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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1761:1951 Specification for Single bucket excavators of the crawler-mounted friction-driven type Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1761:1951 This British Standard, having been approved by the Mechanical E
2、ngineering Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of the Engineering Divisional Council, was published under the authority of the General Council on 5 September 1951 BSI 12-1999 ISBN 0 580 02000 2 Co-operating organizations The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee u
3、nder whose supervision this British Standard was prepared consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Admiralty*Institute of Petroleum Air MinistryInstitution of Civil Engineers* Associated Offices Technical Committee*Institution
4、 of Gas Engineers Association of Consulting EngineersInstitution of Heating and Ventilating (Incorporated)*Engineers British Chemical Plant ManufacturersInstitution of Mechanical Engineers* AssociationInstitution of Mechanical Engineers British Compressed Air Society(Automobile Division) British Ele
5、ctrical and Allied ManufacturersInstitution of Production Engineers* Association*Locomotive Manufacturers Association British Engineers AssociationMachine Tool Trades Association British Internal Combustion EngineMinistry of Fuel and Power* Manufacturers AssociationMinistry of Labour and National Se
6、rvice British Iron and Steel Federation*(Factory Department)* British Railways, The Railway Executive*Ministry of Supply* Crown Agents for the Colonies*Ministry of Transport* Department of Scientific and IndustrialMinistry of Works ResearchOffice of the High Commissioner for India Engineering Equipm
7、ent Users AssociationWar Office* Institute of Marine Engineers The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this standard: As
8、sociation of Crane MakersExcavator Manufacturers Association Ballast, Sand and Allied Trades AssociationFederation of Civil Engineering Contractors British Constructional Steelwork AssociationInstitution of Engineering Inspection Cable Makers AssociationInstitution of Structural Engineers Dock and H
9、arbour Authorities AssociationMinistry of Agriculture and Fisheries Engineering and Allied Employers NationalNational Federation of Building Trades FederationEmployers Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:34 GMT+00:00 2
10、006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1761:1951 BSI 12-1999i Contents Page Co-operating organizationsInside front cover Forewordiii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Information to be supplied with inquiry or order4 4Information to be supplied by the manufacturer4 5Compliance with statutory requirements4 6Power u
11、nit4 7Service conditions5 8Materials5 9Factor of safety5 10“Front end” equipment5 11Standard jib length6 12Crawler bearing length6 13Face shovel working range6 14Forward stability6 15Backward stability10 16Lifting capacity and load indicator10 17Slewing11 18Structure11 19Struts, including jibs11 20W
12、orking stress in finished precision bolts and set screws used in the excavator structure and machinery11 21Working stresses in rivets used in the structure11 22Rotating rollers11 23Mats12 24Splices12 25Welding12 26Travelling on a gradient12 27Steering12 28Controls12 29Guarding14 30Travelling and sle
13、wing14 31Rotating and fixed shafts and axles14 32Keys, keyways and splines14 33Gearing and pawls15 34Driving clutches and brakes15 35Wire ropes15 36Rope drums16 37Rope pulleys16 38Pulley and drum grooves16 39Angle of lead17 40Lifting hooks17 41Shackles17 42Lubrication17 43Electrical cables for power
14、 circuits17 44Instruction book17 45Drivers cab17 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1761:1951 ii BSI 12-1999 Page 46Testing18 47Painting18 48Identification18 Appendix A Information recommended to be supplied with inquiry or o
15、rder33 Appendix B Information to be supplied by manufacturer33 Appendix C Acts, regulations and orders affecting excavators in the United Kingdom34 Appendix D Maximum permissible stresses in fastenings35 Appendix E List of British Standards applicable to materials to be used in the manufacture of ex
16、cavators35 Appendix F Design of struts36 Appendix G Capacity rating of buckets39 Chart 1 Values of maximum permissible axial stresses, Fa40 Chart 2 Values of Fbc41 Chart 3 Values of K for steel complying with BS 15 and Grade 15 steel tubes complying with BS 17751)42 Chart 4 Values of K for steel com
17、plying with BS 54843 Chart 5 Values of K for steel complying with BS 968 and Grade 20 steel tubes complying with BS 17751)44 Figure 1 Face shovel1 Figure 2 Dragline1 Figure 3 Drag shovel1 Figure 4 Skimmer2 Figure 5 Grabbing crane2 Figure 6 Crane2 Figure 7 Pile driver2 Figure 88 Figure 99 Figure 1010
18、 Figure 11 Face shovel: dimensions and working ranges19 Figure 12 Dragline: dimensions and working ranges21 Figure 13 Drag shovel: dimensions and working ranges23 Figure 14 Skimmer: dimensions and working ranges25 Figure 15 Grabbing crane: dimensions and working ranges27 Figure 16 Lifting crane: dim
