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1、BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU 156:1971 Recommendations for Aiming of headlamps and auxiliary lamps on motor vehicles UDC 629.113.06:628.971.85 (1 195.2) Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:52:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BS
2、I BS AU 156:1971 This British Standard, having been approved by the Automobile Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board of the Institution on 13 September 1971 BSI 02-2000 The following BSI references relates to the work on this standard: Committee refer
3、ence AUE/1 Draft for comment 70/16942 ISBN 0 580 06675 4 Foreword These Recommendations have been prepared under the authority of the Automobile Industry Standards Commtitee of BSI. Motor vehicle headlamps are optically precise devices for producing light in directions specific to each type of unit.
4、 When mounted on the vehicle, these directions must be orientated in relation to the horizontal plane passing through the headlamp centre and the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle so that the desired beam effect is achieved. Vehicle headlamps are designed to produce either a long-range m
5、ain beam for open road driving or a short range dipped beam. Aimed too high, the dipped beams will give increased range but will also dazzle. On the other hand, aimed too low these beams will not dazzle but will give inadequate range. Both conditions are equally dangerous and the correct result can
6、only be achieved by correct alignment of the beams. It is essential therefore, that headlamps are correctly mounted and orientated on the vehicle and maintained so that the beams are directed in the direction intended. In practice the aim of headlamps is affected by the way in which the vehicle is l
7、oaded. These Recommendations describe the way in which headlamps should be set under specified conditions of loading. NOTEAttention is drawn to the Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations which give legal requirements relating to the mounting and the use of headlamps and auxiliary lamps on motor vehicles
8、. The vehicle loading conditions and the aiming procedures given in Clauses 8 and 9 are considered to be those which will be most effective in obtaining uniform aiming of headlamps. Users of these recommendations are urged to write to BSI giving their experience in applying them in practice; in part
9、icular, constructive proposals for improvement will be welcomed. Reference is made in this standard to various Regulations published by the Inland Transport Committee of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contrac
10、t. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 12 and a back cover. Th
11、is standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat
12、 Dec 09 01:52:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 156:1971 BSI 02-2000i Contents Page ForewordInside front cover 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Types of headlamps1 4Types of headlamp beam3 5Prealignment checks3 6Aiming equipment3 7Positioning of vehicle and aiming screen4 8Vehicle loading4 9
13、Procedure for aiming and checking of aim4 Figure 1 Typical headlamp identifications for headlamps complying with ECE regulations8 Figure 2 Typical headlamp beam patterns as viewed on an aiming screen11 Figure 3 Vehicle position with respect to aiming screen12 Table 1 Types of headlamps commonly enco
14、untered in UK (see Figure 1 and Figure 2)2 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:52:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:52:23 GMT+00:00 2006,
15、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 156:1971 BSI 02-20001 1 Scope These Recommendations deal with the methods to be used for the aiming and checking of headlamps and auxiliary lamps on motor vehicles, including motorcycles and scooters, where the left-hand rule of the road is applicable. The recommend
16、ations are intended for both the initial aiming and the subsequent checking of the aim of headlamps and auxiliary lamps. Information on the different types of headlamps in current use is given. Except where otherwise stated, the recommendations apply equally to headlamps, fog lamps and supplementary
17、 main beam lamps. 2 Definitions For the purposes of these Recommendations the following definitions apply: main (driving or upper) beam a beam of light intended primarily for distant illumination of the road when no other vehicle is approaching dipped (meeting or lower) beam a beam of light intended
18、 to illuminate the road ahead of the vehicle when meeting other road users high intensity zone (hot spot) the zone of highest intensity of a beam as it appears to an observer viewing the beam thrown upon a screen or other aiming surface 2-Headlamp system two headlamps, mounted one on each side of th
