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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 185-8: 1970 Glossary of Aeronautical and astronautical terms Section 8: Power plant UDC 001.4:629.7.064:621.4 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-8:1970 This British Standard, having been approved by th
2、e Aerospace Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board of the Institution on 21 July 1970 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/1 Draft for comment 67/28248 ISBN 580 06441 7 A British Standard
3、 does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an
4、inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 17 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed
5、 Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-8:1970 BSI 12-1999i Contents Page Section 8. Power plant1 Subsection 81. Main classes of engine1 Subsection 82. General1 Subsection 83. Piston engines6 Subsection 84. Gas turbines and jet propul
6、sion11 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-8:1970 BSI 12-19991 (Notes on the arrangement and scope of the
7、glossary are contained in the Foreword to Section 1.) Section 8. Power plant Subsection 81. Main classes of engine No.TermDefinition 8101composite engineA combination of two engines of basically different thermodynamic cycles, such as a piston-turbine engine combination. Not to be confused with the
8、general engineering term “compound engine”. 8102gas-turbine engineAn engine in which the working fluid is heated by internal combustion and expanded through a turbine. 8103lift engineAn engine used primarily to provide lifting force on a VTOL or STOL aircraft. 8104piston engine RECIPROCATING ENGINE
9、An engine in which the working fluid is expanded in a cylinder against a reciprocating piston. 8105ramjet engine AEROTHERMODYNAMIC DUCT (ATHODYD) An engine producing a jet by burning fuel in air which has been compressed, by forward speed alone, in an appropriately shaped duct and expanded in a nozz
10、le. 8106rocket ramjetA ramjet engine having a rocket attached to it, usually mounted concentrically within the ramjet duct, the rocket being used to bring the vehicle up to the necessary operating speed for the ramjet. 8107rocket motorA device for producing thrust by the ejection of matter, usually
11、in gaseous form, the thrust being generated from propellant carried in the system. 8108vectored thrust engineAn engine in which the direction of thrust can be continuously varied. Subsection 82. General A. Miscellaneous terms NOTENumbering of engines. The method of numbering engines is specified in
12、British Standard M. , “Methods of numbering propulsion units and describing their direction of rotation” (in course of preparation). 8201accessory gearboxAn engine-driven gearbox for driving accessories. 8202aero-engine AIRCRAFT ENGINE An engine used to provide the main propulsive or lifting power f
13、or an aircraft. 8203auxiliary power unit (APU) An independent engine and ancillary equipment to provide power for auxiliary services. 8204bootstrapApplied to a self-sustaining process which needs to be started in operation by outside power or propellant. 8205consumptionThe total quantity of fuel or
14、oil consumed per hour. 8206specific consumption1. Of engines driving propellers. The quantity of fuel or oil consumed per horsepower per hour. 2. Of jet reaction engines. The weight of propellant or fuel consumed per pound of thrust per hour. 8207contingency ratingA special rating for power or thrus
15、t usable in emergency for particular classes of aircraft or conditions of flight. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-8:1970 2 BSI 12-1999 No.TermDefinition cooling 8208film coolingEvaporative cooling of the inner wall of
16、a combustion chamber or other surface by a coolant injected adjacent to the surface. 8209regenerative coolingThe process of cooling by the circulation of fuel or oxidant, enabling some heat, otherwise wasted, to be recovered. 8210sweat cooling TRANSPIRATION COOLING Evaporative cooling in which the c
17、ooling liquid passes through a porous wall and is thereby distributed evenly over the surface to be cooled. 8211cowl flapA shutter in an aircraft engine cowling, used to regulate the flow of cooling air around the engine. 8212cowlingA cover surrounding the whole or part of a power unit when installe
18、d in an aircraft. 8213non-pressure cowling SEALED COWLING A cowling designed to prevent entry of surrounding air into the engine nacelle. 8214pressure cowling UNSEALED COWLING A cowling in which the pressure of the air is increased, either by ram effect or by a fan. 8215engine ratingA statement of t
