AGMA-92FTM3-1992.pdf
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1、92 FTM 3 ReducedFuel Consumptionand Emissions due to BetterIntegrationof Engineand Transmission by: B. R. HiShn Technical University Munich, Germany AmericanGearManufacturersAssociation TECHNICALPAPER Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=
2、IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 12:15:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Reduced Fuel Consumptionand Emissionsdue to Better Integrationof Engine and Transmission Bernd-RobertHiihn, Technical University Munich, Germany T
3、he statements and opinions contained herein are those of the author and should not be construed as an official action or opinion of the American Gear Manufacturers Association. ABSTRACT: The need to reduce fuel consumptionand emissionsfrom combustiondemands better integrationof engine and transmissi
4、on.Gears with wider ratio range have three advantages: 1.A large overdrive ratio range can reduce engine speed. The speedlimitin nearly every country makes this kind of operationof great importance,since mid-sizeand big-sizecars need low engine speed but high torque to deliver the required power.Thi
5、s improves thermal efficiency of diesel and gasoline engines. 2.The enlargementof the value of first gear improves acceleration without enlarging the engine, or makes a smaller engine possible if increased accelerationis not important.In either case it is necessary that the gear box efficiency be go
6、od over the entire range of ratios. 3.The wide ratio range gear box is optimal for a new hybrid driveline for passenger cars. Thisdrivelineconsistsofa small electric engine, a normal combustion engine and the wide ratio range gearbox. City driving, where lower power is sufficient, can use the electr
7、ic engine because the gearbox will provide adequate torque at the wheels. For acceleration and driving on the road, the normal combustionengine will be activated. With the proposed driveline, operation with partial load and poor thermal efficiency can be avoided. Copyright 1992 AmericanGear Manufact
8、urersAssociation 1500 King Street, Suite 201 Alexandria,Virginia, 22314 October,1992 ISBN:1-55589-583-2 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 12:15:49 MDTNo reproductio
9、n or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ReducedFuelConsumptionandEmissions duetoBetterIntegrationofEngineandTransmission Bernd-RobertH6hn,ProfessorDr.-Ing. TechnicalUniversityMunich,Germany INTRODUCTIONManyscientistspredictdramaticeffects on theworldclimate.In reality,humani- Theinc
10、reaseoftheglobalCO z -.emissiontyhasonlyoneoptionoverthenext30 andthefearedinfluenceontheclimateyears.Thisistoreduceenergyconsump- suchasthehigherCO z-concentrationtion.Todemonstratethatitisourtask inducedgreen-house-effectintheatmos-tostartreduction,weshouldremindour- phere,givesthediscussionofsavi
11、ngselvesofthefactthatinthemorein- energyanewdimension.Duringthe70sdustrializedcountries,liketheU.S., energyreduction,especiallyinindividu-WesternEuropeandJapan,energyconsump- altraffic,hadthetargetofimprovingtionpermanis50timeshigherthanin theprivateeconomics.Theobjectiveisothercountries. nowamorepo
12、liticaleconomictarget.Withsuchcircumstances,thetaskofre- Fig.1showsthebigdifferencebetweenducingfuelconsumptionincarswillbe- forecastandrecommendationforCO z-comethecentraltargetoffuturecar emissionsinthenext30years,development.Thepotentialforreduction duetobetterdrivelineswillbeshownin thispaper.Ab
13、igreductioninfuelcon- I/_Zforecas|O world-sumptionispossibleifyouviewthe35_energy-c0nferencewholesystem,whichconsistsofinternal (WEK1989combustionengineandtransmission.The increaseoftheseparateefficienciesof 3o-engineandtransmissionareverysmall. _However,if youmakeanevaluationof the smalleconomicsys
14、tem,amarkedcontributioncouldbe 25progressmade.System-Engineeringforautomobile oc_drivelineswouldcertainlycontributeto -_the reduction of energy-consumption. _Systemengineeringfordrivelinescanbe 20_dividedintwoparts: _a.Wideratiooverdrivegeartoreduce recommendation 15chm01ee0nterence1988enginespeedan
15、dincreasetorqueof theinternalcombustionengine and I1990200020102020 yearb.loweristgearofthetransmission toincreasewheeltorquewithless Fig.i:CO_- EmissionWorldWide (GlobalEnergyPerspectives,WEKenginetorque. Montreal) I Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license wi
16、th AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 12:15:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2.Reductionoffuel-consumptionwith300_-7 overdrivegear.I iIIimox. powercurveII Alotofengine-vehiclecombinationsare250 ratedforthei
17、rfuelreductionpotential 1, 2,3,4,5,6,8,9.Inthispaper itwillbeshownthatevendealingwith200 theverybesteconomicalengine,systemJ IJ/_Inl /r0odrgs_slgoce_J engineeringcanreducefuelconsumption. 2.1Definitions Amoderntransmissioncanbecharacter-_ i00_ izedwith3gear-stagesorgearratios: I.startinggear:ist50_-
18、/_-_-jT_e_-_ thisisthevalueofthefirstgear bymanualandautomatictransmis- sion. 100020003000mm-ILO00 2.highspeedgear:ihenginespeed neng Thisisthegearratiovalueof theFig.2:TorqueandSpecificFuelCon- 4th or5th gear.Withthisgearmaxi-sumptionofaDieselEngine mum speed can be attained,withDirectInjectionand
19、Turbocharges(TDI) 3.overdrivegear:imi“ Thisisthesmallestvalueofa gearTheminimumofthespecificfuelconsump- ratioin a transmissionandthebig-tionisatanoperatingconditionwith gestinfluenceonfuelsavings,maximumtorquebutlowspeed.Theroad resistancecurveofthehigh-speedgearih Todesignafuturetransmissionyounee
20、dliesfarawayfromtheoptimumareaof threerange-values:fuel consumption.Only by accelerationis theengineabletorunatitslowest 1.Thedrivingrange_dspecificfuel-consumption.How muchover- _istdriverange,_o,isnecessarytoobtain _dlhthisoptimumforconstantspeed? Fig.3 showsintheleftdiagramtheroad Thisisnormalran
21、geofproducedtrans-resistancecurveofa large-sized-carfor missions,different roadinclination andinthe rightdiagramthefuelconsumptionofthe internalcombustionengine. 2.Theoverdriverange_0: ih imi n90/_o_iI_i Thisisameasurementofthepotentialof75 220- atransmissiontointeractwiththeen- glneathightorquebutl
22、essspeedinthe_road,nchnolion= partial-loadarea. m2%/_so-o_ 3.The gearrange%: _g-iSt- _d_olmln_/-“.illf_I 25 The gear range is the most importantcri-/ terionforthegear-designer.Thisvalue determinesthenumberofgearsorthe kindof ContinouslyVariableTransmission/ (CVT) 050100150kmlh2000100020003000mJn-500
23、0 2.2Definitionoftheoptimaloverdrivevehlcle speedvenginespeedneng range Fig.3:RoadResistanceandPowerChar- Fig.2showsthespecificfuelconsump-acteristicsofaDieselEngine tionbof a diesel-turbo-enginewithdi-withDirectInjection(TDI) oe, rectin3ectlon. 2 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Pr
24、ovided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 12:15:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- he examplegive evidencetha he nec essary powerfora vehiclespeed of14020 km/hleadstoacertainminimums
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