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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1133-5: 1985 Packaging code Section 5: Protection against spoilage of packages and their contents by micro-organisms, insects, mites and rodents UDC 621.798:620.197.8 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:56:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 113
2、3-5:1985 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 January 1985 BSI 03-1999 First published December 1943 First revision December 1953
3、Second revision January 1964 Third revision January 1985 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PKM/581 Draft for comment 84/35818 DC ISBN 0 580 14310 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrus
4、ted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/581, upon which the following bodies were represented: Agricultural and Food Research Council British Nonwoven Manufacturers Association British Pest Control Association British Wood Preserving Associa
5、tion Chemical Industries Association Lambeg Industrial Research Association Metal Packaging Manufacturers Association Ministry of Defence Overseas Development Administration, Tropical Development and Research Institute PIRA (The Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing and Packaging In
6、dustries) Transparent Cellulose Wrapping Committee Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:56:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-5:1985 BSI 03-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front
7、 cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Nature of and conditions for spoilage1 4Prevention of spoilage2 Appendix A Guidance on preservatives7 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:56:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-
8、5:1985 ii BSI 03-1999 Foreword BS 1133 was originally issued in December 1943 and was intended primarily to give guidance on the packaging of Service and other Government supplies. In practice, however, the Code was used not only by Government departments and contractors, but also by civilian packer
9、s and accordingly it was later amended to suit commercial requirements. The Parts were then issued separately and this Section was published in 1951. Developments in packaging materials and methods led to revisions in 1953 and 1964 and a further revision is now considered desirable. The present Sect
10、ion sets out in some detail the factors to be taken into consideration, in connection both with transport and storage conditions and also protective treatments which may be necessary. This edition of this code supersedes BS 1133-5:1964, which is now withdrawn. Packaged goods and their containers are
11、 liable to attack by micro-organisms, insects, mites and rodents. Foodstuffs and textiles are the products most likely to suffer such attack with consequent deterioration. Damage to other products includes the infestation and decay of wood, rotting of paper, moulding of leather, disintegration of la
12、minated materials, etching of optical glass, and discolouration and staining of many kinds of materials. No attempt has been made to detail techniques for the protection of particular commodities since the many problems involved are too specialized and are best dealt with individually. The appropria
13、te method of preventing attack will depend on the anticipated environment, and also on the susceptibility of the package and its contents to spoilage. While the treatment of the commodity may not be the direct concern of the packer it will influence what forms of protection may subsequently be requi
14、red. As it is not possible to specify in detail the most satisfactory method for every set of circumstances the Section gives general guidance and indicates when expert advice should be sought. The packaging code now consists of the following Sections all of which are published separately with the e
15、xception of Sections 1-3 which are published in one volume. Sections 1-3. Introduction to packaging. Section 1 gives general guidance on the choice of containers, precautions to be taken in packaging and choice of packaging methods, and notes relating to physical and statutory limitations, and packi
16、ng bay conditions. Section 2 gives guidance regarding the storage of packaging materials and deals with covered and open storage, weight limitations, fire hazards, dangerous goods and inspection. Section 3 gives guidance on the addressing, marking and labelling of containers. Section 4. Mechanical a
17、ids in package handling. Describes briefly the many types of mechanical handling equipment suitable for the moving of packaging materials and filled packages in factories and warehouses. Also gives notes to assist users in selecting equipment and using it to the best advantage. Section 6. Temporary
18、protection of metal surfaces against corrosion during transportation and storage. Gives guidance on the cleaning and drying of metal surfaces prior to the application of temporary (i.e. easily removable) protectives against corrosion and on the selection and application of the protectives. Performan
19、ce specifications are included for eight types of protectives together with methods of test. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:56:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-5:1985 BSI 03-1999iii Section 7. Paper and board wrappers, bags and containers. Gives genera
20、l guidance in the use of paper and board in the following forms: wrapping papers, waxed paper, greaseproof paper, glassine, vegetable parchment, waterproof paper, wet strength paper, bags, envelopes, multi-wall sacks, liners and linings, paper-board cartons and boxes, moulded pulp and fibreboard cas
21、es and drums. Methods of test are also given. Section 7:Chapter 7.5. Fibreboard cases. Gives guidance on materials, types of case, internal fitments, closing and sealing, and uses. Section 8. Wooden containers. Gives general information regarding the styles, design and contruction of large and small
22、 framed wooden cases, nailed wooden cases, wire-bound wooden boxes, plywood cases of battened and metal edged construction, plywood postal type boxes, wooden casks, plywood barrels, wooden crates, metallined cases and closures for returnable cases. Section 9. Textile bags, sacks and wrappings. Descr
23、ibes and defines materials and methods of stitching and closing jute bags. Cotton bags are also dealt with. Methods of baling and the jute materials to be used are described and typical specifications are given. Section 10. Metal containers. Gives descriptions of the materials and construction for t
24、ins and cans, drums, crates, hampers and trays, collapsible tubes and composites. Includes many illustrations of types of containers and their closures. For tins and cans it also describes decoration, testing, filling and closing. For collapsible tubes, it covers styles, decoration, filling and pack
25、aging for transport. Section 11. Packaging felt. Covers pressed felts and needle-loom felts for cushioning against shock. It describes five types of felt, and methods of proofing. Section 12. Cushioning materials (excluding packaging felt). Deals with protection against shock and is concerned with t
