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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7562-2: 1992 Planning, design and installation of irrigation schemes Part 2: Guide for acquisition of site data Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7562-2:1992 This British St
2、andard, having been prepared under the direction of the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1992 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:
3、Committee reference AGE/30 Draft for comment 87/73202 DC ISBN 0 580 21019 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee (AGE/-) to Technical Committee AGE/30, upon whic
4、h the following bodies were represented: Agricultural Engineers Association British Agricultural and Garden Machinery Association Ltd. Health and Safety Executive Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Silsoe College Silsoe Research Institute UK Irrigation Association Wat
5、er Services Association of England and Wales Well Drillers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7562-2:1992 BSI 07-1999i Conten
6、ts Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2References1 3Definitions1 4Developing an irrigation system1 5Persons and organizations involved and other interested parties3 6Sources of information3 7Existing systems and equipment5 8Site plan6 9Climate data10 10Soil10 11Crops11
7、12System operation11 13Water source11 Figure 1 Developing an irrigation system1 Figure 2 Scope of procedures2 Figure 3 Persons and organizations involved4 Figure 4 Example of a site plan illustrating site and preliminary d esign features9 Table 1 Interested parties including objectors3 Table 2 Key t
8、o site features8 Table 3 Water quality12 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7562-2:1992 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This Part of BS 7562 has been prepared under t
9、he direction of the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee and contains recommendations on good practice in the planning, design and installation of irrigation schemes in the UK, together with information and guidance. It is intended for the use of engineers and farmers hav
10、ing some knowledge of the subject. It embodies the experience of engineers successfully engaged on the design and construction of irrigation schemes so that other reasonably qualified engineers may use it as a basis for the design of similar irrigation schemes. A guide represents good practice at th
11、e time it is written and inevitably, technical developments may render parts of it obsolescent in time. It is the responsibility of engineers concerned with the design and construction of schemes to remain conversant with developments in good practice, which have taken place since publication of the
12、 guide. BS 7562 has been prepared in six parts as follows. Part 1: Glossary of terms; Part 2: Guide for acquisition of site data; Part 3: Guide for irrigation water requirements1); Part 4: Guide for water resources1); Part 5: Guide for distribution systems and irrigation equipment1); Part 6: Guide f
13、or feasibility and implementation procedures. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligati
14、ons. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
15、 inside front cover. 1) In preparation. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7562-2:1992 BSI 07-19991 1 Scope This Part of BS 7562 identifies basic site data which need to be acquired and analysed
16、 to enable the designer, consultant, supplier or customer to check and confirm all site parameters and features which need to be observed for the planning, design and installation of irrigation schemes. 2 References 2.1 Normative references This Part of BS 7562 incorporates, by reference, provisions
17、 from a specific edition of another publication. This normative reference is cited at the appropriate point in the text and the publication is listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, this publication apply to this Part of BS 7562 only when incorporated in it by up
18、dating or revision. 2.2 Informative references This British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest edition
19、s. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 7562 the definitions given in BS 7562-1:1992 apply. 4 Developing an irrigation system 4.1 General There are several ways of developing an irrigation system. These may involve either design, supply or installation or a combination of these. Figure
20、1 shows the most common approaches diagramatically. Figure 2 indicates the scope of procedures covered. 4.2 System design only In the case of system design only, the sole requirement is to design the irrigation system. This should usually include the calculation of all performance criteria and the s
21、pecification and costing of the equipment for the system. System design may be carried out by any competent body including a consultant, manufacturer, dealer or specialist contractor. 4.3 Equipment supply only In the case of equipment supply only, previously specified equipment is supplied to the cl
22、ient. There is no involvement in designing or installing the equipment. Equipment should normally be supplied by competent specialist contractors, dealers and/or manufacturers. Figure 1 Developing an irrigation system Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec
23、 08 13:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7562-2:1992 2 BSI 07-1999 Figure 2 Scope of procedures Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7562-2:1992 BSI 07-19993 4.4 Equipment instal
24、lation only In the case of equipment installation only, there is no involvement in either design or supply. Equipment installation may be completed by any competent body including a dealer, a specialist contractor or the client. 4.5 System design and equipment supply only In the case of system desig
25、n and equipment supply only there is no involvement in installation. System design and equipment supply in combination may be carried out by any competent body including specialist contractors, the manufacturer or a consultant. 4.6 Equipment supply and installation Supply and installation in combina
26、tion may be carried out by any competent body including specialist contractors, the manufacturer or the dealer. 4.7 System design, equipment supply and installation Design, supply and installation in combination may be implemented by any competent body including specialist contractors, the manufactu
27、rer or a consultant. 5 Persons and organisations involved and other interested parties 5.1 General There may be many different persons, bodies, authorities, and organizations involved in the design of irrigation systems as shown in Figure 3. Searches should be completed on behalf of the client, by t
