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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3396-1: 1991 Woven glass fibre fabrics for plastics reinforcement Part 1: Specification for loom-state fabrics Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:15:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3396-1:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared und
2、er the direction of the Plastics and Rubber Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 31 October 1991 BSI 08-1999 First published September 1961 Second edition August 1966 Third edition May 1982 Fourth edition October 1991 The follo
3、wing BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PRM/41 Draft for comment 90/41794 DC ISBN 0 580 20068 X Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Plastics and Rubber Standards Policy Committee (PRM/-) t
4、o Technical Committee PRM/41, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plastics Federation Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) ERA Technology Ltd. Ministry of Defence Society of British Aerospace Companies Ltd. Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders L
5、td. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:15:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3396-1:1991 BSI 08-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Material1 4Desi
6、gnation1 5Fabric construction1 6Selection of test samples3 7Packaging3 8Marking and identification3 Appendix A Determination of the average mass per unit area4 Appendix B Calculation of mass per unit area and breaking strengths for loom-state glass fabrics5 Appendix C Determination of breaking stren
7、gth6 Figure 1 Example of diagonal positioning of test specimens on a textile glass fabric sample4 Table 1 Glass fibre fabrics2 Table 2 Standard factors for basic singles yarns5 Publication(s) referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:15:44 GMT+00:00 2006,
8、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3396-1:1991 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This Part of BS 3396 has been prepared under the direction of the Plastics and Rubber Standards Policy Committee. It is a revision of BS 3396-1:1982 which is withdrawn. In this revision the definitions have been aligned with ISO 472,
9、 the test methods have been substantially aligned with ISO test methods where possible and the scope has been extended to take account of progress in fibre forming technology which has led to manufacturers of woven glass fibre fabrics using singles yarn or yarn requiring only one twisting process. T
10、herefore yarns that require two twisting processes will in future tend to be replaced by yarns that require one twisting process and natural progression will eventually lead to the use of singles yarn. For example 34 2 2 tex yarn has already been largely replaced by 68 2 tex yarn and in many cases b
11、y 136 tex yarns. Therefore in this revision all the fabrics using cabled yarns which have become obsolete have been removed from the standard. Fabrics manufactured only from “E” type glass are covered by this standard. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
12、contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 6, an inside bac
13、k cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:15:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
14、BS 3396-1:1991 BSI 08-19991 1 Scope This Part of BS 3396 specifies requirements for loom-state glass fibre fabrics in a range of thicknesses and weaves and woven from continuous filament yarns of “E” type glass. These fabrics are intended, usually after further treatment, for the reinforcement of ri
15、gid plastics mouldings and laminates, with resin or resin systems such as polyester, epoxide, phenolic, silicone and melamine. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definition
16、s apply. 2.1 “E” type glass a glass containing not more than 1 % by mass of alkali (calculated as Na2O) and used for the manufacture of glass fibres 2.2 filament a single textile element of small diameter and very long length, considered as continuous 2.3 strand an assembly of simultaneously produce
17、d parallel filaments, slightly bonded and without intentional twist 2.4 yarn a general term covering specific types of textile structures, with or without twist, made of staple fibres or filaments 2.5 singles yarn the simplest continuous strand of textile material composed of a number of continuous
18、filaments, held together by twist. Such a yarn is described as a continuous filament yarn 2.6 folded yarn; plied yarn a general term designating yarn formed by twisting two or more singles yarns in one folding operation 2.7 size material applied to glass fibres or filaments during the course of thei