26、he physical properties of the materials used. Basic cushioning theory and suggested cushion design procedures are included. Methods of test for materials are given. Section 13. Twines and cords for packaging. Gives guidance on the types of twine and cords available for packaging and the purposes for
27、 which they may be used. Section 14. Adhesive closing and sealing tapes. Gives general guidance, with illustrations, on the uses and various properties of gummed tape and self adhesive tape available for packaging purposes. Section 15. Tensional strapping. Gives guidance on the use of metallic and n
28、on-metallic tensional strapping for packaging purposes. Section 16. Adhesives for packaging. Describes the characteristics and use of the principal types of adhesive used in packaging. Section 17. Wicker and veneer baskets. Gives general descriptions and definitions relating to wicker baskets, hampe
29、rs and veneer baskets (chips) and punnets. Section 18. Glass containers and closures. Gives general guidance on the types of glass containers available for packaging and describes the factors to be considered when ordering or using them. Details of the various forms of closures are also given. Secti
30、on 18:Subsection 1. Terminology. Gives definitions of terms used for glass containers and closures. Section 19. Use of desiccants in packaging. Gives guidance on the use of desiccated packages, the factors governing the choice of desiccant, determination of quantity of desiccant and general consider
31、ations affecting this method of packaging. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:56:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-5:1985 iv BSI 03-1999 Section 21. Regenerated cellulose film, plastics film, aluminium foil and flexible laminates. Gives general information
32、and guidance on the manufacture, properties and uses of various forms of these four types of material. Section 22. Packaging in plastics containers. Describes the properties and characteristics of the various materials from which containers, ranging in size from squeeze tubes and bottles to drums, a
33、re made. The principal manufacturing processes employed and the uses of the containers are given. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard do
34、es not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. Th
35、is will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:56:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-5:1985 BSI 03-19991 1 Scope The object of this Section of BS 1133 is to assist packers to take reasonable precauti
36、ons to protect packages and their contents from attack from micro-organisms (e.g. fungi, bacteria, yeasts) insects, mites and rodents. NOTEThe titles of publications referred to in this Section of BS 1133 are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Section of BS 1133,
37、 the following definitions apply. 2.1 micro-organisms Minute living organisms capable of growth and multiplication. 2.1.1 fungi multicellular organisms lacking chlorophyll. Moulds are composed of filaments which, when interlaced, may form either a compact or loose wool-like growth. Higher fungi (Bas
38、idiomycetes) are normally only visible as the fruiting body, for example the mushroom 2.1.2 bacteria and yeasts micro-organisms usually consisting of one cell only. As individuals they are microscopic in size but collectively they may become visible to the unaided eye 2.2 insects Six legged inverteb
39、rate animals, mostly with wings, which in the adult stage have bodies clearly divided into three parts; head, thorax and abdomen. Insects develop from eggs and pass through a number of moults, either involving larval (caterpillar, grub or maggot) and pupal (chrysalis) stages, as in beetles, moths an
40、d flies, or nymphal stages where the young resemble the adult, as in cockroaches and crickets. 2.2.1 termites (“white ants”) insects only distantly related to the true ants, from which they differ in structure and life history. They live in large communities made up of individuals of varying form an
41、d function. They are wide-spread in the tropics, but only two species occur in Europe 2.3 mites eight legged invertebrate animals, usually of small size, typically of the order of 0.5 mm long, with no clear division between thorax and abdomen. They are more closely allied to spiders than to insects
42、2.4 rodents gnawing mammals, for example, rats and mice 3 Nature of and conditions for spoilage 3.1 General Packages and their contents are liable to attack and spoilage from a variety of sources in transit and storage. The information given in 3.2 to 3.4 is meant to be informative, offering general
43、 guidance, without attempting to be definitive. 3.2 Spoilage by micro-organisms Moulds and higher fungi, bacteria and yeasts are ubiquitous and their ability to adapt themselves to varied environmental conditions should never be underestimated. Without moisture, the development of micro-organisms ca
44、nnot take place, but they are capable of using atmospheric moisture. They can grow over a wide range of temperatures, some at temperatures of cold storage, others at 60 C or above. The temperature which is optimal for growth of many is about 25 C; however for these significant growth would occur in
45、the temperature range of 10 C to 40 C. They will not generally grow at relative humidities of less than 70 %. Most require oxygen for growth, but some tolerate and others require the absence of oxygen. Their food may be supplied by the packaging material, the contents or by films of dirt or grease t
46、hereon. Packaging materials may become discoloured or stained, but this does not necessarily indicate a reduction of protective properties. More important damage includes penetration into and loss of strength of the packaging materials or their bonding agents, sometimes leading to partial or complet
47、e disintegration. Such damage can lead to a safety hazard to handlers, or to contamination and degradation of the contents, which in turn may result in the production of discolouration, undesirable odours or toxic substances, or encourage attack by insects. 3.3 Spoilage by insects, termites and mite
48、s 3.3.1 The conditions favouring the development of insects, termites and mites vary greatly according to the species concerned. Most insects will not develop satisfactorily at temperatures below 15 C, but some of the important mites will do so. In general, high climatic temperatures are more favour
49、able than low ones, the optima being lower for mites than for insects. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:56:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-5:1985 2 BSI 03-1999 For most insects 70 % to 75 % r.h. is very favourable. Some species are primarily fungus feeders and may require more moist conditions, but many, including some of the important pests of cereal products, will develop and increase at below 50 % r.h. In general, mites are less tolerant of dry conditions than insects but a few species survive and develop at about 60 % r.
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