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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7179-5: 1990 Ergonomics of design and use of visual display terminals (VDTs) in offices Part 5: Specification for VDT workstations Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:40:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7179-5:1
2、990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Personal Safety Equipment Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30 November 1990 BSI 12-1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standar
3、d: Committee reference PSM/39 Draft for comment 87/40678 DC ISBN 0 580 18009 3 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Personal Safety Equipment Standards Policy Committee (PSM/-) to Technical Committee PSM/39, upon which the fol
4、lowing bodies were represented: AERC Institute of Engineering Research British Airways British Industrial Truck Association British Occupational Hygiene Society British Telecommunications plc Business Equipment and Information Technology Association Chartered Institution of Building Services Enginee
5、rs Engineering Employers Federation Ergonomics Society Health and Safety Executive ICE (Ergonomics) Ltd. Institute of Management Services Institute of Occupational Medicine Loughborough University of Technology Ministry of Defence National Union of Mineworkers Society of Motor Manufacturers and Trad
6、ers Limited Society of Occupational Medicine Trades Union Congress Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:40:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7179-5:1990 BSI 12-1998i Contents P
7、age Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Design1 4Marking3 Appendix A General guiding principles4 Appendix B Possible workstation accessories4 Appendix C Guidance on the layout of workstations5 Figure 1 Position of screen and desk dimensions2 Publication(s) refe
8、rred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:40:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7179-5:1990 ii BSI 12-1998 Foreword This Part of BS 7179 has been produced under the direction of the Personal Safety Equipment Standa
9、rds Policy Committee. This Part of BS 7179 specifies the ergonomics requirements for visual display terminals (VDT) workstations used in office tasks. Its purpose is to promote the health and safety of VDT users and to ensure that they can operate VDT equipment efficiently and comfortably. In practi
10、ce, this can only be achieved by careful design of the VDTs themselves, the workstations and working environments in which they are used and the way the VDT work is designed, organized and managed. The overall design of the workstation, if designed appropriately, can facilitate efficient operation o
11、f the VDT and encourage the user to adopt a comfortable and healthy working posture. This Part of BS 7179 is concerned with the design of the workstation immediately surrounding and supporting the VDT equipment. Other Parts of this standard are: Part 1: Introduction; Part 2: Recommendations for offi
12、ce VDT tasks; Part 3: Specification for visual displays; Part 4: Specification for keyboards; Part 6: Code of practice for the design of VDT work environments. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for th
13、eir correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (s
14、ee copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:40:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7179-5:1990 BSI 12-19981
15、1 Scope This Part of BS 7179 specifies requirements for visual display terminal (VDT) workstations based on ergonomics considerations for workstation design for VDT users in office environments. It does not cover electrical safety or constructional details. NOTE 1General guiding principles are given
16、 in appendix A. Information on possible accessories for workstations is given in appendix B. NOTE 2The titles of the publications refered to in this standard are given on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 7179 the definitions given in BS 5940-1 and BS 7179-1 ap
17、ply together with the following. 2.1 workstation the furniture and fittings surrounding and supporting the VDT and its user. Its main components are the work surface and the chair NOTEThe term “workstation” is often also used to describe a complete working unit of computer, VDT and peripheral equipm
18、ent. 3 Design NOTE 1Further detailed information on general office furniture and test methods for such furniture is given in BS 5459 and BS 5940-1. NOTE 2Guidance on the layout of workstations within a work place is given in appendix C. 3.1 Heights of fixed work surfaces 3.1.1 Keyboard support NOTE
19、1The most comfortable and efficient posture for keying is when the upper arm and the forearm are approximately at right angles. Therefore the part of the work surface which supports the keyboard should permit the home row of keys to be at about the same level as the elbow height of a seated person.
20、Where the height of the work surface is not adjustable, it shall be between 660 mm and 730 mm. NOTE 2The figures given for the heights of fixed work surfaces have been derived from Table 2 of BS 5940-1:1980 and assume the use of keyboards complying with 4.3 of BS 7179-4:1990. These figures incorpora
21、te the lower tolerance for “machine operators” desks with the upper tolerance for “general purpose” desks each as applicable to fixed height desks in Table 2 of BS 5940-1:1980. NOTE 3It is recommended that a fixed height of 720 mm be used. NOTE 4With a fixed work surface, users may need to adjust th
22、e chair height and use a footrest. 3.1.2 Display support The display shall be supported at a height such that information displayed on any part of it can be seen without undue raising or lowering of the eyes or head. NOTEDisplays which are lower than the seated eye height and within 60 of the horizo
23、ntal line of sight, should be acceptable (see Figure 1). 3.1.3 Keyboard and display support The work surface height shall comply with 3.1.1. NOTE 1Where the same work surface supports both the keyboard and display, it is more important to provide a comfortable keying posture. NOTE 2The work surfaces
24、 for other tasks associated with the VDT task such as writing or reading documents are accommodated in the ranges specified above. 3.2 Adjustable work surfaces NOTE 1Work surfaces which are adjustable in height are particularly important where more than one person uses the same workstation. The heig
25、hts of the fixed surfaces specified in 3.1 are those that suit the majority of the population. Where the work surface is adjustable in height, then the range of height adjustment shall be from 660 mm to 770 mm. NOTE 2The figures given for the heights of adjustable work surfaces have been derived fro
26、m Table 2 of BS 5940-1:1980 and assume the use of keyboards complying with 4.3 of BS 7179-4:1990. These incorporate the lower tolerance for “machine operators” desks with a fixed work surface with the upper tolerance for “general purpose” desks having an adjustable height work surface. For frequentl
