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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7121-1: 1989 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Code of practice for Safe use of cranes Part 1: General Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:10:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7121-1:1989 This British Standard, havin
2、g been prepared under the direction of the Mechanical Handling Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 May 1989 BSI 12-1998 First published, as section one of CP 3010, November 1972 and, as section 1 of BS 5744, November 1979 The
3、following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MHE/3 Draft for comment 85/72574 DC ISBN 0 580 17203 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Mechanical Handling Standards Policy Committee (MHE/
4、-) to Technical Committee MHE/3, upon which the following bodies were represented: Associated British Ports Associated Offices Technical Committee Association of Consulting Engineers BP Trading Ltd. British Ports Federation and the National Association of Ports Employers British Railways Board Briti
5、sh Steel Corporation Construction Plant-Hire Association Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of Trade and Industry (Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Technology Division) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Material
6、s Users Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes Federation of Wire Rope Manufacturers of Great Britain Health and Safety Executive Independent Engineering Insurers Committee Institute of Materials Management Institution
7、 of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Plant Engineers Institution of Production Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Lloyds Register of Shipping Welding Institute Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 9093May 1996Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed C
8、opy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:10:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7121-1:1989 BSI 12-1998i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Management of the lifting operation1 4Planning of the l
9、ifting operation3 5Selection and duties of personnel4 6Minimum attributes of personnel6 7Selection of cranes7 8Safety8 9Siting of cranes9 10Erection and dismantling11 11Procedures and precautions12 12Operating conditions15 13Testing and examination20 14Legal requirements22 15Ropes23 16Slinging and h
10、andling of loads33 17Raising or lowering of personnel34 18Balling operations35 19Signalling systems36 Figure 1 Adverse effect of a swinging load on load radius2 Figure 2 Recommended crane signals5 Figure 3 Side loading on jib16 Figure 4 Paying out rope25 Figure 5 Serving of ropes (before cutting)26
11、Figure 6 Transferring rope from reel to reel27 Figure 7 Some points to be considered during the examination of the rope31 Table 1 Legal requirements for the inspection, testing and thorough examination of cranes24 Table 2 Severity of deterioration of steel wire ropes32 Table 3 Typical examples of cu
12、mulative effect of deterioration of steel wire ropes33 Table 4 Weight of materials33 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:10:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7121-1:1989 ii BSI 12-1998 Forew
13、ord This Part of BS 7121 has been prepared under the direction of the Mechanical Handling Standards Policy Committee. It should be used in conjunction with other Parts of BS 7121 to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that lifting operations are carried out safely. It is in the interest of
14、all parties involved in lifting operations to ensure that they are carried out efficiently and safely. CP 3010 and BS 5744 have for many years provided advice to assist crane users to achieve these objectives. During the review of CP 3010 it was decided that it was essential to broaden the scope to
15、recognize the need for planning the operation and for the adoption of safe systems of work as these are the foundation stones on which the successful operation should be built. It became clear that these foundation stones were essential to all operations regardless of the type of crane to be used, a
16、nd the committee came to the conclusion that CP 3010 and BS 5744 should therefore be combined into one standard. This Part of BS 7121 deals with common features and subsequent Parts will deal specifically with each crane type as follows. Part 2: Testing and inspection; Part 3: Mobile cranes; Part 4:
17、 Lorry loaders; Part 5: Tower cranes; Part 6: Derrick cranes; Part 7: Overhead/underhung travelling and goliath cranes; Part 8: High pedestal and portal jib dockside cranes; Part 9: Container handling cranes; Part 10: Rail mounted cranes. Amendments to CP 3010 and BS 5744 will be published to delete
18、 section 1 from each publication and to amend the references to BS 7121-1. When all Parts of BS 7121 have been published, CP 3010 will be withdrawn. BS 5744 will be revised to cover manually operated and light cranes only. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions o
19、f a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 36, an insid
20、e back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:10:46 GMT+00:
21、00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7121-1:1989 BSI 12-19981 1 Scope This Part of BS 7121 gives recommendations for the safe use of cranes. It does not cover manually operated and light cranes or cranes mounted on water-borne vessels, except in those circumstances where a land-based crane is temp
22、orarily affixed to a vessel. Subjects covered include safe systems of work, management, planning, selection, erection and dismantling, testing, operation and maintenance of cranes and the selection of drivers, slingers and signallers. Reference is also made to legislation and attention is drawn to s
23、tatutory requirements for the testing and examination of cranes. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 7121 the following definitions apply. 2.1 automatic safe load indicator a device tha
24、t when fitted to a crane automatically gives, within specified tolerance limits, a warning of the approach to the safe working load on the crane and a further warning when the safe working load has been exceeded 2.2 competent person a person who has such practical and theoretical knowledge and such
25、experience of the crane and the equipment used in the lifting operation as is necessary to carry out the function to which the term relates in each particular context 2.3 crane driver (operator) the person who is operating the crane for the purpose of positioning loads or operating for erection of t
26、he crane 2.4 load radius indicator a device fitted to a crane that shows the radius at which the crane is operating and its corresponding safe working load 2.5 radius the horizontal distance between the point at which the centre of rotation of the crane meets the ground and the vertical centreline p
