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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 3159-1:1999 ICS 79.120
2、.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Woodworking saws for hand use Part 1: Specification for hand saws Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:09:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3159-1:1999 This British Standard, having been pr
3、epared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 January 1999 BSI 01-1999 First published 1959 Second edition 1990 Third edition 1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standa
4、rd: Committee reference MTE/15 Draft for comment 97/719522 DC ISBN 0 580 29597 4 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee MTE/15, Hand tools, upon which
5、 the following bodies were represented: British Telecommunications Plc Co-opted Members Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Federation of British Hand Tool Manufacturers Handle Manufacturers Association Home Office Institute of Carpenters Institute of Trading Standards Administration London Borough of
6、Barking and Dagenham Ministry of Defence Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:09:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3159-1:1999 BSI 01-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions1 4Classificati
7、on1 5Material3 6Proportions and finish4 7Classes of saw5 8Marking7 9Tooth edge protection7 10Corrosion protection7 11Performance7 Annex A (normative) Tests8 A.1Bend tests8 A.2Performance test8 Annex B (informative) Notes on safety and safe usage8 Bibliography9 Table 1 Number of points per 25 mm5 Tab
8、le 2 Tooth geometry5 Table 3 Blade thickness5 Figure 1 Nomenclature2 Figure 2 Breasted saw2 Figure 3 Geometry and nomenclature3 Figure 4 Tooth forms and sharpening4 Figure 5 Blade proportions6 Figure A.1 Test rig for bend tests8 Figure A.2 Checking for straightness and twist8 Licensed Copy: sheffiel
9、dun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:09:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii BSI 01-1999 BS 3159-1:1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by the BSI Committee MTE/15, Hand tools, and supersedes BS 3159-1:1990, which is withdrawn. In this British Standard the specific require
10、ments are given for four classes of hand saw, two for the use of craftsmen, one for first grade general duty, and one for general duty in the DIYenvironment. Annex A is normative and annex B is informative. A British Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users
11、of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. Licensed Cop
12、y: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:09:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 01-19991 BS 3159-1:1999 1 Scope This British Standard classifies types, and specifies certain dimensional aspects, of taper-ground and flat-ground hand saws for cutting timber. The hardness level and f
13、inish of the saw blades is specified and tests are included to verify the qualities of the complete saw. Four classes of hand saw are specified, and in each class, saws from 450 mm to 660 mm in length are available. This part of BS 3159 distinguishes between saws intended for ripping and those for c
14、ross cutting. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of BS 3159. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated referen
15、ces, the latest editions of the publication referred to applies. BS EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Test method. BS 2782-3 Methods 320A to 320F, Tensile strength, elongation and elastic modulus. BS 2782-3 Method 350, Determination of Izod impact strength. 3 Terms and definiti
16、ons For the purposes of this part of BS 3159 the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 nominal size overall length of the toothed edge of the blade, including any rounding of the toe (see Figure 1) 3.2 toe end of the blade farthest from the handle (see Figure 1) 3.3 heel end of the blade neares
17、t the handle (see Figure 1) 3.4 skew back saw blade which has a concave edge opposite to the toothed edge (see Figure 1) 3.5 straight back saw blade which has a straight edge opposite to the toothed edge (see Figure 1) 3.6 breasted saw blade which has a convex toothed edge (see Figure 2) 3.7 taper g
18、round saw blade uniform in thickness along the entire length of the toothed edge and uniformly tapered in thickness from the toothed edge to the back 3.8 flat ground saw blade which is ground so as to be the same thickness from the toothed edge to the back edge 3.9 pitch distance between adjacent te
19、eth measured from point to point (see Figure 3) 3.10 full cross sharpening of the teeth sharpening of the rake and flank faces of each outwardly set tooth to a vanishing edge at an acute angle to the central axis of the saw (see Figure 4) NOTEGullet, rake and flank face/angles are shown in Figure 3.
