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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 10228-2:1998 The Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 10228-2:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.85 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Part 2: Penetrant testing This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of
3、the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 29795 0 BS EN 10228-2:1998 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected National foreword This British Standard is the English langua
4、ge version of EN 10228-2:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee ISE/73, Steels for pressure purposes, to Subcommittee ISE/73/3, Steel forgings for pressure purposes, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the resp
5、onsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to i
6、ts secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Stand
7、ards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pag
8、es This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Bru
9、ssels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 10228-2:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 10228-2 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM May 1998 ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.85 Descriptors: Forgings, steels, non-destructive tests, liqui
10、d penetrant tests, surface condition, defects, inspection, setting-up conditions, acceptability, quality classes English version Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Part 2: Penetrant testing Essais non destructifs des pie ces forge es en acier Partie 2: Contro le par ressuage Zersto rungsfreie
11、 Pru fung von Schmiedestu cken aus Stahl Teil 2: Eindringpru fung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 December 1997. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standa
12、rd without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other lan
13、guage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
14、 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Page 2 EN 10228-2:1998 BSI 1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 028, Steel forgings, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This Eur
15、opean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1998 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 1998. The titles of the other parts of this European Standard
16、are: Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the foll
17、owing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normativ
18、e references3 3Definitions3 4Items for agreement3 5Written procedure3 6Personnel qualification3 7Testing system4 8Stage of manufacture4 9Surface condition4 10Coverage4 11Penetrant testing process4 12Viewing4 13Classification of indications4 14Recording and acceptance criteria6 15Removal of defects6
19、16Cleaning6 17Reporting6 Page 3 EN 10228-2:1998 BSI 1998 1 Scope This part of EN 10228 describes the method and acceptance criteria to be used for the penetrant testing of steel forgings. The method described is used for the detection of surface discontinuities. 2 Normative references This part of E
20、N 10228 incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications appl
21、y to this part of EN 10228 only when incorporated in by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles. EN 571, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: Gene
22、ral principles for the examination. prEN 1330, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 6: Terms used in penetrant systems. prEN ISO 3452, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials. prEN ISO 3452, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 4: Equipment 3 De
23、finitions For the purposes of this part of EN 10228 the definitions given in prEN 1330-6 shall apply. 4 Items for agreement The following aspects concerning penetrant testing shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier at the time of enquiry and order: a) the manufacturing stage(s) at whi
24、ch penetrant testing is to be performed (see clause 8); b) the surface areas to be examined (see clause 9); c) whether testing is to be performed with colour contrast or fluorescent penetrants (see 7.1); d) the quality class required, or the quality classes and surfaces areas to which they apply (se
25、e clause 14); e) the applicable recording and acceptance criteria if different from those detailed in Table 1; f) whether the test is to be conducted in the presence of the purchaser or his representative; g) whether the written procedure must be submitted for approval by the purchaser (see clause 5
26、). 5 Written procedure 5.1 General Penetrant testing shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure. Where specified in the enquiry or order, the written procedure shall be submitted to the purchaser for approval prior to the examination. 5.2 Form The written procedure shall be one of the
27、 following: a) a product specification; b) a procedure written specifically for the application; c) this part of EN 10228 may be used if it is accompanied by examination details specific to the application. 5.3 Content The written procedure shall contain the following details as a minimum requiremen
28、t: a) description of the forgings to be examined; b) reference documents; c) qualification and certification of testing personnel; d) stage of manufacture at which the testing is carried out; e) surface area(s) specified in terms of the applicable quality classes; f) type of penetrant testing produc
29、ts used: penetrant, remover, emulsifier, developer; g) surface conditions required; h) viewing conditions; i) description of pre-testing cleaning and drying, including cleaning materials used and minimum time allowed for drying; j) description of penetrant application, including application temperat
30、ure and penetration time; k) description of excess penetrant removal and of drying before developer application; l) description of developer application, including development time; m) method of marking or recording indications; n) acceptance criteria; o) whether post-cleaning is required; if so, a
