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1、BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU 47:1965 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Advance warning triangle to indicate temporary obstructions UDC 656.056:656.04 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:49:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
2、Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 47:1965 This British Standard, having been approved by the Automobile Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of the Engineering Divisional Council, was published under the authority of the General Council of the Institution on 15 January 1965 BSI 02-2000 The fo
3、llowing BSI reference relates to the work on this standard: Committee reference AUE/- ISBN 0 580 04501 3 Co-operating organizations The Automobile Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government depar
4、tments and scientific and industrial organizations: British Road Services D.S.I.R. Road Research Laboratory* Electric Lamp Industry Council* Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Automobile Division) Institution of Production Engineers London Transport Board Minist
5、ry of Defence, Army Department Ministry of Transport* Municipal Passenger Transport Association (Incorporated) Public Transport Association (Incorporated) Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd.* The Government department and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in
6、 the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Association of Dry Battery Manufacturers Association of Road Traffic Sign Makers Automobile Association British Cycle & Motor Cycle Industries Association
7、 Ltd British Plastics Federation Cyclists Touring Club Glass Manufacturers Federation Illuminating Engineering Society National Physical Laboratory (D.S.I.R.) Royal Automobile Club Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of IssueComments 5826May
8、 1966Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:49:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 47:1965 BSI 02-2000i Contents Page Co-operating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definitions1
9、3Design1 4Initial approval tests1 5Subsequent tests for compliance1 6Marking1 7Reflex reflecting surface2 8Fluorescent surface2 9Construction2 10Water resistance3 11Oil resistance3 12Stability3 13Protective cover3 14Instructions for use3 Appendix A Symbols and units used in Figure 25 Appendix B Simp
10、lified method for determining colour limits6 Figure 1 Advance warning triangle4 Figure 2 Explanatory diagram6 Table Minimum C.I.L. of reflex reflecting surface in millicandelas per lux (approximate equivalent values in candelas per incident lumen per square foot are given in parenthesis)2 Licensed C
11、opy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:49:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 47:1965 ii BSI 02-2000 Foreword This British Standard, which is published under the authority of the Automobile Engineering Industry Standards Committee of the BSI, w
12、as prepared at the request of the Ministry of Transport. It provides a specification for a portable triangle sign which can be placed on or beside the road to give advance warning of the presence of an obstruction. The sign may be carried in motor vehicles for use in accordance with the appropriate
13、Regulations. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This docume
14、nt comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 6 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank Un
15、iversity, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:49:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 47:1965 BSI 02-20001 1 Scope This British Standard is concerned with triangle signs which may be placed on or beside the road to give advance warning of the presence of a temporary obstructio
16、n. The specification includes design and construction, colorimetric and photometric requirements, resistance to water and to oil, and a stability test. The materials for construction are not specified. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply: 2.1 advan
17、ce warning triangle (abb. Triangle sign) an equilateral triangular sign faced with reflex reflecting material and with fluorescent material, both being red in colour 2.2 sample unit a complete triangle sign, as used 2.3 normal axis a line perpendicular to the face of a triangle sign, and passing thr
18、ough the centre of the triangle 3 Design The triangle sign shall have the outline and the dimensions shown in Figure 1, and shall be faced with red reflex reflecting material and red fluorescent material as indicated. If the centre portion of the triangle is not hollow it shall be coloured black. 4
19、Initial approval tests Representative sample units shall be submitted for test as agreed between the maker and the body responsible for testing. All sample units submitted shall comply with all the requirements of this standard. 5 Subsequent tests for compliance a) Tests. Once a year, or at the disc
20、retion of the testing authority, ten sample units shall be selected and tested in accordance with all the requirements of this standard. Each sample unit failing to comply with the requirements of one or more tests shall constitute one failure. b) Results of tests. i) If there are no failures the pr
21、oduction from which the units are taken is deemed to comply with this standard. ii) If there are more than 2 failures the production is deemed not to comply with this standard. iii) If there are 1 or 2 failures, a further 10 sample units shall be tested in accordance with Subclause 5 a). If in the c
22、ombined results from the 20 sample units tested there are only 1 or 2 failures the production is deemed to comply, but if there are more than 2 failures the production is deemed not to comply with this standard. 6 Marking Each unit made in accordance with this British Standard shall be permanently a
23、nd legibly marked, in such a position as to be clearly visible when the unit is ready for use, with the following information as appropriate: a) With the name, trade mark, or other means of identification of the maker. b) With the number of this British Standard, i.e. “BS AU 47”. NOTEThe mark BS AU
24、47 on or in relation to the product is a claim by the manufacturer that it complies with the requirements of the standard. The British Standards Institution is the owner of a registered certification trade mark. This is shown below, enclosed in the words “Approved to British Standard”. This mark can
25、 be used only by manufacturers licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by the BSI. The presence of this mark on or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods have been produced to comply with the requirements of the British Standard under a system of supervision, control a
26、nd testing operated during manufacture and including periodical inspection at the manufacturers works in accordance with the certification mark scheme of the BSI. Further particulars of the terms of licence may be obtained from the Director, British Standards Institution, 2, Park Street, London, W.1
