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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7583:1996 Specification for Portland limestone cement Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:46:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7583:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sect
2、or Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1996 BSI 02-1999 First published August 1992 Second edition May 1996 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/516/6 Dra
3、ft for comment 94/100796 DC ISBN 0 580 25309 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/516, Cement and lime, to Subcommittee B/516/6, Cement specifications, upon which the following bodies were represented: Brit
4、ish Aggregate Construction Materials Industries British Cement Association British Precast Concrete Federation British Ready Mixed Concrete Association Cement Admixtures Association Cementitious Slag Makers Association County Surveyors Society Department of the Environment (Building Research Establi
5、shment) Department of Transport (Highways Agency) Electricity Association National Rivers Authority Quality Ash Association Society of Chemical Industry Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:4
6、6:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7583:1996 BSI 02-1999i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1Scope 1 2References1 3Definitions 1 4Cement 1 5Constituents 1 6Composition and notation 2 7Compressive strength2 8Physical properties 3 9Chemical properties3
7、 10Marking 3 11Information to be provided 3 12Sampling and testing for acceptance inspection at delivery 4 Annex A (informative) Conformity criteria (cement manufacturers autocontrol) 5 Annex B (informative) Compositional requirements for all cement types 8 Annex C (informative) Product guidance 9 T
8、able 1 Compressive strength3 Table 2 Chemical properties 4 Table 3 Acceptance inspection limits4 Table A.1 Minimum testing frequencies 6 Table A.2 Parameters determining the conformity procedure7 Table A.3 Major defects8 Table A.4 Acceptability constant kA 8 Table A.5 Acceptable number of defects cA
9、 8 Table B.1 Extreme compositional possibilities 9 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:46:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7583:1996 ii BSI 02-1999 Foreword This edition of this British Standard
10、has been prepared by Subcommittee B/516/6. It introduces technical changes but it does not reflect a full review or revision of the standard, which will be undertaken in due course. It is based on the work of Technical Committee 51, Cement and building limes, of the European Committee for Standardiz
11、ation (CEN), which has prepared a European Prestandard specification for cements published as DD ENV 197-1. As an intrinsic part of this activity, CEN has published EN 196, a series of methods of testing cement, which the UK is implementing to replace the relevant Parts of BS 4550. In consequence, t
12、his British Standard specifies requirements in terms of the test procedures in BS EN 196. It supersedes BS 7583:1992 which is withdrawn. This British Standard covers a type of cement, containing up to 20 % of a specified limestone, which is new to the UK but is well established in several European c
13、ountries, particularly France and Spain. It includes two classes of standard strength, 32.5 and 42.5, each with two subclasses of early strength, and also a higher class of standard strength, 52.5. Research work has not so far been carried out in the UK on the 42.5 and 52.5 strength classes of this
14、cement but the 32.5 strength class is the subject of a substantial ongoing research programme under the auspices of the Building Research Establishment. Although there is no longer-term laboratory evidence yet in the UK, results after 2 years suggest that concretes designed for the same standard cub
15、e strength are likely to have similar performance when using cements conforming to this standard and when using cements that conform to BS 12 or BS 6588. Thus, in designed mixes, as described in BS 5328-1, the concrete made with this cement may be considered to be potentially as durable as that made
16、 with Portland cement conforming to BS 12 provided that it achieves the same grade as a concrete made with the Portland cement. However, in prescribed or standard mixes, as described in BS 5328-1, unless the cement content is increased appropriately, the use of cement of the 32.5 standard strength c
17、lass will lead to concrete of lower compressive strength and may reduce durability, compared with cements of a higher strength class. Compositional requirements are expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the constituents but excluding calcium sulfate and any additives. This departure from th
18、e traditional method of calculation in the UK is fully explained in Annex B. The requirements for compressive strength, physical and chemical properties are specified as characteristic values, and conformity is assessed by means of a statistical procedure for continuous inspection operated by the ce
19、ment manufacturer (autocontrol) (see Annex A). This includes the concept of “major defects” which are “likely to reduce materially the usability of the cement for its intended purpose”. However, DD ENV 197-1 is considered to be inappropriate for the manufacture of cement in the UK and the annex ther
20、efore incorporates several footnotes identifying specific aspects. In particular, it is assumed, for this British Standard, that some limits are required for acceptance inspection. Clause 12 therefore gives appropriate values which in several cases are more stringent that those for major defects giv
21、en in Annex A. This edition introduces the following changes. a) The limit for sulfate (expressed as SO3) of 3.0 % (m/m) has been changed to 3.5 % (m/m) (corresponding to an acceptance inspection limit of 3.6 % (m/m) of the final cement). b) Guidance on the use of cement has been included in Annex C
22、, and attention is drawn to the safety precautions recommended therein when working with cement. Cement will partially hydrate when exposed to water vapour; Annex C also includes guidance on storage. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:46:50 GMT+0
23、0:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS7583:1996 BSI 02-1999iii Product certification. Purchasers are recommended to specify cement manufactured and supplied to a nationally recognized third party product certification scheme. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisi
24、ons of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 10, an i
25、nside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:46:50 GMT
26、+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:46:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7583:1996 BSI 02-19991 1 Scope This British Standard1) specifies requirements for the composition, the manufac
27、ture and for the strength, physical and chemical properties of Portland limestone cement as characteristic values. Requirements for marking, provision of information, sampling and testing for acceptance at delivery are also specified. It gives the procedures for the manufacturers autocontrol system
28、to ensure conformity. 2 References 2.1 Normative references This British Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are made at the appropriate places in the text and the cited publications are listed on the inside back cover.
