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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 8213-1: 1991 Windows, doors and rooflights Part 1: Code of practice for safety in use and during cleaning of windows and doors (including guidance on cleaning materials and methods) Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:40:38 GMT
2、+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8213-1:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Elements and Components Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 28 June 1991 BSI 12-1998 The following B
3、SI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ECB/15 Draft for comment 89/13815 DC ISBN 0 580 19719 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Elements and Components (of Diverse Materials) for Buildings S
4、tandards Policy Committee (ECB/-) to Technical Committee ECB/15, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Window Association Association of Builders Hardware Manufacturers British Plastics Federation British Wood Preserving and Damp-Proofing Association British Woodworking Federat
5、ion Building Employers Confederation Construction Fixings Association Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of Health Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Flat Glass Manufacturers Association Glass and Glazing
6、Federation Guild of Architectural Ironmongers Health and Safety Executive Institution of Fire Engineers Local Authority Organizations London Housing Consortium National House-Building Council Royal Institute of British Architects Steel Window Association Timber Research and Development Association A
7、mendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:40:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8213-1:1991 BSI 12-1998i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Section 1. G
8、eneral 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Legislation and regulations1 Section 2. Safety in use 4Aspects of safety influencing design2 5Safety of open windows and doors2 6Risks when operating windows3 7Risk of accidental impact on the glazing4 Section 3. Access for cleaning 8Main accident risks5 9Cleaning from
9、outside5 10Cleaning from inside7 Appendix A Guidance on window cleaning materials and methods12 Figure 1 Safety rail outside inward opening french door2 Figure 2 Danger of open side hung casement on the ground floor3 Figure 3 Arrangement of doors to suit pedestrian traffic flow4 Figure 4 Typical saf
10、e reach for cleaning an open casement9 Figure 5 Typical safe reach for cleaning from an adjacent opening light9 Figure 6 Safe downwards reach for cleaning fixed lights through an opening light above the ground floor on a sheer wall face10 Figure 7 Dangers in cleaning large top hung projecting window
11、s from inside10 Figure 8 Dangers of working from steps and of cleaning fixed side lights through an opening light11 Figure 9 Dangers of working from steps and of cleaning fixed top lights through an opening light11 Figure 10 Dangers of reaching over a pivoted window that does not reverse completely1
12、1 Table 1 Analysis of risks in cleaning the outside of windows from inside8 Publication(s) referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:40:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8213-1:1991 ii BSI 12-1998 Foreword Thi
13、s Part of BS 8213 has been prepared under the direction of the Elements and Components (of Diverse Materials) for Buildings Standards Policy Committee and supersedes CP 153-1:1969 which is withdrawn. It is intended that Parts 1 to 3 of BS 8213 will form a revision of Parts 1 to 3 of CP 153 “Windows
14、and rooflights” which was published in four Parts between 1969 and 1972 as follows: Part 1: 1969: Cleaning and safety (withdrawn); Part 2: 1970: Durability and maintenance; Part 3: 1972: Sound insulation; Part 4: 1972: Fire hazards associated with glazing in buildings (withdrawn). The responsibility
15、 for Part 4 of CP 153 was transferred to the Fire Standards Committee in 1981: it was withdrawn in April 1986 and replaced by Part 3 of PD 6512 in March 1987. This is the second Part of BS 8213 to be published. BS 8213-4 is a code of practice for the installation of replacement windows and doorsets
16、in dwellings and provides information that was not given in CP 153. The principal changes in this revision of CP 153-1 include more detailed references to legislation (the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and the Factories Act 1961) and the addition of a graded analysis of the risks involved
17、in cleaning the outside of windows from the inside. The revision generally reflects the changes in techniques and the development of safety equipment etc. that have occurred since 1969 and reference is made to all the relevant standards that have been published since then. The recommendations in thi
18、s code are directed towards architects, surveyors and window designers, public authorities, glazing contractors, professional window cleaners, building owners and users and householders. The code does not apply to some historic buildings and, where under the Town and Country Planning Acts normal sta
19、ndards cannot be met, special provisions for cleaning and safety will have to be provided. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not
20、of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This wi
21、ll be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:40:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8213-1:1991 BSI 12-19981 Section 1. General 1 Scope This Part of BS 8213 gives recommendation
22、s on the design, construction and maintenance of windows and doors for safety in use and during cleaning. It includes recommendations on safe working practices to safeguard those who clean them, whether professional cleaners or householders, and recommendations on opening and on the operating height
23、s of window controls to safeguard occupants and passers-by. The type and thickness of vertical glazing to be used in risk areas is recommended in BS 6262. Guidance on cleaning materials and methods is given in appendix A. NOTE 1Recommendations for the maintenance of wood and metal window frames are
24、given in CP 153-2. NOTE 2Recommendations for the maintenance and cleaning of patent glazing are given in BS 5516 and recommendations for the cleaning of metals and alloys is included in BS 6270-3. NOTE 3Performance requirements for the operation and strength of windows are specified in BS 6375-2. NO
25、TE 4The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 8213 the definitions given in BS 6100 apply, together with the following. 2.1 glazing the glass or plastics sheet material to be cleaned 2.2 vertical
26、 glazing glazing which is either truly vertical or sloping at up to 15 either side of true vertical 2.3 competent person a person able to perform a particular duty having sufficient practical and theoretical knowledge and actual experience of the work in question to enable hazards associated with th
