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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 8456:2005 Code of practice for design and installation of directional sounder evacuation systems ICS 13.200 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 01:13:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8456:2005 This British Standa
2、rd was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 18 August 2005 BSI 18 August 2005 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference CPL/34/9 Draft for comment 04/30118209 DC ISBN 0 580 46416 4 Committees responsible f
3、or this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee CPL/34, Lamps and related equipment, to Subcommittee CPL/34/9, Emergency lighting, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of British Theatre Technicians Association of County
4、 Councils British Cables Association British Fire Consortium Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Cinema Exhibitors Association Department of Trade and Industry Consumer and Competition Policy Directorate Electrical Contractors Association Electricity Association Engineering Industri
5、es Association GAMBICA Association Limited Industry Committee for Emergency Lighting Institute of Fire Prevention Officers Institute of Fire Safety Institution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Lighting Engineers Lighting Industry Federation Ltd. London District Surveyors Association London Fir
6、e and Emergency Planning Authority National Illumination Committee of Great Britain National Inspection Council for Electrical Installation Contracting Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Building Division Office of the Deputy Prime Minister HM Fire Service Inspectorate Tenpin Bowling Proprietors As
7、sociation Co-opted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 01:13:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8456:2005 BSI 18 August 2005 i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside f
8、ront cover Forewordii 1Scope 1 2Normative references 1 3Terms and definitions 1 4Planning 2 5Design 2 6Installation 4 7Testing after installation 4 8Maintenance and functional testing 4 Annex A (normative) Testing of directional sounder evacuation system installations 5 Annex B (informative) Configu
9、rations of directional sounder evacuation systems 5 Bibliography 7 Figure B.1 Example of the configuration of a directional sounder evacuation system 6 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 01:13:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8456:20
10、05 ii BSI 18 August 2005 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee CPL/34/9. The British Standards for fire detection and alarm systems for buildings (BS 5839) and for emergency lighting (BS 5266-1 to -7 inclusive) cover the provision of an alerting mechanism, and a signage sy
11、stem to indicate the escape route. Directional sounder evacuation systems can provide additional, audible, way- guidance to indicate escape routes. Directional sounder evacuation systems utilize a series of sounders having particular acoustic characteristics to assist building occupants in identifyi
12、ng the location of the escape routes and exits. They can also be used to direct occupants along particular preferred routes to avoid the source of a fire. The sounders can be activated manually or automatically in the event of an emergency when evacuation is required. As a code of practice, this Bri
13、tish Standard takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading. It has been assumed in the drafting of this standard that the execution of its provisions wi
14、ll be entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose use it has been produced. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself con
15、fer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: London South Bank Univers
16、ity, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 01:13:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8456:2005 BSI 18 August 2005 1 1 Scope This British Standard gives recommendations and guidance on the design and installation of directional sounder evacuation systems for use in buildings, to give
17、audible way-guidance in an emergency. It is intended for use by system designers and installers and building owners and occupiers. NOTE A procedure for testing of directional sounder evacuation system installations is given in Annex A. Guidance on configuration of directional sounder evacuation syst
18、ems is given in Annex B. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. B
19、S 5266-1, Emergency lighting Part 1: Code of practice for emergency lighting of premises other than cinemas and certain other premises used for entertainment. BS 5839-8, Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings Part 8: Code of practice for the design, installation and servicing of voice alarm
20、systems. BS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations IEE Wiring Regulations, Sixteenth Edition. BS EN 54-3:2001, Fire detection and fire alarm systems Part 3: Fire alarm devices Sounders. BS EN 61672-1, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: Specifications. BS EN 61672-2, Electroacoustic
21、s Sound level meters Part 2: Pattern evaluation tests. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the terms and definitions given in BS EN 54-3:2001 and the following apply. 3.1 directional sounder device which, as part of an emergency evacuation system, provides a person, or
22、 persons, with an audible means of identifying an exit or escape route which they might be unable to see 3.2 type A directional sounder directional sounder designed for indoor use NOTE This is different from a type A device as defined in BS EN 54-3. 3.3 type B directional sounder directional sounder
23、 designed for outdoor use NOTE This is different from a type B device as defined in BS EN 54-3. 3.4 directional sounder evacuation system system comprising one or more stand-alone or linked directional sounders for the purpose of identifying an escape route under emergency conditions 3.5 sound patte
24、rn order and length of bursts or pulses of sound from a directional sounder Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 01:13:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8456:2005 2 BSI 18 August 2005 4 Planning 4.1 Risk assessment Regulation 3 of the M
25、anagement of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 1 requires a risk assessment to be carried out. On the basis of this assessment a decision then has to be made as to the appropriate fire precautions to be instituted. 4.2 Consultation Consultation between the owner and/or occupier of the build
26、ing, the architect, the fire alarm system designer, the directional sounder system designer and installer, the enforcing authority (e.g. the fire authority) and any other parties concerned (e.g. the local authority) should be arranged at the beginning of the planning stage. In addition to the recomm
