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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3648:1963 Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 and 2 Specification for Cycle rear lamps Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 05:50:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3648:1963 This British Standard, having been approved by the Automobile Engineering Indu
2、stry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of the Engineering Divisional Council, was published under the authority of the General Council on 9 September 1963 BSI 02-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference AUE/1 Draft for comment D62/4662
3、 ISBN 0 580 35806 2 Co-operating organizations The Automobile Engineering Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: British Road Services
4、 D.S.I.R. Road Research Laboratory* Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Automobile Division) Ministry of Transport* Municipal Passenger Transport Association (Incorporated) Public Transport Association (Incorporated) Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, Lt
5、d.* War Office The Government departments and industrial organization marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the Committee entrusted with the preparation of this standard: Association of Dry Battery Manufacturers British Cycle and Motor C
6、ycle Industries Association, Ltd. British Plastics Federation Cyclists Touring Club Electric Lamp Industry Council Glass Manufacturers Federation Illuminating Engineering Society National Physical Laboratory (D.S.I.R.) Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Amendments issued since publication
7、 Amd. No.Date of issueComments 6137May 1967 4753January 1985Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 05:50:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3648:1963 BSI 02-2000i Contents Page Co-operating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii
8、 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Components to be specified1 4Luminous intensity1 5Maintenance of luminous intensity of a battery operated lamp2 6Dynamo lamp: provision of luminous flux at 9 mile/h road speed2 7Lens3 8Filament lamp3 9Switch performance3 10Vibration resistance3 11Moisture resistance4 12Dust r
9、esistance5 13Corrosion resistance5 14Oil resistance5 15Tests5 16Marking5 17Instructions6 Appendix A Rear lamp photometer7 Appendix B Recommended combinations of filament lamps and power sources8 Figure 1 Vibration-test machine4 Figure 2 Optical layout of rear lamp photometer7 Table 1 Minimum luminou
10、s intensities2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 05:50:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3648:1963 ii BSI 02-2000 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 12, Portland cement (ordinary and rapid hardening). BS 397, Primary cell
11、s and batteries. BS 941, Filament lamps for automobiles and cycles. BS 1224, Electroplated coatings of nickel and chromium. In response to a request from the Ministry of Transport for the preparation of a British Standard for vehicle rear lamps to which the regulations made under the Road Transport
12、Lighting Acts could refer, BS 25161) was prepared and published in 1954. In the preparation and during the operation of this standard it has become clear that pedal cycle rear lamps are a special case, owing to the nature of the sources of power and the special needs for a vehicle moving more slowly
13、 than the general traffic stream. At the same time the rider is more vulnerable in the event of an accident. Accordingly, a separate standard has been prepared specifically to deal with this subject. The specification requires that battery lamps now provide the requisite luminous intensity for a min
14、imum period from a battery. Dynamo sets must provide the requisite luminous intensity when the speed of the cycle is 9 mile/h (14.5 km/h). Certain combinations of existing batteries and filament lamps are known to enable luminous intensity and life requirements to be met. These are listed in Appendi
15、x B. The use of these combinations is not mandatory for compliance with the standard. The Committee preparing this standard considered making it so, but it was felt that the other provisions were adequate without restricting possible developments of design. NOTE 1Where metric equivalents are stated,
16、 the figures in British units are to be regarded as standard. The metric conversions are approximate. More accurate conversions should be base on the tables in BS 350, “Conversion factors and tables”. NOTE 2In place of the customary, but incorrect, use of the pound and kilogramme as units of force,
17、the units called pound-force (abbreviation lbf) and kilogramme-force (abbreviation kgf) have been used in this standard. These are forces which, when acting on a body of mass one pound, or kilogramme respectively, give it an acceleration equal to that of standard gravity. A British Standard does not
