《BS-8430-2005.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《BS-8430-2005.pdf(32页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 8430:2005 Terminology work Fundamentals made simple ICS 01.020 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 00:46:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8430:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the S
2、tandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 19 January 2005 BSI 19 January 2005 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference TS/1 Draft for comment 04/30089469 DC ISBN 0 580 45115 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of thi
3、s British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee TS/1, Terminology, upon which the following bodies were represented: AQRP Association of Quality Research Practitioners Association of Contact Lens Manufacturers BCS British Computer Society British Library CILIP Chartered Institute of Library
4、and Information Professionals Foundation for Endangered Languages Imperial College London Lancaster University Linguasphere Observatory Nottingham University Surrey County Council Education Authority University of Bangor University of Sheffield University of Surrey Co-opted member Amendments issued
5、since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 00:46:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8430:2005 BSI 19 January 2005 i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 0 Introduction1 1Scope
6、2 2Normative references2 3Terms and definitions2 4Terminology projects2 5Term extraction7 6Terminography19 7Terminology and standardization21 Annex A (informative) Examples of definitions25 Bibliography26 Figure 1 Processes necessary to ensure transparent, accurate, unambiguous and terminologically
7、sound language resources3 Figure 2 Identifying, evaluating and recording documentation3 Figure 3 Form concept systems4 Figure 4 Craft definitions4 Figure 5 Craft terms for preferred term entry5 Figure 6 Documentation of terminology product for use5 Figure 7 The welding process concept system6 Licens
8、ed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 00:46:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8430:2005 ii BSI 19 January 2005 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee TS/1 to provide an introductory guide to the detailed standa
9、rds on terminology work that are to be found in the set of documents produced by Technical Committee 37 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applicat
10、ion. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document
11、indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 00:46:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8430:2005 BSI 19 January 2005 1 0 Introduction 0.1 Information as raw material Information is an important raw mat
12、erial in all branches and aspects of modern economy. The prerequisite for optimal use of this raw material within the economy is clarity of concepts and terms used. Clarity of concept description as a quality characteristic of information within a subject field is as necessary for understanding with
13、in its language of origin as it is when translation into another language is needed. 0.2 Common language and multilingualism The growth of the modern information society and globalization of human activity has led to an equivalent growth in the use of English as the worlds common language and, at th
14、e same time and to the same extent, a growth in an understanding of the importance of multilingual communication if the wealth to be derived from human diversity is to be sustained. This fact and the rapid development of information technologies as well as world-wide networking of databases has made
15、 parallel usage of several languages a matter of course. 0.3 Terminology work The field of terminology aims to provide the tools to manage and access knowledge of differing degrees of complexity in order to facilitate the development of a specialized language that will be widely understood. Terminol
16、ogy represents the totality of conceptual information on a specific subject field and its representation in terms (codes or symbols) and definitions. Terminology work consists of preparation and development (including harmonization and unification) of tools to facilitate efficient subject communicat
17、ion and knowledge organization; and management systematic, computer-assisted recording, processing and use of monolingual and multilingual, terminological data in all fields of science and technology. 0.4 Terms and definitions, words and dictionary meanings Terminology work is concerned with produci
18、ng concept descriptions (definitions) with appropriate designations (terms) for concepts when the specialized descriptive needs of a subject field cannot be met by reference to a dictionary word and one of its listed meanings. The intended goal of producing a terminology is to increase the capabilit
19、y to communicate specialized information with common understanding. This British Standard and the documents upon which it is based provide guidance and recommendations on the principles and practices that characterize terminology work and lead to the creation of terminology. There is a widespread mi
20、sunderstanding that terminology work is intuitive. It is thought that experts in a subject field who are willing to do so, can produce terminology efficiently and effectively simply because they are subject field experts and speak the language in which the terminology is being developed. 0.5 Jargon
21、Jargon is a description that can be applied to specialized language that significantly fails to follow the recommendations of this standard. For example, where a terminology contains terms with prescriptive definitions as opposed to descriptive definitions (a prescriptive definition includes one or
22、more characteristics as a requirement because it is desirable for the purposes of the people creating the definition, not because it forms an essential characteristic for the description of the concept): a) this type of error, is likely to be significant in its harmful impact on the quality characte
23、ristic requirements of transparency and accuracy of concept description in a standardized terminology; b) this type of error can be described as jargon because it amounts to specialized language that may or may not relate to the understanding people generally would infer of the concept. NOTEA prescr
24、iptive definition is a terminology device that can be employed by legislative regulation. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 00:46:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8430:2005 2 BSI 19 January 2005 1 Scope This British Standard provide
25、s guidance for efficient and effective preparation, development, documenting and storing of terminology for use when communication of common understanding of meaning within a subject field is required. This British Standard is intended for use by anyone needing to produce terminology. 2 Normative re