20、 3.11 half cross sharpening of the teeth sharpening of the rake face of each outwardly set tooth to a vanishing edge at an acute angle to the central axis of the saw 3.12 straight sharpening of the teeth sharpening of the cutting edge normal to (908) the side face of the saw (see Figure 4) 3.13 hard
21、point tooth which has increased hardness at the tooth tip NOTEThis is achieved by, for example, induction or impulse hardening methods. 4 Classification 4.1 Classes of saw Hand saws shall be classified as follows: a) class 1, a first grade saw for the use of craftsmen; b) class 2, a good quality saw
22、 for the use of craftsmen; c) class 3, a first grade general duty saw; d) class 4, a saw for general duty in the DIY environment. NOTE The specific requirements for each of the four classes of saw are given in clause 7. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:09:16 GMT+00:00 2006,
23、Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 BSI 01-1999 BS 3159-1:1999 Figure 1 Nomenclature Figure 2 Breasted saw Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:09:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 01-19993 BS 3159-1:1999 Figure 3 Geometry and nomenclature 5 Material 5.1 Blades The saw
24、blades shall be manufactured from hardened and tempered carbon or alloy steel to a uniform hardness as follows: a) class 1 saws:480 HV30 to 580 HV30; b) class 2 saws:460 HV30 to 560 HV30; c) class 3 and 4 saws: 440 HV30 to 540 HV30. The variation in hardness over any one blade shall not exceed 50 HV
25、30 except at the tooth tips of hardpoint saws. Where hardpoint teeth are specified for class 3 and class 4 saws, the depth of hardening shall not exceed 75 % of tooth depth (see Figure 3). The hardness of the tooth tip shall be a minimum of 540 HV5 when tested in accordance with BS EN ISO 6507-1. NO
26、TEThe equivalent values on other recognized hardness scales may be used in accordance with BS 860. 5.2 Handles 5.2.1 Handles shall be of the closed type. 5.2.2 Wooden handles shall be made from a hardwood such as beech. The timber shall be sound, free from defects and properly seasoned within the mo
27、isture control range of 5 % to 12 %. 5.2.3 Plastic handles shall be manufactured from a polymer material which meets the following specification: a) when tested to BS 2782-3:Method 350 at 220 8C, resistance to impact shall be 2 kJ/m2; b) when tested to BS 2782-3:Method 320B, tensile yield strength s
28、hall be 25 MN/m2; c) when tested to BS 2782-3:Method 320B, elastic modulus shall be 4 3 1022MNm22. The handle shall not exhibit brittle fracture in the temperature range 220 8C to 40 8C when tested in accordance with BS 2782-3:Method 350. 5.3 Teeth 5.3.1 The number of teeth/points per 25 mm shall be
29、 in accordance with Table 1 (see also Figure 3). The teeth shall be evenly formed and typical tooth forms are shown in Figure 4. 5.3.2 The teeth shall be alternately set on either side of the blade. Approximately two-thirds of each tooth measured from the point shall be set, and the method of settin
30、g shall be such that the remainder of the blade shall not be deformed. The amount of set on each side of the blade shall be equal, and shall be related to the thickness of the toothed edge of the blade as follows: a) Saws for cross cutting and general use: not less than one-fifth, and not more than
31、two-fifths the thickness of the toothed edge on each side; b) Saws for ripping: not less than one-quarter and not more than one-half the thickness of the tooth edge on each side. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:09:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 BSI 01-1999
32、BS 3159-1:1999 Universal teeth half cross sharpened Universal teeth full cross sharpened Fleam teeth Rip saw teeth Straight sharpened Compound teeth Figure 4 Tooth forms and sharpening 5.3.3 The teeth of the saws other than hardpoint teeth shall be capable of being reset without breaking, to the max
33、imum amount of set as specified in 5.3.2. 5.3.4 Tooth geometry shall be in accordance with Table 2. 6 Proportions and finish 6.1 General Handsaw blades and handles shall comply with the following general requirements and with the specific requirements under each appropriate class, i.e. class 1, 2, 3
34、 or 4 (see clause 7). 6.2 Blades 6.2.1 Blade proportions Blade proportions shall be in accordance with Figure 5. 6.2.2 Blade thickness Blade thickness shall be in accordance with Table 3. 6.2.3 Finish The surface of the blade shall have no hammer marks or other imperfections. 6.2.4 Corner The corner
