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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU 1
2、45d : 1998 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 ICS 43.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Specification for Retroreflecting number plates Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:13:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,
3、 (c) BSI BS AU 145d : 1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1998 BSI 24 August 2001 The following BSI references relate to the work on this sta
4、ndard: Committee reference AUE/1 Draft for comment 94/705491 DC ISBN 0 580 28985 0 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected 1319524 August 2001Indicated by a sideline Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Techn
5、ical Committee AUE/1, Vehicle lighting and signaling, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Chief Police Officers of England and Wales British Glass Manufacturers Confederation British Numberplate Manufacturers Association British Plastics Federation Department of the Envi
6、ronment, Transport and the Regions (Highways Agency) Glass and Glazing Federation Motor Cycle Industry Association Ltd. Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec
7、09 02:13:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 145d : 1998 BSI 24 August 2001i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Specification 1Scope1 2References1 3Definitions1 4Design1 5Marking1 6Colour3 7Retroreflection3 8Testing3 9Colorimetric test4 10Retroreflectio
8、n test4 11Resistance to bending4 12Resistance to solvents4 13Thermal resistance7 14Resistance to impact7 15Resistance to corrosion7 16Resistance to weathering7 17Resistance to vibration and shock8 Annexes A(normative) Method of test for impact resistance10 B(normative) Method of test for thermal res
9、istance10 C(normative) Method and apparatus for accelerated artificial weathering tests10 D(normative) Procedure for preparing a dirty number plate for test purposes13 Tables 1Daylight chromaticity and luminance factor limits3 2Minimum coefficient of retroreflection, R93 3Test schedules4 4Cam-profil
10、e radii9 C.1Temperature13 Figures 1Dimensions and layout of sample unit2 2Arrangement of apparatus for measuring the coefficient of retroreflection5 3Number plate bend-test arrangement6 4Test arrangements for measurement of the coefficient of retroreflection of wet specimens8 5Vibration and shock te
11、st machine9 A.1 Apparatus for impact resistance test11 A.2 Number plate holding fixture12 B.1Sample support stand for thermal resistance test13 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:13:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrol
12、led Copy, (c) BSI ii BSI 24 August 2001 BS AU 145d : 1998 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee AUE/ 1. It was first published in 1967 and revised as BS AU 145a : 1972. Subsequently, the following revisions were made BS AU 145b : 1989 and BS AU 145c : 1995. This new
13、 edition of BS AU 145 takes account of changes in the production of number plates and legislative requirements. It supersedes BS AU 145c : 1995, which is withdrawn. NOTE 1. This standard will only become effective when it is invoked by regulations, made by the Secretary of State for Transport, which
14、 apply to vehicles registered in Great Britain and Northern Ireland. NOTE 2. Upon publication of this standard, BSI Customer Services will respond to purchase orders for BS AU 145 by supplying copies of the 1998 edition. Copies of the 1972 edition may be obtained by quoting the number BS AU 145a/72.
15、 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Attention is drawn to the Roads Traffic
16、Act 1991 1 and the Road Vehicles (Registration and Licensing) Regulations 2. Summary of pages This document comprises of a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
17、document was last issued. Sidelining in this document indicates the most recent changes by amendment. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:13:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 24 August 20011 BS AU 145d : 1998 1) Marking BS AU 145d
18、on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused wi
19、th third party certification of conformity, which might also be desirable. Specification 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for retroreflecting number plates for vehicles. The standard includes requirements for colorimetric and photometric properties and tests for weather resistanc
20、e, resistance to impact, bending, vibration, corrosion, solvents, water and extremes of temperature. NOTE. Retroreflecting number plates may be manufactured from any material which performs satisfactorily in service, providing the requirements of this standard are met. 2 References 2.1 Normative ref
21、erences This British Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are made at the appropriate places in the text and the cited publications are listed on the inside back page. For dated references, only the edition cited applies
22、; any subsequent amendments to, or revisions of the cited publication apply to this British Standard only when incorporated in the reference by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the cited publication applies, together with any amendments. 2.2 Informative references
23、 This British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back page, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Briti
24、sh Standard the following definitions apply. 3.1 character A letter or number making up part of a vehicle registration mark. 3.2 coefficient of luminous intensity, R The quotient of the luminous intensity of the retroreflector in the direction of observation by the illuminance at the retroreflector
25、on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light. 3.3 coefficient of retroreflection, R9 The quotient of the coefficient of luminous intensity of a plane retroreflecting surface by its area. 3.4 entrance angle The angle characterizing the angular position of the retroflector with resp
26、ect to the direction of the incident light. 3.5 observation angle The angle by which the direction of observation of the retroreflector differs from the direction of incident light. 3.6 retroreflecting number plate A plate exhibiting the registration mark of a vehicle in which only the background to
27、 the registration mark consists of retroreflecting material. 3.7 retroreflection Reflection in which the reflected rays are preferentially returned in directions close to the opposite of the direction of the incident rays, this property being maintained over wide variations of the direction of the i