19、he specified minimum output (horsepower or thrust) under prescribed conditions and for a prescribed period. 8216intermediate ratingThe highest of an engine which may be used for 30 minutes in each flight. 8217maximum continuous rating The static jet thrust (total equivalent brake horsepower) develop
20、ed in the maximum engine operating conditions approved for use during periods of unrestricted duration. 8218maximum ratingThe highest rating of an engine which may be used for a limited period in each flight. 8219flame frontThe boundary of a burning zone in a combustible mixture. 8220flame holder FL
21、AME STABILIZER A device inserted in a moving fuel-air mixture, designed to stabilize a flame. 8221height power factorThe ratio of the power or thrust developed at a specified altitude to that which would be developed at standard sea level. It applies to maximum power or thrust conditions at full thr
22、ottle. 8222paired enginesTwo completely independent engines mounted close together (Cf. 8224.) 8223power unitAn engine or assembly of two or more engines, as fitted into an aircraft, complete with all components and accessories. 8224coupled-engine power unit A power unit containing engines coupled t
23、ogether to drive a common shaft. 8225double-engine power unitA power unit containing two engines driving co-axial propellers. 8226right-hand (or clockwise) accessory An accessory rotating clockwise to an observer facing the driven end, to mate with an anti-clockwise drive. 8227right-hand (or clockwi
24、se) drive A drive rotating clockwise to an observer facing the driving end. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-8:1970 BSI 12-19993 No.TermDefinition weights 8228dry weightThe weight of an engine without liquid, but includ
25、ing all accessories essential to its running and any drives incorporated in it for non-essential accessories. 8229weight per horse powerThe dry weight of an engine divided by its maximum permissible horse power. 8230weight per pound thrustThe dry weight of an engine divided by the maximum permissibl
26、e thrust under standard sea level conditions. B. Lubrication system lubricating oil coolers 8231air-intake oil coolerA cooler incorporated in an air intake. 8232ducted oil coolerA cooler installed in a duct. 8233mixed-matrix oil coolerA cooler compounded with a radiator so that alternate tubes are u
27、sed for coolant and oil. (See also 8384.) 8234multi-element oil coolerA cooler composed of a number of cooling units. 8235series oil coolerA ducted cooler mounted behind a radiator. 8236surface oil coolerA cooler in which some part of the surface of the aircraft is adapted for cooling. 8237tank oil
28、coolerA cooler and oil tank combined. 8238oil control valveAn automatic valve to regulate the performance of an oil cooler, e.g. by-pass, viscosity, thermostatic or anti-surge valve. 8239oil dilution systemA system by which the oil can be diluted to assist cold starting. pipes 8240feed pipesPipes le
29、ading oil from the oil tank to the engine or accessory. 8241scavenge pipesReturn pipes leading oil from the engine or accessory to the oil tank. 8242tank vent pipeA pipe leading from the air-space in an oil tank to the atmosphere or engine casing. pumps 8243pressure pumpA pump which supplies oil und
30、er pressure to the engine or accessory. 8244scavenge pumpA pump which withdraws used oil from the engine or accessory and returns it to the oil tank. C. Fuel system 8245avcataAn aviation turbine fuel of the kerosene type with a high flashpoint. 8246avgasAn aviation gasoline. 8247avtagAn aviation tur
31、bine wide cut gasoline. 8248avturaAn aviation turbine fuel of the kerosene type. a The addition of a figure after the term avcat or avtur gives an indication of the maximum freezing point, e.g. avcat/40 is an avcat which has a freezing point not higher than 40 C. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffield
32、un, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-8:1970 4 BSI 12-1999 No.TermDefinition 8249booster pumpA fuel pump used to maintain positive pressure in a feed pipe. 8250float mechanismA float-operated mechanism for control of a valve located in a fuel system. 8251fluid
33、 level indicatorA device which gives a remote indication of the level of the fuel in a tank of an aircraft. 8252fuel-jettison gearGear for the rapid discharge of fuel in emergency. fuel tanks 8253auxiliary tankA removable tank in which an additional supply of fuel can be carried. 8254drop tankAn ext
34、ernal tank designed to be dropped in flight when empty. (Cf. 8257.) 8255gravity tankA tank from which the engine is supplied by gravity alone. 8256integral tankPart of the structure of the aircraft adapted to form a tank. 8257jettisonable tankA tank which can be jettisoned in emergency. (Cf. 8254.)
