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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7543:2003 Guide to durability of buildings and building elements, products and components ICS 91.040.01; 91.060.01 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:48:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7543:2003 This British
2、 Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on XX July 2003 BSI 18 July 2003 First published March 1992 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British standard: Committee reference B/500/3 Draft for comment 87/15323 DC ISBN 0 580 38789
3、5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee B/500/3, upon which the following bodies were represented: Building Research Establishment (BRE) British Board of Agrment (BBA) British Institute of Facilities Management
4、(BIFM) Building Services Research and Information Association (BSRIA) Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) Civil Engineering Contractors Association (CECA) Construction Confederation Construction Products Association Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Defence Estates Home Office Institution of Civil
5、 Engineers (ICE) Institution of Structural Engineers Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (Building Regulations Division) Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Scottish Office (Construction and Building) The following bodies were also represented in the drafti
6、ng of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of Building Component Manufacturers Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:48:04 GM
7、T+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7543:2003 BSI 18 July 2003 i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Section 1. General1 0Introduction1 1Scope1 2Definitions1 Section 2. Expression of durability3 3Design life3 Annex A (informative) Agents that cause deterioration
8、5 Annex B (informative) Examples of premature deterioration21 Annex C (informative) Annotated bibliography24 Publication(s) referred toInside back cover Figure 1 Isotherms of minimum shade air temperatures (C) for the UK10 Figure 2 Isotherms of maximum shade air temperatures (C) for the UK11 Figure
9、3 Curves showing the distribution of energy in the solar spectrum outside the atmosphere and at sea-level13 Figure 4 Maximum directional annual driving rain index map for the UK14 Table 1 Maintenance levels (other than daily and routine cleaning)4 Table 2 Agents relevant to building performance7 Tab
10、le 3 Agents that can affect the service life of building components and materials9 Table 4 Some examples of actions that have caused premature deterioration22 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:48:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
11、7543:2003 ii BSI 18 July 2003 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Basic Data and Performance Criteria for Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS 7543:1992 which is withdrawn. This new edition of BS 7543 incorpora
12、tes technical changes only. It does not reflect a full review or revision of the standard, which will be undertaken in due course. An International Standard, ISO 15686, Buildings and constructed assets Service life planning, was first published in 2000. The provisions of ISO 15686 have replaced many
13、 of the provisions of the previous edition of this standard. However, there are a number of elements of this standard which are complementary to ISO 15686. This edition of this standard incorporates the complementary elements, while those elements of the standard replaced by ISO 15686 have been remo
14、ved from this edition. Instances of the premature failure of buildings have highlighted the need for more attention to be paid to all aspects of durability. This British Standard will assist the communication of information on durability between the parties involved in a building project, i.e. clien
15、ts, designers, manufacturers, contractors and specialists. It is intended to discourage unrealistic expectations of service life of buildings and parts of buildings. Annex A gives information on the prediction of durability for buildings and parts of buildings and guidance on the way agents can affe
16、ct service life. Annex B describes some common examples of construction failure that have occurred in the last 20 years where expectations of durability have not been met. Annex C is an annotated bibliography giving further reading on topics covered in this guide. NOTE Users are encouraged to invest
17、igate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the bibliographic references given. Although BS 5760 “Reliability of systems, equipment and components” deals comprehensively with reliability and durability, in all industries, it was considered necessary to provide a separate publicatio
18、n specifically for the construction industry 1. However, some of the terms used in BS 5760 and the techniques that it recommends are relevant. This British Standard has been written for all members of a building team who provide information on durability, that is: clients, designers, manufacturers a
19、nd those responsible for maintenance. It is also relevant to the preparation of information in standards and technical approvals for products. For simplicity the term “parts” has been used throughout to cover building elements, products and components. Specific guidance on the durability of particul
20、ar parts of buildings is given in many other British Standards, some of which are referred to in Annex C. It should also be remembered that the design life of parts of a building will often need to be less that the design life of the whole building and that this can be perfectly compatible with the
21、usage and refurbishment cycles of normal building occupancy. In using this guide it should be remembered that predicting durability is not an exact science. It is essential to be aware that periods arrived at for the predicted life of a building and its parts will sometimes be no more than an inform
22、ed estimation and that it will usually be helpful to state the facts, assumptions and references on which the periods are based. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Stand
23、ard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 28, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last
24、 issued. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:48:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7543:2003 BSI 18 July 2003 1 Section 1. General 0 Introduction 0.1 General To predict durability and building life many factors need to be considered.