19、ensions and working ranges29 Figure 17 Pile driver: dimensions and working ranges31 Table 1 Controls13 1) BS 1775, “Steel tubes for mechanical, structural and general engineering purposes.” Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
20、1761:1951 BSI 12-1999iii Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 7, Rubber-insulated cables and flexible cords. BS 46, Keys and keyways and coned shaft ends. BS 168, Industrial electric motors and generators. BS 302, Round strand steel wire ropes for cranes. BS
21、436, Machine cut gears. A. Helical and straight spur. BS 545, Machine cut gears. B. Bevel (with helical, curved and straight teeth). BS 591, Wrought iron and mild steel hooks of the “C” or Liverpool type. BS 621, Wire ropes of special construction for engineering purposes, inclusive of cranes, lifts
22、 and excavators. BS 649, Internal combustion engines for stationary and industrial purposes and auxiliary purposes on shipboard, excluding carburettor-type engines. BS 693, Oxy-acetylene welding in mild steel. BS 721, Machine cut gears. C. Worm gearing. BS 765, Internal combustion engines, carburett
23、or-type, excluding aero-engines. BS 825, Mild steel shackles for lifting purposes. BS 938, Metal arc welding as applied to tubular steel structural members. BS 980, Steel tubes for automobile purposes. BS 1083, Precision hexagon bolts, screws, nuts (B.S.W. and B.S.F. threads) and plain washers. BS 1
24、116, Flexible trailing cables for quarries and metalliferous mines. BS 1775, Steel tubes for mechanical, structural and general engineering purposes. BS 1856, General requirements for the metal arc welding of mild steel. NOTEAttention is also drawn to the list of British Standards given in Appendix
25、E. The object of this specification is to secure the general observance of such fundamental principles as appear desirable to ensure reliability and safety without restricting the excavator manufacturer in his selection of the most appropriate design for the purpose in view. The specification gives
26、the minimum requirements for single bucket excavators of the sizes enumerated. It should be noted that the factor of safety for excavators is arrived at on a basis different from that used in the crane standards. In this case the factor is related to the maximum engine output and not to the maximum
27、working load, and the use of the machine as a crane is limited by stability conditions. The appendix dealing with the design of struts has been prepared to follow the general method of application of the Perry-Robertson formula adopted in other British Standards. A British Standard does not purport
28、to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover
29、, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 44 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Unco
30、ntrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1761:1951 BSI 12-19991 1 Scope This British Standard applies to single bucket excavators of all sizes up to 21/2cu. yd. bucket capacity, in which the various
31、motions are controlled through friction clutches from a single power unit. The shovel capacity ratings, in cubic yards, of the excavators covered by this standard are as follows: 1/4,3/8,1/2,5/8,3/4, 1, 11/4, 11/2, 13/4, 2 and 21/2cu. yd. The types of equipment dealt with are as shown in Figure 1Fig
32、ure 7. 2 Definitions 2.1 face shovel an excavator with the type of “front end” equipment shown in Figure 11, p. 19 2.2 dragline an excavator with the type of “front end” equipment shown in Figure 12, p. 21 Figure 1 Face shovel Figure 2 Dragline Figure 3 Drag shovel Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffie
33、ldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1761:1951 2 BSI 12-1999 Figure 4 Skimmer Figure 5 Grabbing crane Figure 6 Crane Figure 7 Pile driver Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1761:1951 BSI
34、 12-19993 2.3 drag shovel an excavator with the type of “front end” equipment shown in Figure 13, p. 23, usually employed for trench cutting 2.4 skimmer an excavator with the type of “front end” equipment shown in Figure 14, p. 25 2.5 grabbing crane a machine with the type of “front end” equipment s
35、hown in Figure 15, p. 27, and operated by one or two ropes 2.6 lifting crane a machine of the type shown in Figure 16, p. 29, operated by a single or multi-part rope 2.7 pile driver an excavator with the type of “front end” equipment shown in Figure 17, p. 31 2.8 crawlers the self-laying tracks and
36、associated mechanisms assembled in frames as units 2.9 governed engine speed the speed at which an engine operates to give full load for a particular governor setting 2.10 single rope pull the pull at the mean rope centres on the drum, calculated from the horse power available, as defined in Clause
37、6 a) 2.11 rope speed the speed in feet per minute of a single rope as defined above 2.12 working radius the horizontal distance measured from the axis of rotation of the machine to a vertical line through the centre of gravity of the suspended load, when the machine is standing on a level surface 2.
