ACRP-Problem-No-10-10-12.pdf
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1、ACRP Problem No. 10-10-12 Recommended: No Mitigation of Airport Delays Caused by Severe Weather Events TRB Aviation Group Airfield the development of enhanced automated forecasting processes; more rapid updates of diagnoses and forecasts; and better dissemination of weather information to users and
2、decision support systems. An airport that is better prepared to respond to weather hazards operates more efficiently for passengers and airlines, and can avoid significant negative impact to the NAS as a whole. For example, convective activity that impacted the New York City metroplex of airports (L
3、GA, EWR, JFK, TEB) during the month of June 2007 resulted in 100,000+ flight cancellations throughout the NAS. With better weather information a substantial number of these delays could have been avoided or at least reduced. There are numerous opportunities for research on airport weather as it impa
4、cts the reduction of flight operations delay, congestion, and enhanced runway capacity. These feed directly into a more efficient airportal capability and include: Research to determine local weather related impacts and potential mitigation for individual airports, considering ground and in-flight i
5、cing; winds; orographically-induced wind variation and turbulence; and convection with its associated hazards such as lightning and microbursts. Weather impacts o Airport area passenger ground transportation, o Ramp operations, o Runway, taxiway, and ramp surface maintenance, to include decision sup
6、port for proper treatment during snow and ice events, o Aircraft take-off and landing, o Aircraft approach and departure. Estimating level of weather impacts in terms of safety, capacity, and efficiency Identifying potential methods to mitigate weather and environmental impacts Estimating payoff (in
7、 terms of safety, capacity, and efficiency) of mitigation methods From our assessment of the largest and earliest benefits, better nowcasts and forecasts of terrain-induced winds and their impact to airport operations and safety are the focus of this problem statement. This research problem statemen
8、t will draw from over 25 years of aviation weather research experience to create airport-specific weather hazard forecast algorithms that begin with application to one airport, and then generalize to other airports with common orographic features, climatology, runway configuration, etc. Hazards incl
9、ude, but are not limited to, extreme variation of surface wind speed and direction and terrain-induced turbulence. There are successful models of this type of paradigm for airport weather hazards. These include the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) system which drew from applied research at Denv
10、er Stapleton Airport in the 1980s to create a system eventually deployed at 45 major airports where convection is common. This system virtually eliminated the microburst and severe wind shear threats at these airports. Another example is the Juneau Airport Winds System (JAWS) which resulted from yea
11、rs of research into the complex interaction of unique low- level wind patterns with terrain. Low level wind shear and terrain-induced turbulence are the hazards addressed by the JAWS. Alaska Airlines claims hundreds of “saves” per year (flights that operate efficiently vs. delayed or cancelled) by r
12、eferring to the JAWS output. Extension of the JAWS methodology to a generalized algorithmic approach that can apply to other airports with complex terrain is the initial thrust of this proposed research problem statement. Other weather hazards can follow as part of this RRD 005 Topic. III. OBJECTIVE
13、 2 There are two initial objectives of this research: The development of a prototype low-level wind and gust prediction system applied to a specific airport. An ultimate goal for further research is a system that is conceptually and theoretically general enough to use at all airports. Wind speed and
14、 direction predictions 30 minutes or greater into the future can result in advance planning for runway configuration changes, which is especially important for avoiding or reducing delays in arrival and departure and excess low-altitude maneuvering. It is especially important for airport metroplexes
15、 similar to the New York City area. Another application for low-altitude wind field prediction is for initial and final approach traffic sequencing to maximize runway capacity while maintaining minimum aircraft separation standards. The implementation of a prototype, airport-specific, high resolutio
16、n numerical weather prediction model that provides diagnostic and predictive information on low-level turbulence caused by orographic effects around airports that are susceptible to terrain influences. An ultimate goal for further research is to test the system and apply it to other airports that ha
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