27、endations given in this British Standard it is important that the requirements of any national and/or local legislation which might apply to the premises in question are fully recognized and discussed at this time. 4.3 Supply of plans Plans showing the layout of the building and of all existing or p
28、roposed escape routes, and indicating the positions of all items, structural or otherwise, which might obstruct escape, should be obtained at an early stage for use in the consultation recommended in 4.2. 4.4 Escape route assessment An essential part of the risk assessment (see 4.1) is the identific
29、ation of escape routes. For a directional sounder evacuation system to be effective it is essential that the system provides complete coverage of the entire escape route and that possible points of confusion are avoided. To achieve this the following should be considered: a) the siting and nature of
30、 all designated escape routes, as shown on the plans, noting particularly the location of stairs and any changes of direction; b) the positions of all doors on escape routes and final exits; c) escape routes from open spaces; d) multiple escape routes from corridors; e) any sources of loud noise tha
31、t might compromise the audibility of the system. 4.5 System configuration A decision should be made at the planning stage regarding the way in which the system is to be configured. The system can be configured so that all sounders are triggered together, for example where total evacuation of a build
32、ing is required. Alternatively, the system can be configured so that sounders in selected escape routes are triggered to enable phased evacuation to be carried out. A decision should also be made as to whether the directional sounder evacuation system is to be triggered automatically or manually. NO
33、TE An example of the configuration of a directional sounder evacuation system is shown in Figure B.1. 5 Design 5.1 General 5.1.1 Directional sounders suitable for use in a directional sounder evacuation system are specified in PAS 41 2. However, other directional sounders may be used provided that t
34、hey exhibit directional characteristics equivalent to those specified in PAS 41. PAS 41 divides directional sounders into two classes on the basis of their sound dispersion characteristics, as follows. a) Class I. These sounders, which can be type A or type B, are suitable for use in open spaces. b)
35、 Class II. These sounders, which are type A, are suitable for use in corridors. 5.1.2 The sound levels on the escape route are determined by the location of the sounders and their individual volume settings. The design sound level at any point on the escape route should be at least 72 dBA, or 10 dBA
36、 above the ambient noise level, whichever is higher. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 01:13:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8456:2005 BSI 18 August 2005 3 5.1.3 When selecting the correct sounder for use in a particular location t
37、he following factors should be taken into account: a) the size of the space which is intended to be influenced by the sounder, as this determines the sound volume required; b) the angle of spread of sound needed to cover the shape of the space to be influenced: a wide angle for large open spaces, a
38、narrow angle for corridors; c) the sound characteristics of the space as follows: ambient noise levels in normal circumstances and potential noise levels under emergency conditions; reverberation times, which are influenced by soft furnishings and ceiling height, and the potential effect on reverber
39、ation times of many people being present in the space; d) interaction with nearby sounders; e) whether a voice alarm system is also to be used. 5.1.4 The following procedure should be adopted when planning the positions of the directional sounders. a) All exits and stairways on the escape route shou
40、ld be identified. b) All points at which a decision has to be made to select a direction should be identified e.g. corridor “T” junctions and lobby areas. c) A directional sounder should be placed at each exit and at each decision point. d) Sounders should be placed such that after a person has pass
41、ed one sounder on an escape route the next sounder can be expected to be audible. e) If there is an area in which there is a distance of more than 30 m between adjacent sounders then another sounder should be placed midway between them. f) In the case of a multi-storey building in which the differen
42、t floors have the same layout, the layout of the sounders and their sound pattern should be the same on all floors. g) Once escape routes and sounder positions have been established the layout should be re-checked to ensure that a person entering the escape route part of the way along would still be
43、 directed correctly to a point of safety. NOTE In premises with phased evacuation systems, care should be taken that the location and sound pressure levels of the sounders in one area do not risk causing an unwanted evacuation in another area. 5.1.5 The sound pattern should be as follows. a) The pul
44、se length should be between 50 ms and 1 000 ms. b) The gap between pulses should be between 25 ms and 1 000 ms. c) Each of the pulse strings may be interleaved with other messages provided that the following conditions are met. 1) There should be at least three complete pulse cycles between messages
45、. 2) The message should be no longer than 10 s. 3) Voice alarm messages should be in accordance with the recommendations given in BS 5839-8. 5.1.6 The system should be provided with a battery back-up power supply capable of maintaining the requisite system performance for a length of time equal to t
46、he design duration of the emergency lighting system in the building as given in BS 5266-1. 5.2 Corridors 5.2.1 Sounders for installation in corridors should be equivalent to Class II (see 5.1.1). The sounder should be positioned so that the direction of its maximum sound level is pointing at the exp
47、ected approach to the identified exit from the corridor. 5.2.2 If sounders are needed to attract people to an exit in the middle of a corridor these sounders should provide equal sound levels in both directions along the corridor. This can be achieved by mounting two Class II sounders back to back.
48、Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 01:13:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8456:2005 4 BSI 18 August 2005 5.2.3 Sounders should be positioned such that at least two sounders are audible at any point on an escape route where alternativ
49、e routes are possible. 5.3 Doors 5.3.1 The system design should be based on all smoke control doors being shut. NOTE It is also essential that testing of the system is carried out with the smoke control doors shut (see Clauses 7 and 8). 5.3.2 Internal doors at decision points which form part of an escape route (e.g. fire doors in corridors), or doors leading to stairways, should be indicated by directional sounders. 5.3.3 The directional sounders should be oriented towards
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