19、r manufacture 2.8 textile size size designed to facilitate subsequent textile operations (twisting, folding, weaving, etc.) 2.9 linear density the mass per unit length of a textile material. The basic unit is the “tex” which expresses the mass in grams of 1 km of yarn 2.10 cabled yarn two or more fo
20、lded yarns (or alternatively folded and singles yarn) twisted together in one or more folding operations 3 Material The fabric shall be woven from continuous filament yarns of “E” type glass. 4 Designation The designation of the fabric shall consist of the following details of its construction given
21、 in the following order: a) the number of warp ends per 100 mm; b) the number of weft picks per 100 mm; c) the linear density of the warp yarn and the diameter of the strand filament; d) the linear density of the weft yarn and the diameter of the strand filament; e) the type of weave, e.g. plain, tw
22、ill, 8-shaft satin, mock leno; f) the mass per unit area. NOTEIf the construction is one of those listed in Table 1 the appropriate designation code given in column 1 of this table may be used as an alternative to stating the full construction details. 5 Fabric construction 5.1 General The fabric sh
23、all be uniformly woven. The selvedges shall be well made, substantially straight and even, and shall have approximately the same tension as the remainder of the fabric. NOTE 1The fabric should normally be supplied free from yarn defects and defects of weaving. NOTE 2Certain weaving defects are usual
24、ly marked by the manufacturer by the use of coloured thread fastened to the selvedge adjacent to the defect. NOTE 3The fabric should normally be supplied free from streaks, stains, oil and grease spots, other contamination, creases, wrinkles and other permanent distortions. Licensed Copy: sheffieldu
25、n sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:15:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3396-1:1991 2 BSI 08-1999 Table 1 Glass fibre fabricsa Designation code Approximate thicknessb Nominal mass per unit area (SeeAppendix B) WeaveWarp ends per 100 mm Weft picks per 100 mm Nominal linear density of yar
26、n Minimum average breaking strengthc (N per 10 mm width) (See Appendix B) WarpWeftWarpWeft mm g/m2 textex P1/10.0879Plain17717311 211 2134131 P2/10.0896Plain25217311 211 2191131 P5/220.18171Plain596722 2 322 2 3252286 P5/680.18177Plain596768 268 2227258 P6/110.15182Plain14212611 2 311 2 3322286 P6/2
27、20.15182Plain14212622 322 3303269 P6/340.15188Plain14212634 234 2273242 P8/340.23242Plain14210234 234 2 2273392 P8/34/680.23242Plain14210234 268 2273392 P14/340.48546Plain676334 3 434 4 3773727 P14/1360.48546Plain6763136 3136 3773727 P32/110.0549Plain252181111195.368.4 P38/340.13127Plain181181343417
28、4174 P40/68/5.50.25420Plain2992468 25.51 1514.5 P41/680.18207Plain1731226868333235 T2/220.151822/2 twill14212622 322 3303269 T3/680.283312/2 twill11811868 268 2454454 S2/220.232978 shaft satin22421322 322 3478455 S2/340.233068 shaft satin22421334 234 2431410 S12/680.384114 shaft satin18912668 268 27
29、27485 S13/110.101054 shaft satin23622811 211 2178172 OS1/5.5666 6 mock leno2992875.5 25.5 2113108 OS11/680.463536 6 mock leno15010268 268 2577392 NOTE 1Fabrics embodying filaments with diameters other than those listed in Appendix A can be manufactured but they should be ordered as set out in clause
30、 4. NOTE 2P5/22, P6/11, P8/34 and P14/34 are now the only fabrics to use cabled yarns. a See 5.6 b Thickness when measured in accordance with BS 2544 under a load of 10 N/cm2 provide no direct indication of the contribution of each layer of fabric to the thickness of the lamination, e.g. in laminate
31、s made by the contact moulding process the contribution of each layer is likely to be greater than the value stated. c No negative tolerance is permitted on the average value, but a tolerance of 20 % is permitted on individual values. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:15:44 G
32、MT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3396-1:1991 BSI 08-19993 5.2 Mass per unit area The mass per unit area when determined in accordance with Appendix A shall differ by not more than 6 % from the nominal value calculated as described in Appendix B. NOTETable 1 contains the nominal values of
33、 mass per unit area for the fabric constructions described therein. 5.3 Warp ends and weft picks The number of warp ends and weft picks shall differ by not more than 2.5 % from the average values for the fabric constructions (see Table 1). 5.4 Breaking strength The average breaking strength of the f
34、abric in the warp and weft directions, when determined in accordance with Appendix C, shall be not less than the minimum values calculated in accordance with Appendix B. NOTEMinimum values for selected constructions are given in Table 1. 5.5 Width The width of the fabric, including the selvedge, sha