31、description of the process; p) examination report. 6 Personnel qualification Personnel shall be qualified and certificated in accordance with EN 473. Page 4 EN 10228-2:1998 BSI 1998 7 Testing system 7.1 Testing products Penetrant testing products (penetrant, emulsifier, remover and developer) shall
32、conform to EN 571-1. The combination of penetrant testing products to be used shall meet the following requirements: a) they shall conform to EN 571-1; b) they shall be compatible with the material to be inspected (see EN 571-1 for guidance); c) they shall enable the applicable recording level (see
33、Table 1) to be achieved (see EN 571-1) for the determination of sensitivity levels. 7.2 Equipment The equipment used shall conform to prEN ISO 3452-4. NOTEThe following equipment may be used: a) spray gun or aerosol spray; b) immersion tank; c) electrostatic spray gun. 7.3 Function test The sensitiv
34、ity of the penetrant shall be determined in accordance with prEN ISO 3452-2. NOTEThe temperature of the forging should be checked to ensure that it is within the detection media manufacturers specified temperature limits. 8 Stage of manufacture Where practicable, final acceptance testing shall be pe
35、rformed on the forging in its delivery conditions. (See clause 4.) 9 Surface condition Surfaces to be tested shall be clean and free from scale, oil, grease, machining marks, paint and any other foreign matter which could adversely affect test sensitivity or the ability to interpret indications. The
36、 surface finish of the surfaces to be examined shall be Ra# 6,3 mm for quality classes 2, 3 and 4 and Ra# 12,5 mm for quality class 1. 10 Coverage Where practicable, the test shall be performed in such a way that 100 % coverage of the surface to be examined is achieved. 11 Penetrant testing process
37、The penetrant testing process shall conform to EN 571-1. 12 Viewing 12.1 General Viewing shall commence immediately the developer is applied and shall continue periodically up to the completion of the development time, when final assessment of indications shall be made. 12.2 Viewing conditions Viewi
38、ng conditions shall be as follows: a) Colour contrast penetrants The surface under examination shall be viewed under white light of at least 500 lx intensity on the surface. Glare and reflections shall be avoided. NOTELower levels of intensity may be agreed between purchaser and supplier. b) Fluores
39、cent penetrants The surface under examination shall be viewed under UV-A (black light) of at least 10 W/m2intensity on the surface. The background white light intensity shall not exceed 20 lx. Prior to the examination at least 5 min shall be allowed for the inspectors eyes to become adapted to the r
40、educed background lighting and the UV-A lamp shall be allowed to warm up for at least 5 min. 13 Classification of indications The following rules shall apply (see Figure 1). a) A linear indication shall be considered isolated when it is not aligned with any other linear indication, or when it is ali
41、gned with another linear indication, but separated from it by more than five times the length of the longer of the two indications considered. b) Interacting linear indications are two (or more) linear indications which are aligned, and shall be considered as one continuous length for the purpose of
42、 assessment if their separation is less than, or equal to, five times the length of the longer of the two indications considered. The length of interacting indications is the length measured between the opposite ends of the two outer indications. c) The cumulative length of linear indications is the
43、 sum of the lengths of all linear indications detected in the reference surface (i.e. 148 mm 3 105 mm, or = A6 format). NOTEA linear indication is an indication the length of which is greater than three times the width. d) A rounded indication is an indication the length of which is less than or equ
44、al to three times the width. e) False indications due to the geometry of the part (change of section or slot etc.) or surface finish (scar or machining mark etc.) shall not be taken into account. Page 5 EN 10228-2:1998 BSI 1998 Figure 1 Classification of linear indications Explanations: a) Reference
45、 surface = 148 mm 3 105 mm (i.e. A6 format). b) d1 5L3. c) L1, L2and L3= Individual lengths of interacting indications. d) Total interacting length Lg= (L1+ d1) + (L2+ d2) + L3. e) L4, L5and L6= lengths of isolated indications. f) Lg+ L4+ L5+ L6= cumulative length of linear indications in reference
46、surface. g) Number of indications in reference surface (as identified by Lg, L4, L5and L6), see Table 1: four. Page 6 EN 10228-2:1998 BSI 1998 14 Recording and acceptance criteria Four quality classes shall be applied to a forging or to parts of a forging. Quality class 4 is the most stringent, dict
47、ating the smallest recording level and the smallest acceptance standard. For forgings for general application supplied in the as-forged surface condition only, quality classes 1 and 2 are applicable. For closed die forgings, quality class 3 shall be the minimum requirement. The applicable quality cl
48、ass(es) shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. Table 1 details recording levels and acceptance criteria to be applied for four quality classes. NOTEWhere agreed, recording levels and acceptance criteria different from those detailed in Table 1 may be used. Table 1 Quality classes, r
49、ecording levels and acceptance criteria ParameterQuality class 12341) Recording level mm2)$7$3$3$1 Maximum allowable length L of isolated linear indications and maximum allowable length Lgof interacting indications mm2) 20842 Maximum allowable cumulative length of linear indications in the reference surface mm2) 7536245 Maximum allowable size of isolated rounded indications mm2) 301283 Maximum allowable number of recordable indications on reference surface3) 151075 1) Quality class 4 is not applicable to the examination o
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