25、 These include experience, results of assessments and tests and the effect of the actions of agents on different parts of the building. It is also important that this information is communicated clearly. Adherence to the forms of expression and terms defined in Clause 2 will help to avoid misunderst
26、andings. 0.2 Experience Prediction has to take into account the variability of conditions, workmanship and maintenance and the practical problems of handling, installing and inspection of components on a building site. The maintenance, repair and replacement of buildings and parts of buildings provi
27、des a wealth of experience on durability. However, in all but a few cases, there is a lack of systematically collated data that can form a basis from which durability can be predicted with any certainty. 0.3 Assessment techniques and life cycle costing Techniques are being developed to assess when i
28、tems should be replaced. For example life cycle costing can be used to predict the limit of durability which is reached when it is no longer economical to maintain and repair an item rather than when it is no longer possible to do so. Life cycle costing can help to predict the limit of durability of
29、 some items on economic grounds 1 2. Other items, in particular mechanical services, may need to be replaced before they fail in order to avoid interrupting the use of a building. Hazard analysis techniques can help to identify such items. 0.4 Agents Agents that cause deterioration in buildings, suc
30、h as driving rain and foot traffic, can each be measured. An agents action may vary nationally (for example the velocity and direction of driving rain varies from one part of the country to another) but local variations and variations from one side of a building to another may be just as significant
31、. 0.5 Communications To avoid misunderstandings that can lead to construction failures each member of a building-team should have a clear understanding of what is possible, what is required and what is provided in terms of durability. They may then need to communicate this information to others. Thi
32、s guide makes recommendations that will help with the communications of information about durability. 1 Scope This British Standard gives guidance on durability, required and predicted service life and design life of buildings and their components and/or parts. It applies primarily to new buildings
33、and their components and/or parts rather than to alterations and repairs. It also gives guidance on presenting information on the service and design life of buildings and their components and/or parts when a detailed brief is being developed. This British Standard applies to civil engineering projec
34、ts involving buildings, but only partially to other civil engineering projects such as roads, bridges and dams. This British Standard does not deal with many aspects of obsolescence, i.e. when buildings or parts of buildings are replaced or altered either to suit different needs and changing conditi
35、ons including change of use, mandatory requirements or when new products offer better performance without a corresponding increase in cost. It should also be borne in mind that a decision to replace or alter obsolete buildings or their parts may be influenced by a reassessment of their predicted ser
36、vice lives. NOTE 1The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. NOTE 2The numbers in square brackets in the text of this standard refer to the numbered references in Annex C. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the definitions in
37、 BS ISO 15686 apply together with those given in BS 6100. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:48:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:48:04 G
38、MT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7543:2003 BSI 18 July 2003 3 Section 2. Expression of durability 3 Design life A badly stated requirement for design life, can lead to misunderstanding at a later date. When a period for required service life is given the following information is essentia
39、l: a) time (or a time measure such as running time or cycles of use) against which durability is to be assessed; b) conditions in which the item will have to perform (i.e. environmental conditions and levels of maintenance and usage); c) performance point at which functions become unsatisfactory (fo
40、r example the light transmission through a glass reinforced plastics (GRP) rooflight decreases over the period of use. A decision has to be made on when to change the rooflight for a new one that will give a greater light transmission). The required service life for a building should be qualified by
41、 additional information on conditions of use and maintenance levels. Table 1 lists three levels of maintenance based on the types of inspection described in 4.2.3 of BS 8210:1986. When seeking predicted service life statements from manufacturers the required service life for parts of buildings shoul
42、d also be qualified by information of the following two types. a) Information on exposure. This is particularly important where the required service life is part of a performance specification presented to a manufacturer supplying external components for use in a building that is not known to him. b
43、) Details of adjacent materials and fixings. The movement of adjacent components and the chemical compatibility of materials is often critical to the durability of an assembly. These details are particularly important when the required life is given to a manufacturer of components in a performance s
44、pecification. General statements and schematic details may not be enough to identify risks. It is essential that the allowances made for thermal and moisture movement and for isolating incompatible materials are fully described. Very durable, long lasting construction is usually more expensive and m
45、ay restrict the design to a limited range of materials. Consequently a long required service life is likely to increase the cost of the project and can limit the design solutions that meet the brief. Funding of building construction often implies a required service life at least as long as the perio
46、d of the loan used to finance the building. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:48:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7543:2003 4 BSI 18 July 2003 Section 2 Table 1 Maintenance levels (other than daily and routine cleaning) LevelDesc
47、riptionScopeExamples 1Repair onlyMaintenance restricted to restoring items to their original function after a failure Replacement of jammed valves; reglazing of broken windows 2Scheduled maintenance plus repair Maintenance work carried out to a predetermined interval of time, number of operations, r
48、egular cycles etc. (see Note), Five yearly external joinery painting cycle. Five yearly recoating of roof membrane with solar reflective paint 3Condition based maintenance plus repair Maintenance carried out as a result of knowledge of an items condition. The condition having been reported through a
49、 systematic inspection (procedure) Five yearly inspections of historic churches etc. leading to planned maintenance NOTEThe length of the regular maintenance cycle is an important factor. It may be stated in the brief or agreed while the design is being developed. BS 8210 recommends systematic inspections as follows: a) continuous, regular observation by the building user as part of the occupancy of the building; and b) annual visual inspection of the main elements under supervision
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