18、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fr
19、ont cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) BS 2516:1954, “Tail lights for vehicles including
20、cycles”. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 05:50:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3648:1963 BSI 02-20001 1 Scope This British Standard is concerned with requirements for electric rear lamps for pedal cycles, viz. the colour of the light, its intensity at various
21、angles, switch performance, resistance to vibration, corrosion, dust, oil and the penetration of moisture. For primary cell battery lamps a minimum period is specified during which the luminous intensities from the same battery must not fall below stated values. Combinations of filament lamps and ba
22、tteries are given which are known to be capable of meeting the requirements when used in conjunction with a suitable optical system. For secondary (rechargeable) cell battery lamps, a test method and requirements are specified concerning the duration for which the luminous intensities are maintained
23、 before recharging is necessary, and the instructions for use and maintenance. 2 Definitions For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply: rear lamp a lamp which denotes the rear of a cycle by emission of red warning light. It usually consists of a body, a lens of red transparen
24、t material, a light source with a reflector and may include a switch. In many cases, the energy supply for the light source is incorporated within the body. In such cases, this supply is regarded as part of the lamp sample unit a rear lamp, as used, including energy supply (e.g. battery or dynamo) a
25、nd switch if appropriate, submitted to the tests of this standard rear lamp axis a line through the lamp which, when the lamp is mounted in its intended orientation on the cycle, is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cycle and passes through the centre of the light source system a system compr
26、ises front lamp, rear lamp, battery and/or dynamo, and interconnecting cable 3 Components to be specified The maker of a battery-operated rear lamp shall declare the battery or batteries with which it is designed to be used and the filament lamp appropriate to each battery. For dynamo lamps a filame
27、nt lamp shall be declared with which the luminous intensity requirement can be met for a given minimum road speed. Any additional load (e.g. front lamp), which is normally connected to the power supply, shall also be declared. 4 Luminous intensity The observed values in candelas shall be not less th
28、an those shown in Table 1 within the solid angle defined by planes joining test points at which equal intensities are required. These shall be achieved, in the case of a battery lamp, with the voltage measured at the end of the test given in 5.1 or 5.3, as relevant, and in the case of a dynamo lamp,
29、 with 1.5 lumens output from the filament lamp. In defining angles the geometric centre of the incandescent filament shall be taken as the light source. In locating the test points, the following nomenclature shall apply. The line formed by the intersection of a vertical plane through the filament o
30、f the filament lamp with the test screen is designated “V”. The line formed by the intersection of a horizontal plane through the filament of the filament lamp with the test screen is designated “H”. The point of intersection of these two lines is designated “H-V”. The rear lamp axis shall pass thro
31、ugh H-V. The other points on the screen are designated by similar symbols to indicate the number of degrees of arc above or below H and the number of degrees of arc to the left and to the right of V when the screen is viewed from the position of the rear lamp. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun,
32、 na, Wed Nov 29 05:50:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3648:1963 2 BSI 02-2000 For example, 10 U-V is a point 10 vertically above H-V, and H-90L is a point 90 horizontally to the left of H-V. Information on a suitable apparatus for making photometric measurements is given in Appendix
33、 A. Table 1 Minimum luminous intensities 5 Maintenance of luminous intensity of a battery operated lamp 5.1 Test method for primary cells. The sample unit or system shall be operated on full load for 30 minutes continuously, once per day for 5 consecutive days per week. After 4 weeks (10 hours use)
34、of such operation the on-load voltage delivered by the battery to the filament lamp shall be measured. At the commencement of these tests the batteries shall be within 4 weeks of their date of manufacture. The tests shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of 20 2 C and at a relative humidity