26、ferences The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS 0-3, A standard for standards Part 3: Specificat
27、ion for structure, drafting and presentation. BS ISO 31-0:1992, Quantities and units Part 0: General principles (previously BS 5775-0:1993). BS ISO 704, Terminology work Principles and methods. BS ISO 1087-1, Terminology work Vocabulary Part 1: Theory and application. BS ISO 15188, Project managemen
28、t guidelines for terminology standardization. ISO 10241, International terminology standards Preparation and layout. ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the terms and definitio
29、ns in BS ISO 1087-1 apply. 4 Terminology projects 4.1 Flow charts of processes In order for effective terminology products to be produced efficiently, the processes shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7 should be followed. Licensed Copy: London South Bank U
30、niversity, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 00:46:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8430:2005 BSI 19 January 2005 3 Figure 1 Processes necessary to ensure transparent, accurate, unambiguous and terminologically sound language resources Figure 2 Identifying, evaluating and reco
31、rding documentation 6.3 Order and store term entries for use 5.4 Assign terms 5.3 Craft definitions 5.2.2 Form concept systems Clause 5 Identify and record documents for term extraction Documents containing potential technical concepts Assign code and make bibliographic reference Collected documents
32、 Identify and evaluate documents Select InputOutput Yes No Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 00:46:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8430:2005 4 BSI 19 January 2005 Figure 3 Form concept systems Figure 4 Craft definitions Do concept
33、systems already exist? Can they be harmonized? Abstract information from sources Select form of representation of concepts Model concept systems Selected concepts Harmonized concept system diagram (to be stored as a tool) Yes Yes No No Validate definitions in text Adopt or adapt Data for definitions
34、 Standardized definitions Definition with source Verify definition Include in concept Craft definitions Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 00:46:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8430:2005 BSI 19 January 2005 5 Figure 5 Craft terms fo
35、r preferred term entry Figure 6 Documentation of terminology product for use Craft new term Yes More than one? Do terms exist? YesNo No Terms and synonyms Verify and validate preferred terms Determine preferred terms and synonyms Terminological product meeting teminological needs Evaluate comment an
36、d update the document until users are satisfied Circulate to users for comment Assign codes and order entries in document Crafted terms and definitions Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 00:46:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8430:20
37、05 6 BSI 19 January 2005 4.2 Project management Project management techniques need to be employed in all but the smallest terminology projects. The project leader has a choice between two organizational models the committee work model and the terminology-centred model. In the traditional committee w
38、ork model an individual with experience in terminology work is a member of (or consultant to) a working group; in the terminology-centred model an individual with experience in terminology work produces the vocabulary with a single subject specialist or with subject specialists as consultants. BS IS
39、O 15188 deals in greater depth with the committee work model, but its guidance can easily be adapted to the terminology-centred model. Some terminology projects are modest, e.g. drafting the terms and definitions clause of a standard. In such cases the terminology project will either be considered p
40、art of a larger project (from which it will derive its project management procedures) or it will use the general procedures followed by the organization carrying out the exercise (see Clause 7). Figure 7 The welding process concept system Welding Processes Weld Carbon-arc weld Tungsten inert-gas wel
41、d (by electrode) Metal-arc weld (by whether gas active or inert) Metal inert-gas weld Metal active-gas weld (by gas) Carbon-dioxide weld (by shielding) Manual metal-arc weld) Submerged-arc weld gas-shielded metal arc weld (by heat for fusion) Arc Weld Fusion weld weld with pressure (by radiation sou
42、rce of heat for fusion Laser weld Arc image weld Gas weld Aluminothermic weld Electronic beam weld Light radiation weld Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 00:46:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8430:2005 BSI 19 January 2005 7 5 Term
43、extraction 5.1 Identifying, evaluating and recording documentation (see Figure 2) Relevant documentation should be identified within the scope of the project and relevant sources should be consulted. The types of documentation that can be used include the following: a) authoritative documents (stand
44、ards, industry conventions, laws, regulations); b) documents generally recognized by experts within the subject field (textbooks, periodicals), the authors of which should be recognized authorities in their field; c) current but not necessarily generally recognized material (pamphlets, reports); NOT
45、E 1Out of date documents may not reflect current terminology. d) human sources (members of the working group, project team and other experts); e) terminology databases, bearing in mind that terminologies can reflect a specific school of thought; f) vocabularies, dictionaries and encyclopaedias (voca
46、bularies should have been prepared using recognized terminological research methods). NOTE 2Examples, illustrations and/or concept systems can be found in a variety of sources. All documentation should be evaluated against criteria related to the scope of the project. Translated material should only
47、 be used in exceptional cases and only after the reliability of the translation has been assessed translators experience (number of published translations from and to the relevant languages), his/her knowledge of the language of origin for the material, whether he/she is translating into his/her mot
48、her tongue, his/her knowledge of the subject matter of the translation and whether he/she has published works of his/her own in the subject field. A list of bibliographic references should be compiled, giving sufficient bibliographical data for documents to be retrieved. 5.2 Selecting and analysing
49、concepts 5.2.1 Selection of concepts 5.2.1.1 With the objectives of the project in mind, each source of documentation should be consulted and all relevant information (definitions, terms, synonyms, antonyms and contextual information) extracted in one operation. 5.2.1.2 Although the work begins with a list of terms, each of these terms is a representation of a concept. Concepts consist of properties and relationships abstracted from individual object
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3736618.html