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1、BS EN 12831:2003 Incorporating Corrigendum January 2009 Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of the design heat load ICS 91.140.10 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:34, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI National foreword This British Standard i
2、s the UK implementation of EN 12831:2003. Together with BS EN 12828:2003 and BS EN 14336:2004, it supersedes BS 5449:1990, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/24, Central heating installations. A list of organizations represented on th
3、is committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Informative guidance on the use of BS EN 12831:2003 in the UK for forced circulation hot water central heating systems, which may include those for domestic hot water, with heat requirements up to a total of 45 kW is given in National Annex N
4、A (informative). This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication DateComments 31 January 2
5、009Revision of National Annex NA (informative). Update to supersession details and additional information added to National foreword. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 22 August 2008 #BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 60475 1 BS EN 12831:
6、2003 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:34, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12831 March 2003 ICS 91.140.10 English version Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of the design heat load Syst
7、mes de chauffage dans les btiments - Mthode de calcul des dperditions calorifiques de base Heizungsanlagen in Gebuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Norm-Heizlast This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 July 2002. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whic
8、h stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standa
9、rd exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standard
10、s bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALI
11、SATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12831:2003 E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02
12、/2009 03:34, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12831:2003 (E) 2 Contents page FOREWORD .4 INTRODUCTION .5 1 - SCOPE.5 2 - NORMATIVE REFERENCES.6 3 - TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS7 3.1 - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS.7 3.2 - SYMBOLS AND UNITS.9 4 - PRINCIPLE OF THE CALCULATION METHOD 11 5 - GENERAL CONSIDERATIO
13、NS.12 5.1 - CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR A HEATED SPACE12 5.2 - CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR A BUILDING ENTITY OR A BUILDING12 5.3 - CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR THE SIMPLIFIED METHOD12 6 - DATA REQUIRED 14 6.1 - CLIMATIC DATA.14 6.2 - INTERNAL DESIGN TEMPERATURE14 6.3 - BUILDING DATA.14 7 TOTAL DESIGN HEAT
14、LOSS FOR A HEATED SPACE - BASIC CASES16 7.1 - DESIGN TRANSMISSION HEAT LOSS.16 7.1.1 - Heat losses directly to the exterior - heat loss coefficient HT,ie16 7.1.2 - Heat losses through unheated space - heat loss coefficient HT,iue17 7.1.3 - Heat losses through the ground - heat loss coefficient HT,ig
15、18 7.1.4 - Heat losses to or from spaces heated at a different temperature - heat loss coefficient HT,ij24 7.2 - DESIGN VENTILATION HEAT LOSS.25 7.2.1 - Hygiene - air flow rate imin, V ? 27 7.2.2 - Infiltration through building envelope - air flow rate iinf, V ? 27 7.2.3 - Air flow rates due to vent
16、ilation systems .28 7.3 - INTERMITTENTLY HEATED SPACES.29 8 - DESIGN HEAT LOAD30 8.1 - DESIGN HEAT LOAD FOR A HEATED SPACE30 8.2 - DESIGN HEAT LOAD FOR A BUILDING ENTITY OR A BUILDING30 9 - SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD.31 9.1 - DESIGN HEAT LOSS FOR A HEATED SPACE.32 9.1.1 - Total design heat loss32
17、 9.1.2 - Design transmission heat loss32 9.1.3 - Design ventilation heat loss.32 9.2 DESIGN HEAT LOAD FOR A HEATED SPACE.33 9.2.1 - Total design heat load .33 9.2.2 - Intermittently heated spaces33 9.3 - TOTAL DESIGN HEAT LOAD FOR A BUILDING ENTITY OR A BUILDING.34 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) BASIC PARAME
18、TERS ON HUMAN COMFORT IN INTERIOR Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:34, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12831:2003 (E) 3 THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS - SIGNIFICANCE OF OPERATIVE TEMPERATURE IN HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS.35 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) INSTRUCTIONS FOR DESI
19、GN HEAT LOSS CALCULATION FOR SPECIAL CASES38 B.1 CEILING HEIGHT AND LARGE ENCLOSURE38 B.2 BUILDINGS WHERE AIR TEMPERATURE AND MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY39 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) EXAMPLE OF A DESIGN HEAT LOAD CALCULATION.41 C.1 - GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CALCULATION EXAMPLE.41 C.1
20、.1 - Sample building description41 C.1.2 - Plans of the building.41 C.1.3 - Calculations performed.41 C.2 - PLANS OF THE BUILDING42 C.3 - SAMPLE CALCULATION50 C.3.1 - General data .50 C.3.2 - Data on materials51 C.3.3 - Data on building elements 52 C.3.4 - Data on thermal bridges.54 C.3.5 - Room tra
21、nsmission heat losses56 C.3.6 - Room ventilation heat losses.58 C.3.7 - Heating-up capacity61 C.3.8 - Total heat load62 C.3.9 - Room heat load with the simplified method64 C.3.10 - Total heat load with the simplified method.65 ANNEX D (NORMATIVE) DEFAULT VALUES FOR THE CALCULATIONS IN CLAUSES 6 TO 9
22、.66 D.1 - CLIMATIC DATA (SEE 6.1)66 D.2 - INTERNAL DESIGN TEMPERATURE (SEE 6.2) 66 D.3 - BUILDING DATA (SEE 6.3)67 D.4 - DESIGN TRANSMISSION HEAT LOSS67 D.4.1 - Heat losses directly to the exterior - HT,ie (see 7.1.1)67 D.4.2 - Heat losses through unheated space - HT,iue (see 7.1.2)69 D.4.3 - Heat l
23、osses through the ground - HT,ig (see 7.1.3)70 D.4.4 - Heat losses to or from spaces heated at a different temperature - HT,ij (see 7.1.4).70 D.5 - DESIGN VENTILATION HEAT LOSS - HV,I.70 D.5.1 - Minimum external air exchange rate - nmin (see 7.2.1 and 9.1.3).70 D.5.2 - Air exchange rate - n50 (see 7