35、of 60 15 per cent. 5.2 Primary cell battery lamp. After being subjected to the test in 5.1, the rear lamp shall meet the luminous intensity requirements given in Table 1, when the final measured voltage is applied to the lamp, or, if the lamp is part of a system, to the system. 5.3 Test method for s
36、econdary (rechargeable) cells NOTE 1The term “battery” applies to a single or multiple cell. NOTE 2Where the unit is part of a system, for “unit” read “system”. Operate the unit to discharge the battery fully. Recharge the battery in accordance with the instructions supplied with the unit. Leave the
37、 unit for 24 to 30 hours in a temperature of 20 2 C. Operate the unit for the full period claimed by the manufacturer, as marked on the unit see 16 d), in an ambient temperature of 20 2 C. Measure the on-load voltage at the end of this period. 5.4 Secondary cell battery lamp. After being subjected t
38、o the test in 5.3 the rear lamp shall meet the luminous intensity requirements given in Table 1, when the final measured voltage is applied to the lamp, or, if the lamp is part of a system, to the system. 6 Dynamo lamp: provision of luminous flux at 9 mile/h (14.5 km/h) road speed The dynamo, carryi
39、ng the full electrical load (normally the front and rear lamps) specified by the maker, shall cause the filament lamp to radiate a minimum of 1 lumens at road speeds of 9 miles per hour (14.5 kilometres per hour) and above. Test points Intensity in candelas VerticalHorizontal 10UV0.1 5UV0.15 90L 20L
40、 10L 0.01 0.1 0.15 HV 10R 20R 90R 0.25 0.15 0.1 0.01 5DV0.15 10DV0.1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 05:50:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3648:1963 BSI 02-20003 7 Lens a) Colour. Using a source of light approximating to illuminant A2), the chromaticity co-ord
41、inates2) of the red light emitted shall be within the following limits: b) Colour fastness. An adequately colour-fast material shall be used for the lens. 8 Filament lamp The filament lamp specified for use in a rear lamp shall comply with BS 9413) and shall permit compliance with Clause 4 and with
42、Clause 5 or 6, as appropriate. Suitable filament lamps are listed in Appendix B. 9 Switch performance The action of the switch shall be positive. The ON and OFF positions shall be definite. Operation of the switch shall not cause battery movement. The lamp shall show no visible evidence of flickerin
43、g when switched to either the ON or OFF position, or, in the case of a screw type switch, when the switch is fully in or out. Sample switches shall be tested by making and breaking the circuit 5 000 times under normal operating conditions. If the battery should fail (e.g. by breakage of the contact
44、strip) it shall be replaced and the test continued. To comply with this standard the switch performance as specified above shall be unimpaired after test. 10 Vibration resistance A sample unit shall be mounted on a suitable support and bolted to a vibration test machine in a position as nearly as po
45、ssible similar to its normal operating position. It shall be vibrated approximately 750 cycles per minute through a distance of 1/8 in (3.2 mm) for one hour. The table of the vibration test machine shall be spring mounted at one end and fitted with steel caulks on the underside of the other end. The
46、se caulks shall make contact with a steel anvil once during each cycle at the completion of the fall of the table, which shall be operated under a spring tension of 6070 lbf (2732 kgf). A suitable vibration test machine is shown in Figure 1. 2) Illuminant A is defined in the International Commission
47、 on Illumination (CIE) Publication CIE No 15; chromaticity co-ordinates are defined in CIE No 2.2. Towards yellow, y 0.335 Towards purple, z 0.008 3) BS 941, “Filament lamps for automobiles and cycles”. Cam-profile radiia PointRad.PointRad.PointRad.PointRad.PointRad. ininininin 10.562 550.584 090.63
48、2 0130.680 0170.728 0 20.562 560.596 0100.644 0140.692 0180.740 0 30.565 070.608 0110.656 0150.704 0190.747 0 40.572 080.620 0120.668 0160.716 0200.750 0 a The cam width is to be between in and 1 in. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 05:50:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (
49、c) BSI BS 3648:1963 4 BSI 02-2000 After the test the lamp shall be switched on and, to comply with the standard, it shall function correctly and shall not show evidence of material weakness or displacement of parts. Failure of the filament lamp or battery shall not constitute failure of the rear lamp. 11 Moisture resistance A sample unit shall be mounted in its normal operating position with all drain holes (if any) open and subjected to a precipitation of 0.1 in (2.5 mm) of water per minute, directed downwards at an angle of 45 in the
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