35、8258semi-integral tankA detachable tank which forms part of the aircraft structure when in place. 8259inverted flight switchA mechanically operated switch which breaks the circuit to a fuel-no-air valve or similar component to interrupt fuel flow from tank to engine during inverted flight. 8260recup
36、eratorA vessel in which fuel is stored so as to meet negative acceleration conditions, the fuel being fed into the engine by application of air pressure. 8261sloshingMovement to-and-fro of liquid in its tank, which may adversely affect stability and control in a vehicle. valves 8262double shut-off v
37、alveA valve incorporating two separate and independently controlled shut-off devices so that if one fails to operate the other shuts off the flow. 8263fuel-no-air valveA device which ensures that, when an engine receives fuel from a pressurized tank, fuel only is admitted to the fuel inlet of the en
38、gine, regardless of the attitude of the aircraft, air or other gases used for pressurizing being excluded. 8264jettison valveA valve which permits the discharge of fuel overboard in emergency. 8265pressure maintaining valve A valve which maintains a particular pressure in part of the system for some
39、 special purpose. 8266transfer valveA valve which enables fuel to be transferred from one tank to another, particularly during flight. Usually so arranged that, when the fuel in a tank falls below a predetermined level, the valve opens and admits fuel from another tank. 8267undirectional restrictor
40、valve A valve which permits free flow in one direction but restricts flow in the reverse direction. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-8:1970 BSI 12-19995 No.TermDefinition D. Air intakes and guards air intakes 8268centre
41、-body intakeAn air intake whose air duct is formed between an outer skin and an inner member known as the centre body, which may be axially movable. 8269external compression intake An air intake for supersonic operation in which the greater part of the compression occurs in one or more shocks at and
42、 upstream of the intake lip. 8270internal compression intake An air intake for supersonic operation in which the greater part of the compression occurs in one or more shocks within the intake. 8271multi-shock intakeAn air intake for supersonic operation in which compression occurs in a number of sho
43、cks. 8272non-ramming intakeAn air intake in which the effect of forward speed on intake air pressure is neutralized. 8273ramming intakeAn air intake directed forward to increase the intake air pressure. 8274single shock intakeAn air intake for supersonic operation in which compression occurs in only
44、 one shock. 8275variable geometry intakeAn air intake whose area or shape can be varied in flight. 8276wedge intakeA variable geometry intake, usually of rectangular form, whose area and shape are defined by the position of one or more variable ramps. 8277air-intake casingA casing through which the
45、air is admitted to the engine. filters 8278air filter AIR CLEANER An assembly of filter elements in the air intake. 8279filter elementA replaceable component for removing entrained particles from a fluid stream. 8280dry-type filter elementA filter element in an air filter, in which the filtration is
46、 effected by a dry matrix. 8281wet-type filter elementA filter element in an air filter, in which the filtration is effected by a liquid film. 8282momentum separationThe removal of entrained particles from the air stream by utilizing their momentum. guards 8283ice guardA screen fitted to an intake t
47、o provide a surface for the adhesion of ice and so prevent its serious accretion in the air intake system. 8284gapless-type ice guardAn ice guard fitted in the intake mouth, used in conjunction with an automatic alternative air inlet. 8285gapped-type ice guardAn ice guard mounted forward of the air
48、intake entry to provide a gap which does not ice up. 8286intake air heaterA device for raising the temperature of the intake air entering the engine. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-8:1970 6 BSI 12-1999 No.TermDefiniti
49、on 8287plenum chamberA chamber, usually fed from a ramming intake, supplying air to the engine or for other purposes. E. Engine starters 8288cartridge starterA device in which the gases generated in a cartridge are used to rotate an engine for starting. The cartridge may contain an explosive charge, compressed gas or volatile liquid. 8289combustion starterA device in which the hot gases from the combustion of fuel are used to rotate an engine for starting, either directly or by coupling on to a shaft. 8290compressed-air starter PNEUMATIC STARTER A device for starting an en
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