35、ll not be less than that stated by the manufacturer or exceed it by more than 1.5 % or 2.5 cm, whichever is the lesser. NOTETypical widths are 91, 100, 122 and 137 cm. 5.6 Diameters of filaments For the manufacture of fabric in accordance with the designation codes in column 1 of Table 1, the diamet
36、ers of the filaments in the strands shall be those listed in Table 2. 6 Selection of test samples A sample shall be selected from the full width of the roll. It shall be of sufficient size to provide specimens for all tests to be performed. 7 Packaging The fabric shall be rolled evenly on tubes of s
37、ufficient length and strength to produce a form package so as to prevent collapsing or telescoping during transit, storage and handling. Both ends of the roll shall be suitably protected to prevent damage to the edges of the cloth. Each roll shall be individually wrapped and rolls of fabric shall be
38、 securely packed in parcels or boxes in such a way as to protect them from damage. NOTEIt is normal for manufacturers to recommend that the packages of woven rovings are stored and transported horizontally in order to avoid distortion of the fabric weave. 8 Marking and identification Each roll of fa
39、bric and package shall be marked with the following information: a) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 3396-1:19911); b) the designation or designation code of the fabric (see Table 1 and clause 4); c) the word “loom-state”; d) the manufacturers identification, e.g. AB and Co; e)
40、the manufacturers product number or symbol; f) the manufacturers beam or creel number. 1) Marking BS 3396-1:1991 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standa
41、rd. The accuracy of the claim is therefore solely the responsibility of the person making the claim. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which may also be desirable. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:15:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Unc
42、ontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3396-1:1991 4 BSI 08-1999 Appendix A Determination of the average mass per unit area NOTEThis method is related to ISO 4605. A.1 Principle The mass of test specimens of known surface area is determined after conditioning in a specified atmosphere. A.2 Apparatus A.2.1 Polis
43、hed metal template, of dimensions 400 1 mm 250 1 mm. A.2.2 Suitable tool for trimming, e.g. a knife or scissors. A.2.3 Container, made of stainless steel. A.2.4 Balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0.1 % of the total mass. A.3 Test specimens Cut a strip of at least 1 000 mm from across the
44、 whole width of the textile glass fabric. Place the template on this strip and cut out the specimens with a trimming tool. Take one test specimen for every 500 mm of width of glass fabric tested, with a minimum of three test specimens. Cut the test specimens, as evenly distributed as possible, from
45、the sample in a diagonal manner and not closer than 50 mm to the edges and selvedges (see Figure 1). NOTETest specimens may be cut parallel to the warp yarns of the textile strip, if the width of the textile glass fabric makes it necessary. A.4 Conditioning and testing atmospheres Condition the spec
46、imen for not less than 6 h in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 65 5 % r.h. and a temperature of 20 2 C. Perform the tests in the same atmosphere. A.5 Procedure Weigh the container (A.2.3) to an accuracy of 0.1 %, and record its mass m1 (in g). Place a test specimen in the container. Weigh
47、 the test specimen plus container to an accuracy of 0.1 %, and record the total mass m2 (in g). Figure 1 Example of diagonal positioning of test specimens on a textile glass fabric sample Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:15:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 33
48、96-1:1991 BSI 08-19995 A.6 Expression of results Calculate the mass per unit area Z (in g/m2) of each test specimen, according to the formula where Express the mass per unit area of the textile glass fabric as the arithmetic mean of the values obtained for all the test specimens. A.7 Test report The
49、 test report shall include the following: a) a complete reference to the textile glass fabric tested; b) the orientation of the test specimens with respect to the warp and weft yarns, if not diagonal; c) the average value of mass per unit area and the individual values (in g/m2). Appendix B Calculation of mass per unit area and breaking strengths for loom-state glass fabrics NOTEThe singles yarns used in the fabrics listed in Table 1 have
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