29、 For dated references, only the edition cited applies; any subsequent amendments to or revisions of the cited publication apply to this standard only when incorporated in the reference by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the cited publication applies, together wit
30、h any amendments. 2.2 Informative references This British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions.
31、 3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the definitions given in BS 6100-6.1:1984 apply together with the following. characteristic value that value of a property corresponding to an acceptable percentage of defects, generally 10 % but 5 % for the lower strength limits 4 Cement NOTE
32、 1Cement is a hydraulic binder, i.e. it is a finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed with water, forms a paste which sets and hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes and which, after hardening, retains its strength and stability even under water. Cement conforming to this Br
33、itish Standard shall, when appropriately batched and mixed with aggregate and water, be capable of producing mortar or concrete which retains workability for a sufficient time and shall after defined periods attain specified strength levels and also possess long-term volume stability. NOTE 2Hydrauli
34、c hardening of cement conforming to this British Standard is primarily due to the hydration of calcium silicates2), but other chemical compounds may also participate in the hardening process, e.g. aluminates. The sum of the proportions of reactive calcium oxide (CaO)3) and the reactive silicon dioxi
35、de (SiO2)4) shall be not less than 50 % (m/m). Cement conforming to this British Standard ultimately consists of individual small grains of different materials but it shall be statistically homogeneous in composition. A high degree of uniformity in all cement properties shall be obtained through con
36、tinuous mass production processes, in particular adequate grinding and homogenization processes. NOTE 3Qualified and skilled personnel and the facilities to test, evaluate and adjust product quality are essential for producing cement conforming to this British Standard. During the cement manufacturi
37、ng process and its control, the composition of the cement shall be kept within the limits specified in this British Standard. 5 Constituents 5.1 Portland cement clinker Portland cement clinker is a hydraulic material which shall consist of not less than two-thirds by mass of calcium silicates (CaO)3
38、.SiO2 and (CaO)2.SiO2, the remainder containing aluminium oxide (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3) and other oxides. The ratio by mass (CaO)/(SiO2) shall be not less than 2.0. The content of magnesium oxide (MgO) shall not exceed 5.0 % (m/m). 1) Other types of cement standardized in the UK are specified in
39、 BS 12, BS 146, BS 915, BS 1370, BS 4027, BS 4246, BS 4248, BS 6588 and BS 6610 2) There are also cements whose hardening is mainly due to other compounds, e.g. calcium aluminate in high alumina cement. 3) Reactive calcium oxide (CaO) is considered to be only that fraction of the CaO which under nor
40、mal hardening conditions can form calcium silicate hydrates or calcium aluminate hydrates. To evaluate this fraction, the total CaO content is to be reduced by the part calculated as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the basis of the measured carbon dioxide (CO2) content and the part calculated as calciu
41、m sulfate (CaSO4) on the basis of the measured sulfate content (expressed as SO3) disregarding the SO3 taken up by alkalis. 4) Reactive silicon dioxide (SiO2) is defined as that fraction of the SiO2 which, after treatment with hydrochloric acid (HCl), is soluble in boiling potassium hydroxide (KOH)
42、solution. The quantity of reactive SiO2 is determined by subtracting from the total SiO2 content (see 13.9 of BS EN 196-2:1995) that fraction of the SiO2 contained in the insoluble residue (see clause 10 of BS EN 196-2:1995), both on a dry basis. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London S
43、outh Bank University, Fri Dec 08 14:46:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7583:1996 2 BSI 02-1999 Portland cement clinker shall be made by burning, at least to sintering, a precisely specified mixture of raw materials (raw meal, paste or slurry) containing CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and small qu
44、antities of other materials. The raw meal, paste or slurry shall be finely divided, intimately mixed and therefore homogeneous. 5.2 Limestone NOTE 1Specially selected calcareous materials with an appropriate particle size distribution can improve the physical properties of the cement (such as workab
45、ility or concrete bleeding). NOTE 2Limestone should not appreciably increase the water demand of the cement. Limestone shall be correctly prepared, i.e. selected, homogenized, dried and comminuted depending on its state of production or delivery. It shall not impair the resistance of the concrete or
46、 mortar made from the cement to deterioration in any way or reduce the corrosion protection of the reinforcement. Limestone shall have the following properties. 5.3 Minor additional constituents Minor additional constituents if present shall be one or more of granulated blastfurnace slag, natural po
47、zzolana or pulverized-fuel ash (fly ash). NOTE 1The minor additional constituents should not promote corrosion of the reinforcement or impair the properties of the cement or of the mortar or concrete made from the cement. NOTE 2Granulated blastfurnace slag is made by rapid cooling of a slag melt of
48、suitable composition, as obtained in smelting iron ore in a blastfurnace. Natural pozzolanas are usually substances of volcanic origin or sedimentary rocks with appropriate chemical and mineralogical composition. Fly ash is obtained by electrostatic or mechanical precipitation of dust-like particles
49、 from the flue gases from furnaces fired with pulverized hard coal. Ash obtained by other methods is not considered in this British Standard. 5.4 Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfate shall be added in small quantities to the other constituents of cement during its manufacture in order to control setting. NOTECalcium sulfate can be gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO4.2H2O), hemihydrate (CaSO4.H2O), or anhydrite (anhydrous calcium sulfate, CaSO4) or any mixture of them. Gypsum and anhydrite are found naturally. Calcium sulfate is also available as a by-produc
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