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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3618-1: 1969 Glossary of Mining terms Section 1 Planning and Surveying Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-1:1969 This British Standard, having been approved by the Mining and Quarrying Requisites Indu
2、stry Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 28 February 1969 BSI 12-1999 First published May 1963 First revision February 1969 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MQE/17 Draft for approval 68/19859 ISBN 580 0
3、4439 4 Co-operating organizations The Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government department and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Mining Elec
4、trical and Mechanical Engineers* British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association British Steel Industry Federation of Associations of Mining Equipment Manufacturers Institution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mining Engineers* Mechanical Handling En
5、gineers Association Ministry of Power* National Association of Colliery Managers* National Coal Board* The Government department and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparat
6、ion of this British Standard: University of Birmingham University of London University of Nottingham University of Strathclyde Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-1
7、:1969 BSI 12-1999i Contents Page Co-operating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii Glossary1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-1:1969 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This glossary has been prepared, under the authority of
8、 the Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee, in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the technical terms in current use in mining in the United Kingdom. Although the majority of the terms are necessarily concerned with coalmining, account has been taken of terms used in othe
9、r forms of mining and of quarrying. The need for this glossary arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within the industry, and the prevalent use of more than one synonym, some purely local in origin, to indicate specific meanings. The glossary has been issued in a number of secti
10、ons, according to subject matter as follows: Section 1: Planning and surveying; Section 2: Ventilation; Section 3: Boring and exploration; Section 4: Drainage; Section 5: Geology; Section 6: Drilling and blasting; Section 7: Electrical engineering and lighting; Section 8: Winning and working; Sectio
11、n 9: Shafts and associated equipment; Section 10: Transport; Section 11: Strata control. As Section 1, “Planning and surveying”, this was the first publication in the BS 3618 series. In the normal process of periodical review it was seen that a number of modifications and additions were desirable; t
12、herefore, since the previous edition was issued as long ago as 1963, it was decided to publish a revision incorporating these changes. In compiling the glossary account has been taken of the fact that terms primarily associated with coal are separately defined in BS 3323, “Glossary of coal terms”, a
13、nd terms relating to coal preparation are defined in BS 3552, “Glossary of terms used in coal preparation”. The following factors also have applied in the statement, selection and definition of terms: 1) Where two or more terms are grouped together, the term which is favoured is printed first and in
14、 heavy type. It is hoped that such preferred terms will gradually displace the non-preferred terms. The non-preferred terms of a group are printed in small capital letters. Where the use of any term is considered to be undesirable it is marked deprecated. 2) Generally, only terms which have a specif
15、ic meaning in this field have been included. Where a technical term has an accepted meaning in other fields of engineering it has been omitted; the few exceptions are terms which are of particular importance in mining. 3) Purely local terms are not defined, but those of sufficient importance are inc
16、luded as non-preferred terms. 4) Obsolete terms are excluded. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-1:1969 BSI 12-1999iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of B
17、ritish Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. This standard has
18、 been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffie
19、ldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-1:1969 BSI 12-19991 Glossary TermDefinition abandonment plansThe plans, drawings and sections required by law to be sent to the District Inspector of Mines, following the abandonment of a seam or mine. abney clinometerS
20、ee abney level. abney level ABNEY CLINOMETER A hand-held instrument for measuring inclinations. alignmentSee co-planing. anaglyphA map so drawn in two colours that a three-dimensional picture is obtained when seen through a special viewing device. arbitrary lineA reference line, the direction of whi
21、ch does not necessarily coincide with cardinal direction. assumed northA direction assumed to be north for reference purposes. auxiliary telescopeA telescope, fitted parallel to the main telescope of a theodolite, for measuring and setting out horizontal and vertical angles where the main telescope
22、cannot be used. azimuth of a lineThe angle measured clockwise from the northerly direction of the geographic meridian to the direction of the line. barrierMineral or ground left unworked so as to separate workings from each other or from a natural hazard. baseline1. A line, the horizontal length of
23、which has been determined with great precision. Such lines are used to control the linear scale of a triangulation system. 2. A line established underground, usually in an area where ground movement is negligible, the length and bearing of which is determined with precision. Such lines are used for
24、the control of traverses through unstable areas where it is impossible to establish permanent surveying stations. base plateSee measuring plate. bore journalA tabular record of the characteristics and thicknesses of strata intersected by a borehole. borehole survey1. A survey to determine the precis
25、e position of various points on the central axis of a borehole. 2. A survey to obtain information about the strata intersected by a borehole. boundaryThe limit of working of a mine. catalogue of abandoned mines A record of plans of abandoned mines which gives the location of the workings, the minera
26、ls worked, the custodian of the plans, and references as to the approximate extent of the workings within specified 6 inch ordnance sheets. cautionary zoneA zone in which unworked coal lies at or less than a specified distance from unconsolidated deposits or other sources of danger. centre line (roa