27、y changed adjustable work surfaces, the control mechanisms shall be designed and located such that they are within easy reach when sitting at the workstation. The control mechanism shall be easy to operate quickly and without requiring undue force. The height of an adjustable work surface shall not
28、vary unintentionally during use. 3.3 Size of the work surface NOTE 1The size of the work surfaces provided should be determined by the requirements of the whole task. As well as accommodating VDT equipment, many workplaces have to provide space for other items, e.g. telephones, source documents and
29、note pads. The surface area available should permit a flexible arrangement of all the components to be accommodated. To accommodate a display, keyboard and documents/document holder, the minimum length provided shall be 1 200 mm and the minimum width of the surface shall be 600 mm. NOTE 2A length of
30、 1 600 mm and a width of 800 mm are preferred. 3.4 Finish of the work surfaces The finish of the work surfaces shall be matt to minimize reflections from overhead or task lighting. NOTE 1A method for the assessment of low angle glare of a finished wood surface is given in BS 3962-1. The surface and
31、supporting framework shall be free from sharp corners and edges. NOTE 2The avoidance of unintentional movements of equipment such as keyboards or telephones needs to be taken into account. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:40:37 GMT+00:00 2006,
32、Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7179-5:1990 2 BSI 12-1998 3.5 Clearances under work surfaces NOTE 1It is important that there is sufficient leg room underneath the work surfaces. The space should allow unobstructed leg room for taller users and permit easy access for all users. From the front edge, th
33、ere shall be a minimum of 450 mm unobstructed leg room and 600 mm foot room (see Figure 1). The foot space at floor level shall be at least 150 mm high. The clearance across the knee hole underneath the work surface shall be at least 580 mm. NOTE 2A clearance of 610 mm is preferred. At the front edg
34、e of the work surface, the distance from the floor to the underside of the work surface shall be not less than 620 mm. NOTE 3The thickness of the work surface and supporting framework should be kept to a minimum subject to the work station complying with BS 5459-1. 3.6 Chair NOTEA well designed chai
35、r will encourage good posture by providing facilities so that: a) the blood circulation in the thighs is not restricted; b) the posture requires little effort to maintain; c) the amount of strain on the spine is minimized; d) a certain amount of movement is possible while seated. Chairs shall comply
36、 with clause 5 of BS 5940-1:1980 but chairs shall only be of the swivel type and have five or more castors. 3.7 Footrest NOTE 1A footrest is necessary in cases where the chair height is set in a position which does not allow a VDT users foot to rest flat on the floor. The footrest shall not move uni
37、ntentionally while in use and its surface shall be non-slip and of sufficient size to allow some freedom of movement (approximately 450 mm long and 350 mm wide). Footrests shall comply with clause 9 of BS 5940-1:1980. NOTE 2Information on other accessories is given in appendix B. Figure 1 Position o
38、f screen and desk dimensions Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:40:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7179-5:1990 BSI 12-19983 3.8 Cable management All types of cables shall be securely fastened so that they do not represent a hazar
39、d. NOTEIt is essential that all types of cables, e.g. the power supply to equipment, connections between system components, and telephone cables, leading to the workstation do not represent a hazard. Where appropriate the guidance given in BS 6396 should be followed. 4 Marking Workstations complying
40、 with this Part of BS 7179 shall be marked with the following information. a) the name, trade mark or other identification of the manufacturer; b) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 7179-5:19901). 1) Marking BS 7179-5:1990 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers
41、declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is therefore solely the responsibility of the person making the claim. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certificatio
42、n of conformity, which may also be desirable. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:40:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7179-5:1990 4 BSI 12-1998 Appendix A General guiding principles A.1 Design The design of the workstation should t
43、ake into account the following: a) the range of individual differences in stature and preferences; b) the equipment required at the workstation; c) the relative frequency of use and importance of each component of the workstation; d) the demands of the task and typical work flows; e) organizational
44、arrangements for groups of users; f) the physical environment; g) ease of access to switches/plugs, etc, both for users and service engineers. The recommendations for workstation design contribute to the ease of use of the VDT by allowing users to: 1) read the screen and documents without excessive
45、head movements or visual fatigue; 2) operate controls accurately and without discomfort; 3) adopt an unconstrained posture. A.2 Posture A.2.1 The ideal workstation design should permit VDT users to adopt a healthy, comfortable posture without overloading the musculo-skeletal system by allowing: a) m
46、inimal loading on the intervertebral discs; b) equal pressure distribution over all the discs; c) slight but not excessive pressure on abdominal muscles; d) no restriction in blood circulation due to compression of tissues e.g. avoiding the backs of the thighs being compressed against a sharp chair
47、edge. A.2.2 Most VDT tasks in an office are carried out by users seated at a workstation. To achieve a good seated posture, i.e. one without overloading the musculo-skeletal system, at a VDT workstation it should be such that: a) frequently used equipment controls, displays and work surfaces are loc
48、ated within easy reach; b) the opportunity is provided to change seated posture frequently to avoid fatigue and tension associated with maintaining a fixed posture; c) frequent repetitive movements with extreme extension or rotation of the limbs or trunk are avoided; d) the back is supported such th
49、at a comfortable angle between back and thighs is possible; e) the feet can be flat on the floor or adequately supported by a foot rest. Appendix B Possible workstation accessories B.1 Document holders In tasks where the VDT user works from paper documents, a document holder is often useful. It allows the source document to be positioned at a height, visual distance and plane similar to those of the display itself, which can reduce the amount of eye, head and neck movement required. The document holder should be adjustable both in height and angle. It should
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