ASA-S1.24-TR-2002-R2007.pdf
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1、ANSI TECHNICAL REPORT BUBBLE DETECTION AND CAVITATION MONITORING Accredited Standards Committee S1, Acoustics Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, NY 11747-3177 ANSI S1.24 TR-2002 ANSI S1.24 TR-2002 Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provide
2、d by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/18/2007 02:52:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Reaffirmed by ANSI on June 24, 2007 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the na- tio
3、nal coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clear- inghouse in the U.S. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of sci- entists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics a
4、nd to promote its practical applications. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/18/2007 02:52:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSI TECHNICAL R
5、EPORT Bubble Detection and Cavitation Monitoring Secretariat Acoustical Society of America ANSI Technical Report Registered: June 10, 2002 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This Technical Report provides descriptions of 25 techniques that have been found useful for detecting and c
6、haracterizing small gas-fi lled cavities or bubbles, and for monitoring cavitation activity. Acoustical, optical and electrical methods are among those employed for determining numbers, sizes and spatial distributions of bubbles. Physical, chemical and biological tests are used in monitoring cavitat
7、ion activity. The procedures described have been applied to medicine, to oceanography and to materials processing. Guidance is offered on the techniques which have been found suitable for specifi c applications. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed. References are provided for further reading.
8、 ANSI S1.24 TR-2002 Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/18/2007 02:52:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTI
9、CS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide represen- tation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, tra
10、de associa- tions, general interest and government representatives). The standards are pub- lished by the Acoustical Society of America through the American Institute of Physics as American National Standards after approval by their respective Stan- dards Committees and the American National Standar
11、ds Institute. These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees, operating in accordance with pro- cedures approved byAmerican N
12、ational Standards Institute (ANSI), is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards
13、have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially con- cerned with its sco
14、pe and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, directly and materially affected interests have reached substantial agreement. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that
15、 all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, mark
16、eting, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This Technical Report may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffi rm, revise, or withdr
17、aw this Technical Report. Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Telefax: 1 (631) 390-0217 2002 by Acoustical Society of America. This technical report may not be reproduced in whole or in part in an
18、y form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the CopyrightAct of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. Copyright Acous
19、tical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/18/2007 02:52:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Contents Page Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv 0Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1Scope, purpose, and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1.1Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1.2Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2Related general publications on bubble detection and cavitation monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 3 Defi nitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 4Techniques for bubble detection and size determination. . . . . . . .3 4.1Sound scattering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . .3 4.2Pulse-echo ultrasound imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 4.3Doppler techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 4.4Acoustic resonator (bubble spectrometer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . .12 4.5Transmission loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 4.6Sound speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 4.7Second harmonic (resonant bubble detector; RBD). . . . . . . . . . . .20 4.8T
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- ASA S1 24 TR 2002 R2007
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