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1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED SEPTEMBER 1993 BS 1133-16: 1987 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Packaging code Section 16: Adhesives for packaging UDC 621.798.264 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-16:1987 This British Standard
2、, having been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30 October 1987 BSI 04-1999 First published February 1953 First revision March 1968 Second revision October 1987 The
3、following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PKM/582 Draft for comment 86/36474 DC ISBN 0 580 16102 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committ
4、ee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/582, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Adhesives and Sealants Association British Fibreboard Packaging Association British Paper and Board Industry Federation (PIF) Chemical Industries Association PIRA Soap and Detergent Industry Associat
5、ion Transparent Cellulose Wrapping Committee Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 7839August 1993Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-16:1987 BSI 04-1999i
6、Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2General1 3Safety precautions1 4Bituminous adhesives6 5Inorganic adhesives (silicate adhesives)7 6Protein adhesives7 7Natural and synthetic rubber based adhesives9 8Synthetic resin adhesives11 9Thermoplastic adhesives supplied
7、 in solid form (hot melts and waxes)16 10Vegetable adhesives17 11Miscellaneous adhesive types20 Appendix A Guide to packaging end uses and suitable types of adhesive21 Appendix B British Standards relating to adhesives which may be of relevance to packaging22 Table 1 Summary of the characteristics a
8、nd uses of adhesives for packaging2 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-16:1987 ii BSI 04-1999 Foreword This Section of BS 1133 has been prepared under the direction of the Packag
9、ing and Freight Containers Standards Committee. It is a revision of BS 1133-16, which is withdrawn. BS 1133 was originally issued in December 1943, primarily to give guidance on the packaging of Service and other Government supplies. In practice, however, the code was used not only by Government dep
10、artments and contractors but also by civilian packers and, accordingly, it was amended to suit peace-time requirements. The Parts were later issued separately and new Sections were added as new materials and methods were developed. Various Sections of the code have been revised and the most recent r
11、evision of Section 16 was in 1968. This revision of Section 16 updates the guidance material to reflect changes in use of the different types of adhesive and incorporates a guide to packaging end uses indicating the most suitable adhesives. The packaging code now consists of the following Sections a
12、ll of which are published separately with the exception of Sections 1 to 3 which are published in one volume. Section 1 to 3 Introduction to packaging; Section 4: Mechanical aids in package handling; Section 5: Protection against spoilage of packages and their contents by micro-organisms, insects, m
13、ites and rodents; Section 6: Temporary protection of metal surfaces against corrosion during transportation and storage; Section 7: Paper and board wrappers, bags and containers; Section 7: Subsection 7.1 Wrapping papers; Section 7: Subsection 7.2 Bags and envelopes; Section 7: Subsection 7.3 Carton
14、s and boxes; Section 7: Chapter 7.5 Fibreboard cases; Section 8: Wooden containers; Section 9: Textile bags, sacks and wrappings; Section 10: Metal containers; Section 12: Methods of protection against shock (excluding cushioning devices); Section 13: Twines and cords for packaging; Section 14: Adhe
15、sive closing and sealing tapes; Section 15: Tensional strapping; Section 16: Adhesives for packaging; Section 17: Wicker and veneer baskets; Section 18: Glass containers and closures; Section 18: Subsection 1 Terminology; Section 19: Use of desiccants in packaging; Section 21: Regenerated cellulose
16、film, plastics films, aluminium foil and flexible laminates; Section 22: Packaging in plastics containers. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-16:1987 BSI 04-1999iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the
17、necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pa
18、ges 1 to 22, an inside back cover and back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Unc
19、ontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-16:1987 BSI 04-19991 1 Scope This Section of BS 1133 gives guidance on the most common adhesives used for the conversion of packaging materials and the
20、assembly, sealing and labelling of packages. Each type of adhesive is classified by source, principal characteristics and application, followed by more extensive information on properties, uses and health and safety considerations. A guide to packaging end uses is included as Appendix A listing the
21、most suitable adhesives for each application. A list of British Standards relating to adhesives which may be of relevance to packaging is given in Appendix B. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 General 2.1 Adhesive types Adhesives d
22、escribed in this standard may be divided into the following groups: bituminous inorganic protein rubber based (natural and synthetic) synthetic resins thermoplastic adhesives (supplied in solid form) vegetable miscellaneous (adhesive mixtures) The characteristics of these types differ but each has i
23、ts field of use for packaging purposes. Table 1 provides a basic guide to the characteristics and uses of these types of adhesive but each type is described in more detail in clauses 4 to 11. 2.2 Choice of adhesive The choice and application of the correct adhesive for a particular purpose are of th
24、e utmost importance and selection should be made only with the aid of technical advice. It is not practicable in this code to make detailed recommendations as to the best adhesives for a particular use. In selecting an adhesive the following factors should be considered: a) whether the resulting joi
25、nt will be sufficiently strong for the required purpose, and, under the conditions of storage, permanent; b) the technique of application to be employed; c) convenience and economy in use, taking account of possible health and safety hazards (see 3.1); d) the possible long-term interaction of the ad
26、hesive with other components of the completed pack, e.g. effect on inks, corrosive effects and the effect of plasticizer migration. Whenever possible the selection should be checked by practical tests, including field trials where appropriate. Appendix A lists a number of packaging end uses identify
27、ing the most suitable types of adhesive for each, from which the selection should be made in the light of the factors given in this subclause. 2.3 British Standards relating to adhesives Appendix B contains a list of British Standards relating to adhesives which may be of interest in connection with