24、.2.2)71 D.5.3 - Shielding coefficient - e (see 7.2.2).71 D.5.4 - Height correction factor - (see 7.2.2).72 D.6 - INTERMITTENTLY HEATED SPACES (SEE 7.3 AND 9.2.2).72 D.7 - SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD (SEE 9).74 D.7.1 - Restrictions of use.74 D.7.2 - Temperature correction factor - fk (see 9.1.2).74
25、 D.7.3 - Temperature correction factor - f (see 9.1.1).75 BIBLIOGRAPHY76 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:34, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12831:2003 (E) 4 FOREWORD This document EN 12831:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heat
26、ing systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the late
27、st by March 2004. This document includes one normative annex, annex D, and three informative annexes, annex A, B and C. This document includes a Bibliography. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: - Design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.); - Installation of heating s
28、ystems; - Commissioning of heating systems; - Instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; - Methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; - Methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attac
29、hed systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or Internationa
30、l Standards, a.o product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not speci
31、fying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations.
32、 In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the follo
33、wing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed
34、Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:34, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12831:2003 (E) 5 INTRODUCTION This standard specifies a calculation method for calculation of the heat supply needed under standard design conditions in order to make sure that the required int
35、ernal design temperature is obtained. This standard describes calculation of the design heat load: - on a room by room or heated space by heated space approach, for the purpose of dimensioning the heat emitters; - on a whole building or building entity approach, for the purpose of dimensioning the h
36、eat supply. This standard also provides a simplified calculation method. The set values and factors required for calculation of the heat load should be determined in a national annex to this standard. Annex D tabulates all factors, which may be determined on a national level and gives default values
37、 for cases where no national values are available. 1 - SCOPE This standard specifies methods for calculating the design heat loss and the design heat load for basic cases at the design conditions. Basic cases comprise all buildings: - with a limited room height (not exceeding 5 m); - assumed to be h
38、eated to steady state conditions under the design conditions. Examples of such buildings are: residential buildings; office and administration buildings; schools; libraries; hospitals; recreational buildings; prisons; buildings used in the catering trade; department stores and other buildings used f
39、or business purposes; industrial buildings. In the annexes, information is also given for dealing with the following special cases: - high ceiling buildings or large enclosure; - buildings where air temperature and mean radiant temperature differ significantly. Licensed Copy: London South Bank Unive
40、rsity, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:34, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12831:2003 (E) 6 2 - NORMATIVE REFERENCES This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, a
41、nd the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (
42、including amendments). EN 673 Glass in building - Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) - Calculation method. EN ISO 6946 Building components and building elements - Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance - Calculation method (ISO 6946:1996). EN ISO 10077-1 Thermal performance of wi
43、ndows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance - Part 1: Simplified method (ISO 10077-1:2000). prEN ISO 10077-2 Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance - Part 2: Numerical method for frames (ISO/DIS 10077-2:1998). EN ISO 10211-1 The
44、rmal bridges in building construction - Heat flows and surface temperatures - Part 1: General calculation methods (ISO 10211-1:1995). EN ISO 10211-2 Thermal bridges in building construction - Calculation of heat flows and surface temperatures - Part 2: Linear thermal bridges (ISO 10211-2:2001). EN I
45、SO 10456 Building materials and products - Procedures for determining declared and design thermal values (ISO 10456:1999). EN 12524 Building materials and products - Hygrothermal properties - Tabulated design values. EN ISO 13370 Thermal performance of buildings - Heat transfer via the ground - Calc
46、ulation methods (ISO 13370:1998). EN ISO 14683 Thermal bridges in building construction - Linear thermal transmittance - Simplified methods and default values (ISO 14683:1999). Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:34, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12831:2
47、003 (E) 7 3 - TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS 3.1 - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 basement a room is considered as a basement if more than 70% of its external wall area is in contact with the ground 3.1.2 building el
48、ement building component such as a wall, a floor 3.1.3 building entity total volume of heated spaces served by one common heating system (i.e. single dwellings) where the heat supplied to each single dwelling can be centrally controlled by the occupant 3.1.4 design temperature difference difference
49、between the internal design temperature and the external design temperature 3.1.5 design heat loss quantity of heat per unit time leaving the building to the external environment under specified design conditions 3.1.6 design heat loss coefficient design heat loss per unit of temperature difference 3.1.7 design heat transfer heat transferred inside a building entity or a building 3.1.8 design heat load required heat flow necessary to achieve the specified design conditions 3.1.9 design transmission heat loss of the considered space heat loss to the exterior as a result
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