PVC pipe tap, 100 Tapping machine nomenclature, 100 Cuttinghap
16、ping tool, 101 Mounting the tapping machine, 103 Cutter feed, 103 Condition of coupon, 104 Tapping saddle, 106 PVC tapping saddle, 107 vi -,-,- 1-1 4- 1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 4- 10 4-11 4-12 4-13 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 7- 1 7-2 8- 1 9-1 A- 1 A-2 Cell class requirements for rigid poly (vin
17、yl chloride) compounds, 3 HS-20 and Coopers E-80 live loads, 24 PVC pipe stiffness, 26 Bedding constant values, 28 Values for the soil support combining factor, Sc, 29 Values for the modulus of soil reaction E b for the pipe-zone embedment, psi (MPa), 30 Soil classification chart (ASTM D24871, 31 Va
18、lues for the modulus of soil reaction, E I n , for the native soil at pipe-zone elevation, 32 Longitudinal bending stress and strain in PVC pipe at 73.4“F (23“C), 38 Coefficients of thermal expansion, 40 Length variation per 10F (5.60 AT for PVC pipe, 40 Estimated bearing strength (undisturbed soil)
19、, 45 Properties of soils used for bedding to calculate F, and R, 50 In situ values of soil properties for R, 52 Thermal de-rating factors for PVC pressure pipes and fittings, 54 Pressure classes of PVC pipe (C900), 59 Pressure ratings of PVC pipe (C905), 60 Short-term strengths of PVC pipe, 61 Short
20、-term ratings of PVC pipe, 61 PVC pressure surge versus DR for 1 ftsec (0.3 ? AWWA C905, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabri- cated Fittings, 14 In. Through 48 In. (350 mm Through 1,200 mm), for Water Trans- mission and Distribution;? and AWWA C909, Molecularly Oriented Polyvinyl Chlori
21、de (PVCO) Pressure Pipe, 4 In. Through 12 In. (100 mm Through 300 mm), for Water Dis- tribution. The material classification can be found on the pipe as part of its identifica- tion marking. Many of the important properties of PVC pipe are predetermined by the charac- teristics of the PVC compound f
22、rom which the pipe is extruded. PVC pressure pipe manufactured in accordance with AWWA C900, C905, or C909 must be extruded from PVC compound with cell classification 12454-B or better. Those compounds must also qualify for a hydrostatic design basis of 4,000 psi (27.58 MPa) for water at 73.4“F (23C
23、) per the requirements of PPI? TR-3. The manner in which selected materials are identified by this classification sys- tem is illustrated by a Class 12454 rigid PVC compound having the requirements shown in Table 1-1 and Figure 1-1. CORROSION, PERMEATION, AND CHEMICAL RESISTANCE PVC and PVCO pipes a
24、re resistant to almost all types of corrosion-both chemical and electrochemical-that are experienced in underground piping systems. Because PVC is a nonconductor, galvanic and electrochemical effects are nonexistent in PVC piping systems. PVC pipe cannot be damaged by aggressive waters or corrosive
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