19、e longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle, each headlamp containing a filament or filaments providing the main and the dipped beams NOTECertain classes of vehicle are permitted to use a 2-headlamp system providing only dipped beams. Such headlamps are aimed according to the type of dipped beam
20、s fitted. 4-Headlamp system four headlamps mounted in pairs, one pair on each side of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle. In each pair, one headlamp contains a filament providing the main beam, and the other headlamp contains a filament providing the dipped beam and in certain types a
21、n additional main beam filament mechanically aimed headlamp a headlamp which is capable of being aimed optically or mechanically aiming plane a plane formed by three pads integrally mounted on the face of the lens of sealed beam headlamps. Such headlamps are pre-aimed during manufacture so that the
22、aiming plane is accurately normal to the axis of the headlamp beam auxiliary lamp a lamp intended to supplement or under certain conditions of visibility, to replace the normal (obligatory) headlamps on a vehicle. The following types of auxiliary lamps are included in this standard: 1) Fog lamp. A l
23、amp specifically employed to improve the illumination on the road in conditions of fog, snowfall, rain or dustclouds. 2) Supplementary main beam (long range) lamp. A lamp specifically employed to improve the distant illumination on the road when the main beam is in operation. 3 Types of headlamps Ge
24、neral information on the headlamps most commonly encountered in the United Kingdom is given in Table 1 and Figure 1 and Figure 2 to facilitate their recognition. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:52:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
25、BS AU 156:1971 2 BSI 02-2000 Table 1 Types of headlamps commonly encountered in UK (see Figure 1 and Figure 2) No.Description Headlamp system Special identification embossed on lens Beam to be used for aiming Typical beam pattern 1 2 Sealed beam headlamp2 lamps 2 lamps none “2” main dipped Figure 2a
26、 Figure 2b 3 4 4 lamps “1” “2” main dipped (see Note) Figure 2a Figure 2c 52 lampsnone or “2”dippedFigure 2c 6 Headlamp with replaceable British prefocused filament lamp 2 lamps none main Figure 2a 7 8 4 lamps none none main dipped (see Note). Figure 2a Figure 2b 9 Asymmetric beam headlamp with repl
27、aceable prefocused filament lamp 2 lamps none dipped Figure 2c 10 11 4 lamps none none main dipped (see Note) Figure 2a Figure 2b 12Headlamp with replaceable British prefocused tungsten/halogen filament lamp 2 lampsnonemainFigure 2a 13Asymmetric beam headlamp with replaceable prefocused filament lam
28、p (filament lamp to ECE Regulation No. 20a) 2 lampsnonedippedFigure 2c 14 Asymmetric beam headlamp with replaceable prefocused filament lamp 2 lamps as shown in Figure 1 dipped Figure 2c 15 16 (filament lamp to ECE Regulation No. 2b) 4 lamps dipped (see Note) main Figure 2c Figure 2a 17 Asymmetric b
29、eam headlamp with replaceable prefocused tungsten/halogen filament lamp 2 lamps dipped Figure 2c 18 19 (filament lamp to ECE Regulation No. 8c) 4 lamps dipped (see Note) main Figure 2c Figure 2a 20 Asymmetric sealed beam headlamp 2 lamps dipped Figure 2c 21 22 4 lamps dipped (see Note) main Figure 2
30、c Figure 2a 23Symmetric beam headlamp with replaceable prefocused filament lamp 2 lamps (or 1 on motor-cycle) nonedipped/main (see 9.6) Figure 2d NOTEIn all 4-headlamp systems the dipped beam should be aimed on the dipped beam filament even though it may in addition contain a main beam filament. a R
31、egulation No. 20, “Headlamp emitting an asymmetrical passing or driving beam, or both with halogen (H 4) filament lamp”. b Regulation No. 2, “Electric lamps for headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing or driving beam, or both”. c Regulation No. 8, “Headlamp emitting an asymmetrical passing or dri
32、ving beam, or both, with halogen (H 1, H2 or H3) filament lamps”. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:52:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 156:1971 BSI 02-20003 4 Types of headlamp beam Each of the headlamp systems provides a mai
33、n and a dipped beam, or, in certain cases, a dipped beam only (see Clause 2). Typical beam features for different headlamps in current use when viewed on a screen are described as follows (see Table 1): 1) UK and European main beam provides a progressively changing illumination symmetrical about the
34、 vertical plane L or R (Figure 2a) with a well marked much brighter area called the “high intensity zone”. Table 1, Nos. 1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18 and 21 refer. 2) UK dipped beam provides a brightly illuminated area directed to the left of the vertical plane L or R (Figure 2b) and below the horizon