28、 packaging. 3 Safety precautions 3.1 Handling, storage and disposal hazards Special precautions may be necessary or desirable when handling, storing or disposing of certain types of adhesive (for example, because of flammability, toxicity or dermatitis risk). It should be noted that health and safet
29、y advice in this document is not exhaustive. Statutory indication of hazards is required on labels and fuller information on hazards and precautions in use should be obtainable from the manufacturers, suppliers, etc. who have a specific duty to make available information under section 6 of the Healt
30、h and Safety at Work etc. Act 19741). In cases of difficulty, the local office of the Health and Safety Executive or the relevant local authority can also be consulted on health and safety aspects of handling, storage and disposal. Some synthetic rubber adhesives are petroleum solvents which may be
31、subject to licensing provisions when kept; the petroleum licensing authority should be consulted for advice in such cases. Some components of adhesives (e.g. isocyanate and solvents) have occupational exposure limits which should be met; further information can be found in HSE Guidance Note EH 40. 3
32、.2 Application hazards All adhesives have some degree of toxicity, therefore good hygiene should always be observed when handling adhesives. Specific hazards in use are referred to in clauses 4 to 11. 3.3 End use hazards Some adhesives contain ingredients that are toxic and this will have to be born
33、e in mind particularly in the choice of adhesives for packaging foodstuffs. Guidance from the manufacturers should be obtained on these points. 1) The British Adhesives and Sealants Association publish a booklet “Safe handling of adhesives in industry” available from adhesives suppliers and from BAS
34、A, 2A High Street, Hythe, Southampton S04 6 XW. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-16:1987 2 BSI 04-1999 Table 1 Summary of the characteristics and uses of adhesives for packaging TypeSource/manufacturesPrincipal charact
35、eristicsTypical applications Bituminous adhesives Asphaltic bitumenResidue from distillation of crude petroleum or as naturally occurring mineral bitumen Thermoplastic, black in colour.Normally used hot but can be obtained as an emulsion Good water resistance. Low water vapour transmission rate Boar
36、d, paper and metal foil laminations Inorganic adhesives Sodium silicateSolution of sodium silicate in water, many types depending on ratio of silicon dioxide to sodium oxide. Additions of inorganic materials such as clay or whiting may be made Alkaline, aqueous solution. Hard and brittle bond, poor
37、water resistance, good resistance to heat or cold Paper and board laminating, tube winding Protein adhesives a) Animal gluesMade by hydrolysis of hide or bone. Normally defoamed for packaging applications May be compounded with plasticizers, humectants, gel depressants, etc. Available in powder, jel
38、ly, or liquid form. Normally used in warm aqueous solution Gives immediate high tack and sets on cooling to a gel which forms a temporary bond strengthening as it dries further Poor water resistance Wood gluing, tube winding, rigid box covering and gummed tape manufacture b) Casein adhesivesManufact
39、ured from milk by acid precipitation and then formulated with alkali and other solubilizing agents Aqueous solution. Good water resistance but is soluble in mild alkali Glass container labelling Tube winding Natural and synthetic rubber based adhesives a) Natural latex adhesives 1) The natural latex
40、 exuding from the cut bark of the rubber tree; after preservation, stabilization and concentration it may be used in the natural form i) Water-borne dispersion containing ammonia. Versatile adhesive giving strong, flexible water resistant bonds. Can be used as a self-sealing adhesive Cold seal coati
41、ngs. Self-sealing envelopes, cartons and trays 2) The natural latex may also be compounded with resins, gums and/or vulcanizing agents ii) May or may not contain ammonia. Gives improved adhesion Labelling of plastics containers. Carton forming Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 0
42、7:57:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-16:1987 BSI 04-19993 Table 1 Summary of the characteristics and uses of adhesives for packaging TypeSource/manufacturePrincipal characteristicsTypical applications b) Synthetic rubber adhesives Polychloroprene polymers, acrylonitrile copolym
43、ers (nitrile) or styrene-butadiene copolymers (SBRa) supplied in organic solvent(s) or in latex form Solutions are fast drying adhesives giving tough flexible permanent bonds. May be highly flammable Latex adhesives are supplied in consistencies ranging from thin mobile fluid to highly viscous paste
44、 Bonding flexible materials, rubber, fabrics, regenerated cellulose and plastics (excluding untreated polyolefin) films or other difficult surfaces Synthetic resin adhesives a) Thermosetting resins 1) Phenol formaldehyde Reaction of phenols with formaldehyde under controlled conditions Generally sup
45、plied dispersed in water or water/methylated spirit mixture, but sometimes in other solvent. Dark coloured. Good water resistance, gap filling. Various types cure at room temperature or under heat, some need curing agents and some need heat only Wood assembly operations 2) Urea/melamine formaldehyde
46、 Reaction of urea/melamine with formaldehyde under controlled conditions Liquid or powder form. Used with curing agents which are either mixed in (giving limited pot life) or may be applied separately. Not naturally gap filling, but such grades are available. Good water resistance Colourless, curing
47、 hot or cold under acid conditions Wood gluing. As a blend with starch adhesives in the manufacture of corrugated board and paper sacks with improved water resistance 3) PolyurethanesReaction of isocyanates with resins containing hydroxyl groups One or two-part solvent borne adhesives. Good clarity
48、after curing. Good heat, water and solvent resistance Film lamination a Styrene-butadiene rubber. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-16:1987 4 BSI 04-1999 Table 1 Summary of the characteristics and uses of adhesives for
49、packaging TypeSource/manufacturePrincipal characteristicsTypical applications b) Thermoplastic resins applied in emulsion or solution form 1) Polyvinyl acetate (PVAC)b and copolymers Polymers manufactured by homopolymerization of vinyl acetate or its copolymerization with other monomers. They can be compounded with plasticizers and viscosity adjusters Available in emulsion or solution form. Good adhesion to a wide variety of materials. Normally colourless film varying from tough and resilient to very soft and flexible. Fle
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