28、ncident rays. 3.8 sample unit A pair of retroreflecting number plates within the dimensions shown in figure 1, one with a white and one with a yellow retroreflecting background, or in the case of a motorcycle one only with a yellow retroreflecting background, as used, complete with between two and s
29、even characters and in the format and size specified in the appropriate regulations and including a representative method of fixing where appropriate. 4 Design NOTE. The appropriate regulations of the Road Traffic Act 1 specify size and type of letters, numbers and margins of retroreflecting number
30、plates. 5 Marking 5.1 Each number plate shall be permanently and legibly marked with the following information: a) the number of this British Standard, i.e. BS AU 145d1); b) the name, trade mark or other means of identification of the manufacturer or component supplier; c) name and postcode of the s
31、upplying outlet. NOTE.1. This information should be displayed as shown in figure 1 and can be in any colour as long as it is not retroreflective. d) If a border is displayed it shall be as shown in figure 1 and shall not be retroreflective. NOTE.2. The border may be any non-retroreflective colour. e
32、) There shall be no other marking, other than the two to seven characters specified in the regulations. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:13:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 BSI 24 August 2001 BS AU 145d : 1998 NOTE 1. All dimensi
33、ons are in millimetres NOTE 2. See 3.8 NOTE 3. The figure is not to scale Figure 1. Dimensions and layout of sample unit Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:13:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 24 August 20013 BS AU 145d : 1998 | T
34、able 1. Daylight chromaticity and luminance factor limits ColourAxesCo-ordinatesLuminance factor 1234 Whitex0.3550.3050.2850.335$ 0.34 y0.3550.3050.3250.375 Yellowx0.5450.4870.4270.465$ 0.27 y0.4540.4230.4830.534# 0.40 Black# 0.05 Table 2. Minimum coefficient of retroreflection, R9 ColourObservation
35、 angleEntrance angle 5 left and 5 right30 left and 30 right45 left and 45 right cd/lx per square metre White0 129 0 209 1 309 60 40 4 25 14 2 6 3 0.7 Yellow0 129 0 209 1 309 40 30 3.5 18 10 1.5 4 2 0.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | 5.2 Adequate fixing instructions shall be provided to avoid damage to the
36、number plate when it is being fitted to vehicles. 6 Colour 6.1 Backgrounds The daylight colour of the retroreflecting backgrounds shall be as follows: front facing:white; rear facing:yellow. When tested in accordance with clause 9, the chromaticity of the surfaces of background shall be within the a
37、rea defined by the co-ordinates given in columns 1 to 4 of table 1 for the appropriate colour. The luminance factor shall be as given in table 1. 6.2 Characters The complete surface of the characters shall be a shade of black. No part of the character shall have a luminance factor greater than that
38、given for black in table 1. 6.3 Colour deleted 7 Retroreflection 7.1 The complete retroreflecting background area of the number plate shall be a continuous, substantially flat surface except that an integral raised or depressed margin, of width and height not exceeding 5 mm and 2 mm respectively, is
39、 permitted around the number plate periphery. 7.2 The number plate background shall have a minimum coefficient of retroreflection, R9, as given in table 2 for each of the observation angles and entrance angles specified. At any of the test points at the 1 309 observation angle the value of R9 shall
40、not exceed 150 cd/lx per square metre. 7.3 The characters shall have a coefficient of retroreflection not greater than 0.5 cd/lx per square metre at the angles specified in table 2 when tested in accordance with clause 10. 7.4 When tested in accordance with clause 10 the minimum coefficient of retro
41、reflection, R9, for each angle shall conform to table 2. 8 Testing A schedule shall accompany every sample unit detailing the materials used in its construction. The tests specified in this standard shall be carried out in the sequence specified in table 3. Licensed Copy: London South Bank Universit
42、y, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:13:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 BSI 24 August 2001 BS AU 145d : 1998 Table 3. Test schedules Number of samples and testsClauseTest scheduleTotal 1234 No. of sample units required (see 3.8)11316 1 Colorimetric test9 2 Retroreflection t
43、est10 3 Resistance to bending11 4 Resistance to solvents12 5 Thermal resistance13 6 Resistance to impact14 7 Resistance to corrosion15 8 Resistance to weathering16 9 Resistance to vibration and shock (where applicable) 17 9 Colorimetric test Each sample unit shall be tested in accordance with the pr
44、ovisions of CIE Publication No 15 : 1986 when illuminated with a source simulating the CIE Standard Illuminant D 65 of that standard at 45 to the normal and viewed along the normal (45/0 geometry). 10 Retroreflection test 10.1 The sample unit shall be tested in accordance with 10.2 and shall conform
45、 to 7.4. 10.2 Each sample unit shall be tested in accordance with the procedure defined in CIE Publication No. 54 (TC - 2.3) : 1982 when illuminated with a source simulating the CIE Standard Illuminant A of CIE Publication No. 15. The entrance and observation angles shall be in the same plane, as sh
46、own in figure 2, and the angle subtended by the sample unit at the receiver shall not exceed 1 209. Measurements shall be taken on the sample unit using a minimum area of 2000 mm2. 11 Resistance to bending 11.1 The sample unit shall be tested in accordance with 11.2 and shall conform to 11.3. 11.2 E
47、ach sample unit shall be positioned in the holding fixture and clamped as for impact testing (see annex A), except that the end of the number plate to be used for the deflection test shall extend 125 mm from the clamp bar (see figure 3). A test mass, M, shall be attached, and suspended by means of a
48、 clamp, from a point on the longitudinal centre line of the number plate and 10 mm in from the free-end. The total mass suspended from the plate (including the mass, M, its suspension and its clamp) shall be not less than 3 kg. A vertical height gauge shall be positioned at the end of the number pla
49、te to measure the deflection when the 3 kg mass is applied (see figure 3). 11.3 The sample unit under test shall be preconditioned at 20 C 2 C for at least 2 h and shall be tested at 20 C 2 C. The maximum deflection, within 60 s of applying the mass, shall be not greater than 25 mm. 12 Resistance to solvents 12.1 When tested in accordance with 12.2 the sample unit shall conform to 12.3. 12.2 The front face surface of the sample unit shall be wiped for 1 min per solvent with cotton rag saturated with each o
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