27、dway)A line marked on the roof of a roadway to indicate the direction of the central axis of the roadway. check survey VERIFICATION SURVEY, deprecated A survey made to confirm the positions of established survey stations in the mine. colliery surveyorA surveyor appointed to carry out surveying work
28、and to prepare plans and sections of a mine, but who is not the surveyor for the mine. NOTEPrior to 1947, “Colliery surveyor” was the title given to the “Surveyor for the mine”. The term is still used colloquially in this sense. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:39 GMT+00:
29、00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-1:1969 2 BSI 12-1999 TermDefinition composite plan1. A mine plan showing the workings in more than one seam, usually distinguished by different colours. 2. A plan showing various physical features and properties of the strata. compressed air planA plan sho
30、wing the position and details of certain compressed air equipment in the mine. continuous azimuth methodA method of traversing by which the azimuth of the survey lines is obtained from the instrument. co-planing ALIGNMENT, deprecated The process of moving the head of a theodolite laterally until its
31、 vertical axis lies in the produced vertical plane common to two plumb lines. correlation1. The process of orientating underground survey lines or of co-ordinating underground survey stations to the National Grid. 2. See also Geology section. density (of seams)1. An indication of the spacing of seam
32、s in the strata; the seam density is said to be high if the seams are close together, or low if they are widely separated. 2. The ratio of the sum of the thicknesses of a number of adjacent seams to the thickness of an arbitrarily chosen sequence of strata. deputys district planThe plan required by
33、law, which shows the limits of each deputys district and the meeting stations. development planA plan showing the proposed development of the mine workings, and kept for operational purposes. disused workingsWorkings which are no longer in operation but which are not classified as abandoned. double
34、setting DUAL SETTING, deprecated A levelling procedure whereby observations are duplicated by resetting the instrument to detect errors of measurement immediately. draft LEG, deprecated A survey line in a traverse. dual settingSee double setting. eastingThe easterly component of a National Grid co-o
35、rdinate. electrical planThe plan required by law, which shows the position and details of certain electrical apparatus in the mine. electronic levelA precise levelling instrument in which a pendulous device (bubble or pendulum) forms part of an electrical alternating current bridge. The deviation fr
36、om vertical is indicated on a milliammeter. fire-fighting planA plan showing the positions of items of fire-fighting equipment. (Separate plans are used for surface buildings and underground workings.) floor stationA survey station secured in the floor of a mine roadway or working face. geographic o
37、r true northThe northerly direction of the geographic meridian at any terrestrial point. geological map1. A map, required by law, showing the superficial and drift deposits. Generally referred to as the “drift” map. 2. A map showing the rocks according to their geological classification. Generally r
38、eferred to as the “solid” map. grade linesLines which define the intended grade of a roadway which is being driven. (Such lines are used to control the gradient of a roadway.) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-1:1969 BS
39、I 12-19993 TermDefinition graphic sectionA drawing which shows the sequence of strata. gyroscopic compassSee gyroscopic theodolite. gyroscopic theodolite GYROSCOPIC COMPASS, deprecated MERIDIAN INDICATOR An instrument which indicates the direction of geographic (or true) north, using the inertial pr
40、operties of a rapidly rotating mass, the spin axis of which is horizontal and free to rotate about a vertical axis. (This instrument has been developed in its most precise form for application to mine orientation and borehole surveying.) holdingSee take. holing THIRLING The meeting of two roadways d
41、riven expressly to intersect each other. (See also Winning and Working section.) improved dial TELESCOPIC DIAL A miners dial in which a telescope replaces the usual sighting vanes. isopachytesLines drawn on a map showing equal vertical thicknesses of a stratum or strata. lamp cupA means for supporti
42、ng a flame safety lamp on a tripod to provide a sight for surveying. layover tracingSee overlay tracing. legSee draft. linesmanAn assistant to a surveyor. loose-needle traversingA method of traversing in which the magnetic bearings of survey lines are separately obtained by reference to the magnetic
43、 needle. magnetic correlationThe orientation of an underground survey, using the earths magnetic field. managers planA plan of the workings kept at the office of the mine, in addition to the working plan, for everyday use by the manager. measuring plate BASE PLATE, deprecated A metal plate used to p
44、rovide a stable measuring point of a temporary nature. meridian indicatorSee gyroscopic theodolite. mine surveyorSee surveyor for the mine. miners dialAn underground surveying instrument for measuring and setting out angles and determining magnetic north. mining theodoliteA theodolite having particu
45、lar features of design which make it suitable as an underground surveying instrument, e.g. incorporating provision for observing steeply inclined sights. (See also auxiliary telescope.) national gridA system of plan reference lines, in the form of a rectangular grid, used by the Ordnance Survey and
46、based upon the transverse Mercator projection (which is also known as the Gauss Conformal Projection). national grid co-ordinatesCo-ordinates, referred to the National Grid of the Ordnance Survey, which are specified in metres and consist of two components, an Easting and a Northing. northingThe nor
47、therly component of a National Grid co-ordinate. optical centring deviceSee optical plummet. optical plummet OPTICAL CENTRING DEVICE An optical device which enables a theodolite to be accurately positioned over or under a survey station. overlay tracing LAYOVER TRACING, deprecated A tracing on which
48、 the workings in a seam are shown. A series of such tracings allows the workings in several seams to be seen in their correct horizontal relationship. parcelSee take. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-1:1969 4 BSI 12-19
49、99 TermDefinition pilot bobThe weight attached to a shaft plumb line for the purpose of lowering the line down the shaft. project plansA series of plans of a proposed new colliery or reconstruction which are drawn up for the purpose of obtaining approval of the project. pumping planA plan which shows, in addition to the workings of a mine and the seam contours, the position of pumps, dams and waterlogged areas. quarterly surveyAn underground survey required by law to be undertaken at least once every three months for the purpose of bringing the w
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