27、assing through the load lifting attachment (see Figure 1) NOTEIn the case of a non-slewing crane, the horizontal distance from the centreline of a load lifting attachment to the centreline of the nearest axle, bogie or track, measured at ground level, can be assumed to be the radius for the purpose
28、of this definition. 2.6 safe working load the maximum load that can be safely handled by a crane at a specified position and under specified conditions 2.7 service conditions 2.7.1 in-service with the crane handling loads up to the safe working loads in permissible wind speeds and other conditions a
29、s specified by the manufacturer 2.7.2 out-of-service with the crane either not required for use or out of use, without load on the load lifting attachment and in conditions as specified by the manufacturer NOTEThese conditions may include a higher wind speed than that permitted for the in-service co
30、nditions. 2.8 light crane a crane in which at least one of its motions is manually operated 3 Management of the lifting operation 3.1 Safe system of work A safe system of work should be established and this should be followed for every lifting operation whether it be an individual lift or a group of
31、 repetitive operations. The same principles should be applied when the lifting operations are carried out at a site or when the crane is a permanent fixture, e.g. in a factory or at a dock. The safe system of work should include the following: a) planning of the operation; b) selection, provision an
32、d use of a suitable crane(s) and equipment; c) maintenance, examination and where necessary testing of the crane(s) and equipment; d) the provision of properly trained and competent personnel who have been made aware of their relevant responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 197
33、4; NOTEIt is essential for the safety of the operation to ensure that all personnel can communicate clearly in the same language. e) adequate supervision by properly trained and competent personnel having the necessary authority; f) ensuring that all necessary test certificates and other documents a
34、re available; g) preventing unauthorized movement or use at all times; Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:10:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7121-1:1989 2 BSI 12-1998 h) the safety of persons not involved in the lifting operation
35、. The lifting operation should be taken to include any necessary preparation of a site and erection and dismantling of the crane(s). The safe system of work should be effectively communicated to all parties concerned. 3.2 Control of the lifting operation To ensure the implementation of the safe syst
36、em of work, one person should be appointed to have overall control of the lifting operation to act on behalf of the management of the organization requiring the load to be moved (the “Employing Organization”). The appointment of the person does not remove any legal responsibility from the management
37、 but enables them to use his expertise the better to fulfil their responsibilities. The person appointed may have other duties and need not be an employee of the Employing Organization. The appointed person should have adequate training and experience to enable these duties to be carried out compete
38、ntly. Figure 1 Adverse effect of a swinging load on load radius (see 12.1) Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:10:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7121-1:1989 BSI 12-19983 3.3 Duties of the person appointed to control the lifting o
39、peration The appointed persons duties should include the following. a) The assessment of the lifting operation to provide such planning, selection of crane(s), lifting gear and equipment, instruction and supervision as is necessary for the task to be undertaken safely. This should include consultati
40、on with other responsible bodies if necessary and ensuring that where different organizations are involved they collaborate as necessary. b) Ensuring that adequate inspection and maintenance of the equipment has been carried out. c) Ensuring that there is an effective procedure for reporting defects
41、 and incidents and taking any necessary corrective action. d) Responsibility for the organization and control of the lifting operation. The appointed person should be given the necessary authority for the performance of all these duties and, in particular, authority to stop the operation whenever he
42、 considers that danger is likely to arise if the operation were to continue. Duties, but not responsibilities, may be delegated to another person where considered appropriate. As the crane driver is required to be at the controls of the crane when it is handling loads, it would not be appropriate to
43、 appoint the driver to be in control of the lifting operation. For a simple lifting operation, the management of the Employing Organization may consider it appropriate to appoint the slinger to be in control. 3.4 Contractual considerations 3.4.1 Contract lifting operations. The Employing Organizatio
44、n (see 3.2) may enter into a contract with another party (the “Contractor”) who will undertake the work on their behalf. The contract should state the following: a) that all work should be carried out in accordance with this Part of BS 7121; b) that the Contractor should appoint a person, in accorda
45、nce with 3.2, to the satisfaction of the Employing Organization; c) that all information or services provided by the Employing Organization to facilitate compliance with this Part of BS 7121 should be notified to the Contractor in writing. All other recommendations given in this Part of BS 7121 shou
46、ld be followed by the Contractor. The Contractor should be given full authority to fulfil his obligations relating to this Part of BS 7121 including, where appropriate, authority to control and instruct the Employing Organizations personnel. NOTEAlthough this Part of BS 7121 is intended to assist or
47、ganizations to comply with their statutory and common law obligations, it does not relieve them from these obligations. Before entering into a contract, Employing Organizations have a duty to satisfy themselves that the Contractor has the necessary competence to carry out the work in accordance with
48、 this Part of BS 7121. 3.4.2 Users duties when using hired cranes. When a crane is hired out together with a driver to the organization requiring the load to be moved (the “User Organization”), the crane owner has a duty to provide a competent driver (see 5.2.1 and 6.1) and a crane that is properly
49、maintained and inspected, thoroughly examined, tested and certified (see 8.7, 8.8, 11.2.2, 11.3, 11.5 and clauses 13 to 15). The User Organization retains the responsibility for appointing the competent person in accordance with 3.2, for those matters for which the appointed person is expressly made responsible and for following the recommendations given in this Part of BS 7121. Notwithstanding any advice the crane owner may have offered concerning the selection of a particular crane or any other relevant matter, the responsibility fo
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