38、13 “front end” equipment all fittings and attachments from, and including, the jib or boom footpin(s), together with any extra fittings that may be required on the revolving frame to operate such equipment 2.14 jib or boom the main member of the “front end” equipment extending from the pins or socke
39、ts provided on the rotating frame 2.15 jib or boom length the axial distance between the centres of the footpin(s) and the hoist or head pulleys Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:53:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1761:1951 4 BSI 12-1999 2.16 jib or boom angl
40、e (!) the angle between the horizontal line and the straight line drawn between the centres of the boom socket or boom footpin and the centres of the hoist or head pulley pin 2.17 bucket the digging and carrying part of the excavator 2.18 shovel crowding and retracting the act of moving the bucket a
41、nd the bucket arm outwards and inwards 2.19 shovel bail the member sometimes used to attach the bail block or hoisting rope to the bucket (see Figure 11, p. 19) 2.20 bail block the sheave and its housing by which the hoisting rope is connected to the bucket either directly or through a bail 2.21 rat
42、ed capacity of bucket the “struck” capacity, without taking into account any material adhering to the projecting parts of the teeth for dragline buckets, see Appendix G 3 Information to be supplied with inquiry or order All information regarding the conditions under which the machine is to be used,
43、together with the particulars given in Appendix A, so far as they apply, should be supplied with the inquiry or order. 4 Information to be supplied by the manufacturer The manufacturer shall supply with the tender the information enumerated in Appendix B. 5 Compliance with statutory requirements The
44、 purchaser shall, at the time of the inquiry or order, disclose to the manufacturer any statutory requirements to which the machine will be subject when in use and which are intended to ensure its safe working, and the machine shall be so constructed as to comply with these requirements. A list of s
45、tatutory provisions affecting excavators and cranes to be operated in Great Britain is given in Appendix C. 6 Power unit a) Engine H.P. The engine horse power shall be the brake horse power that can be carried for one hour at the rated governed speed provided that this output does not exceed 110 per
46、 cent of the 12-hour rated working load as defined in BS 649, “Reciprocating internal combustion engines for marine auxiliary and land service (excluding carburettor type),” or BS 765, “Internal combustion engines, carburettor type, excluding aeroengines.” If the engine is required to work under tro
47、pical conditions this shall be stated by the purchaser at the time of the inquiry or order. It is recommended that starters should be fitted to power units of 30 h.p. and over. b) Electric motor. When an electric motor is fitted it shall have a maximum torque (assuming equal prime mover speeds) of a
48、bout 5 per cent above the engine maximum torque, provision being made for the peak load voltage drop normally met in practice on excavator installations. Any motor fitted shall comply with BS 168, “Industrial electric motors and generators.” Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:
49、53:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1761:1951 BSI 12-19995 7 Service conditions a) Excavator. The machine, when equipped as an excavator, shall be deemed to be working under service conditions when it is: i) Performing a working cycle, namely: A. digging with maximum effort without stalling the power unit. B. hoisting and slewing simultaneously to the dump position. C. returning to the digging position. ii) Travelling limited distances, including frequent steering (see Clauses 26 and 27). b) Cra
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