28、he party that has overall responsibility for the irrigation system. 5.2 Interested parties including objectors There may be objectors and other interested parties who could be involved in the design, supply or installation of the irrigation system as indicated in Table 1. Table 1 Interested parties
29、including objectors 6 Sources of information 6.1 General The planning and design of irrigation schemes will require detailed information on site locations, land topography, soils, climate and water. Sources of information are given in 6.2 to 6.5. 6.2 Site features The Ordnance Survey2) produce vario
30、us scale maps. Large scale maps are recommended for designing and installing irrigation schemes. The large scale maps include 1 : 1 250, 1 : 2 500, 1 : 10 000 (previously 1 : 10 560). Where Ordnance Survey (OS) maps are used for design, a licence may need to be obtained from the Ordnance Survey and
31、royalties paid, depending on the size and quantity of maps copied for design purposes. Some of the uses of large scale maps are as follows. a) 1 : 1 250 maps. These cover major urban areas in Great Britain. Each map represents an area of 500 m2. They are an essential source of detailed information f
32、or such things as the planning of developments, road and property management, land registration, the location and maintenance of telecommunications, electricity, gas and water pipelines. Height information is in the form of spot heights and bench marks. b) 1 : 2 500 maps. These maps cover the remain
33、der of Great Britain, apart from areas of mountain and moorland, and provide sufficient detail for irrigation planning. Height information is provided by bench marks and spot heights. Where details of contours are needed for the irrigation system design it may be necessary to interpret contours from
34、 the 1 : 10 560 or 1 : 10 000 scale maps or to survey on site. Maps need regular updating because of changes in field boundaries. This updating should be carried out on site before any planning work proceeds. c) 1 : 10 560 maps. These maps cover the whole of Great Britain, but are being replaced by
35、the 1 : 10 000 scale. SiteWater Archeological Governmental Religious Environmental National Rivers Authority Existing water users Environmental 2) For all parts of Great Britain, Ordnance Survey Maps can be obtained from: Ordnance Survey, Romsey Road, Southampton, SO9 4DH. Licensed Copy: London Sout
36、h Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7562-2:1992 4 BSI 07-1999 Figure 3 Persons and organizations involved Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Unco
37、ntrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7562-2:1992 BSI 07-19995 They are the largest scale of maps to show contours and are normally used in the UK to determine system elevations for design purposes. Maps which are at 1 : 10 560 scale show contours at 25 feet vertical intervals, but they are being replaced by 1
38、: 10 000 scale maps with contours at 10 m vertical intervals in mountainous areas and 5 m intervals elsewhere. 6.3 Site soils Soil survey maps3) contain details of local variations of the surface soils and natural drainage. Maps at scales of 1 : 63 360 and 1 : 25 000 have been published for large ar
39、eas of Great Britain. Publications are also available which describe the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of soils and explain their distribution. 6.4 Climate The Meteorological Office collects and publishes information in the United Kingdom. The observations are published in var
40、ious forms as follows. a) Daily. Surface observations from 55 places in the British Isles are shown in the Daily Weather Report 1. b) Monthly. The Monthly Weather Report 2 summarizes weather observations for about 600 stations in the United Kingdom. Principal data available include, air temperature,
41、 rainfall and sunshine. c) Annually. Monthly and annual rainfall totals for about 6000 stations, with amounts and dates of maximum daily falls are published in British Rainfall 3. Additional data listed include estimates of evapotranspiration, and measurements of actual evaporation and transpiration
42、. This information is given for a number of stations. d) Evaporation and soil water data. Evaporation and soil water information are regularly published in the Soil Moisture Deficit Bulletin 4, which includes data on potential evapotranspiration over Great Britain. Data published on a monthly and on
43、 an annual basis are normally used for planning and design purposes. At least 10 years of records should be considered. 6.5 Site water 6.5.1 Surface water data These data are collected by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) and occasionally by local authorities. A client may also wish to monitor flo
44、ws in streams and other types of water source. Data are now published by the Institute of Hydrology4). 6.5.2 Ground water Ground water data are collected by the NRA and by the British Geological Survey5) which is the national repository of geological records. Among the records it possesses are the f
45、ield observations embodied in the geological maps and memoirs, and records of about 250 000 wells, shafts and boreholes. Requests to the British Geological Survey for data should be accompanied by a copy of the Ordnance Survey map showing the site location. 7 Existing systems and equipment 7.1 Gener
46、al Where there is existing equipment on site and the equipment is to be incorporated in the planned irrigation system, it is essential that the original detailed installation plan (as laid) is available and understandable. Information needs to be obtained on: a) area irrigated; b) existing sources o
47、f water (see note); c) pumpset specification; d) pump fittings (including diameter and lengths); e) pump characteristics; f) distribution mains (including materials, diameter, lengths, pipe classes); g) infield irrigation equipment (including discharges and pressures). NOTEIt is necessary to check w
48、hether an abstraction licence is held by the client. 7.2 Operating data The following operating data need to be obtained: a) water depth applied to crop; b) number of irrigations per year; c) number of irrigation days per year; d) number of irrigation hours per day. 3) Soil survey maps can be obtain
49、ed from the Soil Survey and Land Research Centre, Silsoe Campus, Silsoe MK45 4DT. 4) Institute of Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Berkshire. 5) British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7562-2:1992 6 BSI 07-1999 7.3 Abstraction licence Many details are given on the abstraction licence. The following relate specifically to the irrigation system design: a) serial num
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