35、tal plane “H”. Table 1, Nos. 2, 4, 5, 8, 11, 19 and 22 refer. 3) European dipped beam (asymmetric) provides a well-defined cut-off which is horizontal to the right of the vertical plane L or R (Figure 2c) and which may be either horizontal to the left of the vertical plane L or R or at an angle of u
36、p to 15 degrees above the horizontal to the left of the vertical plane L or R. Table 1, Nos. 9, 13, 14, 16, 17 and 20 refer. 4) European dipped beam (symmetric) provides a well-defined cut-off which is horizontal both to the right and the left of the vertical plane L or R (Figure 2d). Table 1, Numbe
37、r 23 refers. 5 Prealignment checks Prior to adjusting headlamp beams, care should be taken to check that: 1) both the main and dipped beams operate in accordance with the statutory regulations when the appropriate switches are operated; 2) the main beam warning light, if fitted, is illuminated when
38、the main beam is operated and that it is extinguished when the dipped beam operates; 3) the lens and reflector are in a serviceable condition and are correctly orientated; 4) where applicable, the prescribed filament lamp is correctly installed and in particular, the filament shield is correctly ori
39、entated; 5) dual units are correctly located; the dipped beam lamp must not be inboard of the main beam; 6) the lamps, particularly if stem-mounted, are rigidly attached and positioned in accordance with the appropriate regulations; 7) matched pairs of obligatory headlamps1) are of the same colour;
40、8) no modification which will materially worsen the original performance of the headlamp has been made; 9) there is no significant discolouration of the filament lamp or optical system; 10) both the filament lamp and the lens unit are clean; 11) excessive amounts of mud, snow or ice which will affec
41、t the vehicle attitude are removed from under the bodywork; 12) all tyres are inflated to their correct pressures; 13) the suspension system is sound. 6 Aiming equipment 6.1 The following equipment is recommended for aligning headlamp beams: 1) a vertical aiming screen, as described in 6.2, or 2) a
42、mechanical headlamp aimer, limited to Table 1, Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 circular headlamps fitted with an “aiming plane” (see Clause 2, or 3) any other aiming equipment which can be demonstrated to give equivalent results. 6.2 Vertical aiming screen. The vertical screen (see Figure 3) consists of a matt l
43、ight coloured, flat screen, or wall not less than 3 metres wide positioned within 5 of a perpendicular to plane A, and located 10 metres distant from the headlamps. 1) Headlamps required to be carried by virtue of statutory regulations. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank
44、University, Sat Dec 09 01:52:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 156:1971 4 BSI 02-2000 Vertical and horizontal lines, which may for convenience consist of adjustable tapes, are superimposed on the vertical screen. These lines, which are illustrated in Figure 3, are to be located as
45、follows: V is the projection of a vertical plane passing through the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, being equidistant between the centres of the pair of headlamps being aimed. H is the projection of a horizontal plane passing through the centres of and at the same height on the screen as t
46、he pair of headlamps being aimed. L1 and R1 are the projections of vertical planes passing through the centres of the left-hand and the right-hand headlamps being aimed respectively. In the case of 4-headlamp systems using different horizontal aiming points, two additional vertical lines, L2 and R2,
47、 are provided. 6.3 The plane formed by the contact points on which the vehicle and the aiming equipment stands should be substantially horizontal and should not deviate from the imaginary plane A (see Figure 3) by more than 0.2 ( 35 mm over 10 m aiming distance). 6.4 Accuracy of aiming equipment. Th
48、e equipment used should be capable of permitting aiming and checking the aim to be carried out within the limits 0.25 in the vertical and 0.5 in the horizontal direction. 7 Positioning of vehicle and aiming screen The following procedure should be adopted when using the aiming screen described in 6.
49、2. 1) Drive the vehicle, loaded to the appropriate condition given in Clause 8, to the aiming or checking point and bring gently to a halt in order to maintain the normal road attitude of the vehicle with the front wheel or wheels in the “straight ahead” position. 2) Position the aiming screen so that the vertical line V on the aiming screen is aligned with the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle. Where necessary, the aiming screen should be well shielded from extraneous light
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