27、e work being undertaken to be recognized 3 Legislation and regulations Attention is drawn to the provisions of the following Acts and Regulations: Factories Act 1961 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 Health and Safety at Work (NI) Order 1976 Construction (General provisions) Regulations 1961 T
28、he Construction (Working Places) Regulations 1966 NOTE 1The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 applies to all engaged in window cleaning (other than servants in domestic households) undertaken at work and also imposes general duties of a wide nature on employers and employees etc. NOTE 2See HSE
29、 Guidance Note GS/25 for further information. NOTE 3Although excluded from the provisions of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 it is recommended that domestic servants in private households should follow the guidance in this code. NOTE 4The duties imposed by the Construction Regulations ar
30、e sometimes of a higher standard than the general duties imposed under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. See in particular Regulations 35 and 36 of the Construction (Working Places) Regulations 1966. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:
31、40:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8213-1:1991 2 BSI 12-1998 Section 2 Section 2. Safety in use 4 Aspects of safety influencing design Important safety aspects which should be considered in the design of windows and doors are as follows: a) the risk of a person accidentally falling
32、through an open window (see clause 5). b) risks associated with the external projection of open windows and doors (see 5.2.4). c) risks of accidents with doors in public areas (see 5.2.5). d) the rigidity of the framing and its fixings to the structure (see note to clause 6) e) the ease of operation
33、 of opening lights (see 6.1). f) the selection of appropriate hardware at suitable heights for the operation of windows (see 6.1 and 6.2). g) the suitability of the glazing in respect of strength if it is likely to be subjected to impact loads (see clause 7) h) the suitability of frames and the hard
34、ware if cleaning is to be carried out from inside (see clause 10) NOTEWhether cleaning from inside or outside, access needs to be considered (see section 3). i) the suitability of window and door configurations (particularly replacement windows) as a means of escape in the event of fire (see BS 5588
35、-1). 5 Safety of open windows and doors 5.1 High rise housing 5.1.1 Anxiety about window accidents is usually centred on the risk of people falling out and concerns, particularly, the risks posed to young children and old people. With some people a feeling of vertigo is induced by looking down a she
36、er wall face. On such facades, unless there are external balconies which give the necessary protection (see Figure 1) the opening lights of windows in high rise housing should be guarded by internal safety rails. (See 10.4). Safety rails will ordinarily not be useable with vertically pivoted windows
37、, as they would prevent the reversal of the windows for cleaning. With horizontally pivoted windows it may be possible to fix the reversed window to the safety rail for cleaning purposes. In general, safety rails should not be detachable to permit windows to be opened. 5.1.2 Any window opening expos
38、ed below a safety rail should if in a risk area be protected by additional internal rails, placed so that there is no clear opening wider than 100 mm in its smaller dimension. On the second floor and above, those portions of fixed lights coming below 1.1 m from finished floor level should be suitabl
39、y guarded. 5.1.3 Where there is a risk of people and especially of children falling out, windows above the third floor, and preferably those above the ground floor, should have the initial opening restricted to 100 mm by means which cannot readily be misused. Beyond 100 mm there should be some furth
40、er control of the windows movement to prevent violent swinging and slamming in high winds. In these conditions friction hinges and pivots may not be adequate for this purpose. Large side hung opening lights in exposed places may need stays at both top and bottom to prevent distortion by wind. The sa
41、fety bolts or catches used for locking pivoted windows in their reversed positions should be positive in action and not liable to give way under pressure. 5.2 All buildings 5.2.1 General Consideration should be given to the possible need for restricted opening devices, guard rails etc. in multi-stor
42、ey buildings other than high rise housing (see 5.1). Figure 1 Safety rail outside inward opening french door Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:40:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8213-1:1991 BSI 12-19983 Section 2 5.2.2 French do
43、ors Inward opening french doors above ground floor level that do not give access to usable balconies should be protected externally by safety rails (see Figure 1) to comply with the recommendations of BS 6180. The protective barriers should be designed so that they are not easily climbable by childr
44、en, and the top rails should be of such form that they do not serve as temporary seats. 5.2.3 Window fittings All window fittings should be well maintained so that they remain in good working order. Failure to do so can result in excessive loading being needed to force fittings or frames open, and c
45、ould cause accidents through the sudden opening of the frame or could cause glass breakage. 5.2.4 Windows at ground level There is a danger of collision with windows, doors and their fittings that project externally beyond the outer face of the wall (see Figure 2). People should be kept away from su
46、ch hazards, for example by flower beds or loose gravel. On balconies or in public circulation areas such projections should be avoided. 5.2.5 Doors in public areas To minimize the risk of accidents the following should be considered. a) Where there is medium or high frequency of passage through exte
47、rnal doors, the advantage of a flush floor detail to eliminate the possibility of tripping should be weighed against the possible need for a threshold to provide weather resistance. b) Where doors are controlled by floor springs or overhead closers, these should be adjusted sufficiently to prevent t
48、he doors from being held off contact by strong winds but not to the extent that opening becomes difficult. c) Doors should be positioned and handed according to the flow of pedestrian traffic (see Figure 3). NOTEAccidents are less likely to occur if a vision panel or larger area of glass is provided
49、. BS 6262 should be referred to for recommendations concerning safety glazing of doors. 6 Risks when operating windows NOTEFrames, including their coupling members and fixings, designed to meet the lowest wind loads given in CP 3-Chapter V-2 and which meet the loading requirements specified in BS 6375-2, will have sufficient strength to resist loads applied by persons falling against or leaning on the frames. 6.1 Height of window controls Apart from the danger of falling out, falling indoors while trying to open out-of-reach window controls is
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