27、. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:49:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 47:1965 2 BSI 02-2000 7 Reflex reflecting surface a) Colour. When the reflex reflecting surface is illuminated by CIE standard illuminant A,1) with an obs
28、ervation angle of 1/3 and an entrance angle V = 5, H = O, trichromatic2) coordinates of the reflected luminous flux shall be within the following limits: Limit towards yellow: y shall be not greater than 0.335 Limit towards purple: z shall be not greater than 0.020 NOTEAppendix B gives an alternativ
29、e, simplified method of determining the colour limits. Compliance with the colorimetric specifications shall be verified by a visual comparison test. If any doubt remains after this test, compliance with the colorimetric specifications shall be verified by determining the trichromatic co-ordinates o
30、f the most doubtful sample. b) Photometric requirements. The coefficient of luminous intensity (CIL) of the triangle, when illuminated by CIE standard illuminant A3), shall be measured for each of the entrance angles specified in the Table. Formaking the necessary measurements, either of the methods
31、 recommended by C.I.E, or R.R.L.1) for the photometry of reflex reflecting devices shall be used. With the triangle sign mounted as for use, the normal axis shall be taken as the H-V direction. The triangle sign shall not be rotated and all measurements shall be made for & = O. The angular subtense
32、values and f shall not exceed O 5. NOTEAn explanatory diagram of the angles involved is given in Appendix A and Figure 2. Table Minimum C.I.L. of reflex reflecting surface in millicandelas per lux (approximate equivalent values in candelas per incident lumen per square foot are given in parenthesis)
33、 c) Surface. The surface shall be smooth and easily cleaned. The material shall be adequately colourfast. d) Wet test. The triangle shall be immersed in water and then removed and placed in an upright position. The displayed surface is then subjected to a fine water spray sufficient to keep the refl
34、ecting surfaces wet. When tested, under these conditions, as specified in Subclause 7 b) the minimum CIL values obtained shall be not less than those given in the Table. 8 Fluorescent surface When the fluorescent surface is illuminated by C.I.E. standard illuminant C3) the trichromatic2) co-ordinate
35、s of the red light emitted shall be within the following limits: Towards yellow: y shall not be greater than 0.335 Towards purple: z shall not be greater than 0.020 and the luminance factor of the sample shall be at least 30 per cent. The material shall be adequately colourfast. NOTE 1The luminance
36、factor includes both the reflected and the fluorescent luminous flux. NOTE 2Appendix B gives an alternative, simplified method of determining the colour limits. 9 Construction The triangle sign shall be so constructed that it will stand firmly on the surface of a road with one apex pointing upwards
37、and with the normal axis within 5 of the horizontal. It may be collapsible, but when erected shall be rigid and shall not wobble or flex easily. It shall have radiused corners and shall be so constructed that it is unlikely to cause more than superficial damage to any vehicle which may pass over it
38、when it is standing on the surface of a road. The back of the sign shall have a surface which enables it to be easily distinguished, particularly at night, from the front surface unless both sides are faced with the materials specified in Clause 3, i.e. the triangle is reversible. 1) See Road Resear
39、ch Technical Paper No. 42 “Reflex Reflectors”. 2) As defined in the proceedings of the 1931 meeting of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). 3) As defined in the proceedings of the 1951 meeting of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). Observation angle Entrance angle Vert
40、icalHH Horizontal 5 left and 5 right 30 left and 30 right 0 12CIL (min.) 300 (3.0) 150 (1.5) Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:49:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 47:1965 BSI 02-20003 10 Water resistance The triangle sign shal
41、l be immersed in water for 2 hours after which it shall be taken out and allowed to dry. No part of the sign shall show evidence of deterioration which will reduce the effectiveness of the triangle. 11 Oil resistance The triangle sign shall be immersed in a mixture of petrol and benzene (proportion
42、90 : 10) and then removed. After 5 minutes the sign shall be examined. No visible deterioration of the triangle sign or of the reflecting or fluorescent surfaces shall be evident. 12 Stability The triangle sign shall be erected upon a flat horizontal surface having a coefficient of friction of at le
43、ast 0.6 (when tested by means of the portable tester described in Road Research Technical Paper No. 66, using a slider of tyre tread material) and shall be subjected to a steady horizontal stream of air at 40 kilometres per hour. The test shall be performed with the sign facing the stream of air (wi
44、th the normal axis parallel to the air stream), and repeated four times, the sign being rotated 45 about the vertical axis before each subsequent test. In each case the sign shall not fall over nor move horizontally. 13 Protective cover An adequate protective cover shall be provided for the device.
45、14 Instructions for use Permanent and legible instructions for use shall be marked on the triangle sign, stand or cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:49:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 47:1965 4 BSI 02-2000 Figure 1 Adva
46、nce warning triangle Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:49:34 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 47:1965 BSI 02-20005 Appendix A Symbols and units used in Figure 2 NOTEDe and are generally very nearly the same and under normal condi
47、tions of observation it may be assumed that De=. Furthermore, the effective distances may be used when a collimated system is used in order to obtain an artificially increased measuring distance. All angles are expressed in degrees and minutes. C= Reference centre NC = Reference axis Rr= Receiver, o
48、bserver or measuring device Cr= Centre of receiver ?r= Diameter of receiver Rr if circular (cm) Se= Source of illumination Cs= Centre of source of illumination ?s= Diameter of source of illumination (cm) De= Distance from centre Cs to centre C (m) = Distance from centre Cr to centre C (m) != Observa
49、tion angle = Entrance angle. With respect to the line CsC, which is always considered to be horizontal, this angle is prefixed with signs (left), + (right), + (up) or (down), according to the position of the source Se in relation to the axis NC, as seen when looking towards the reflex reflecting device. For any direction defined by two angles, vertical and horizontal, the vertical angle is always given first. = Angular subtense of the measuring device Rr as seen from point C. = Angular subtense of the source Se as seen from point C.
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