35、 at the intersection of the toe and back shall not be sharp (see Figure 1). 6.2.5 Straightness After testing in accordance with A.1, the saw blade shall be visually straight and free from twist. 6.3 Handles 6.3.1 The handles shall be of the closed type. 6.3.2 The thickness of the handles shall be no
36、t less than 22 mm. 6.3.3 The length of the hand hole shall be not less than 82 mm. 6.4 Wooden handles 6.4.1 The handles shall be positively secured to the blade by means of rivets or screws as specified in the definition of the class of saw concerned. 6.4.2 The handles shall be centrally slit and th
37、e width of the slot shall not be greater than is necessary to receive the blade. 6.4.3 The handles shall be smoothly finished and, where specified, shall be polished all over. NOTEFor the purposes of this part of BS 3159 a handle is described as polished when it has been coated with a polish or lacq
38、uer. The coating may be applied by hand, dipping or spraying. 6.5 Plastics handles 6.5.1 Plastics handles may be riveted, screwed or moulded on and they shall be positively secured to the blade. 6.5.2 Where plastics handles are secured by means of rivets or screws, the handle shall be centrally slit
39、 and the width of the slot shall not be greater than is necessary to receive the blade. 6.5.3 Where plastics handles are insert moulded, the plastics material shall flow and weld through keying holes in the blade. 6.5.4 The handles shall be free from moulding defects, such as flash, which may cause
40、injury to the user. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:09:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 01-19995 BS 3159-1:1999 Table 1 Number of points per 25 mm Nominal size of saw (length of blade) Points per 25 mm mmSaws for cross cutting and general use Saws for rippi
41、ngFleam teethCompound tooth 4508, 10 5008, 1088, 10, 12 5507, 8, 1088, 10 6005, 6, 7, 87, 88, 10 6505, 6, 7, 84, 4.5, 54.5, 5, 67, 8 Table 2 Tooth geometry Dimensions in degrees Saw typeRake angleFlank angleCross-cut angleGullet angle Top rake angle min.max.min.max.min.max.Nominal General and cross-
42、cut saws 10204050103060 Rip saws010506060 Fleam tooth saws 2025a2025a1030 Compound tooth saw 1020102510301030 a Rake and flank shall be equal. Table 3 Blade thickness Dimensions in mm Blade raw material thickness minimum Nominal sizeClass 1Class 2Class 3Class 4 450.000.860.860.710.71 500.000.860.860
43、.710.71 550.000.860.860.710.71 600.000.940.910.890.89 650.000.940.910.890.89 7 Classes of saw 7.1 Class 1 7.1.1 A class 1 saw is a first grade saw for the use of craftsmen, which shall be skew-backed, taper ground, sharpened, with a wooden handle. 7.1.2 The blade shall be evenly ground thin-to-back
44、with a taper at the toe of at least 0.06 mm per 25 mm of width (see 3.7). The minimum thickness at the back of the toe shall be not less than 0.48 mm. 7.1.3 The blade shall be ground bright and polished. 7.1.4 The toothed edge shall be straight or breasted. 7.1.5 The teeth shall be sharpened as foll
45、ows: a) saws for cross-cutting: fully-cross sharpened (see 3.10); b) saws for ripping: straight sharpened (see 3.12). 7.1.6 The handle shall be of the closed type secured by four or five screws according to the size of the saw, and shall be polished all over. 7.1.7 When tested in accordance with A.1
46、 the blade shall be capable of being bent in both directions round a test block with a diameter of 250 mm, after which it shall spring back to its original straightness. 7.2 Class 2 7.2.1 A class 2 saw is a good quality saw for the use of craftsmen, which shall be skew-backed, flat or taper ground,
47、sharpened, with a wooden handle. 7.2.2 The blade shall be flat or taper ground and polished. Where taper ground the minimum thickness at the back of the toe shall be at least 0.13 mm less than the thickness at the toothed edge. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:09:16 GMT+00:0
48、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 BSI 01-1999 BS 3159-1:1999 Example A: Width at heel of 600 mm blade to be between 135 mm and 195 mm Example B: Width at toe of blade having width at heel 175 mm to be between 43.8 mm and 74.4 mm Figure 5 Blade proportions Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, n
49、a, Wed Nov 29 08:09:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 01-19997 BS 3159-1:1999 1) Marking BS 3159-1:1999 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification, which may also be desirable. 7.2.3 The toothed edge
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