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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1127-2:2002 Explosive atmospheres Explosion prevention and protection Part 2: Basic concepts and methodology for mining The European Standard EN 1127-2:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.230 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW L
2、icensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 12:12:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 1127-2:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of
3、 the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 13 June 2002 BSI 13 June 2002 ISBN 0 580 38310 5 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1127-2:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee FSH/23, Fire precautions i
4、n industrial and chemical plant, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found
5、 in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of this pu
6、blication are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals f
7、or change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 36, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyri
8、ght date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 12:12:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1
9、127-2 April 2002 ICS 13.230 English version Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 2: Basic concepts and methodology for mining Atmosphres explosives - Prvention de lexplosion et protection contre lexplosion - Partie 2: Notions fondamentales et mthodologie dans lexploitat
10、ion des mines Explosionsfhige Atmosphren - Explosionsschutz - Teil 2: Grundlagen und Methodik in Bergwerken This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 August 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
11、Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, Frenc
12、h, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmar
13、k, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B
14、-1050 Brussels 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1127-2:2002 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 12:12:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 1127-2:2002 (E) 2 Contents Foreword 4 In
15、troduction 5 1Scope. 7 2Normative references 9 3Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 10 4Hazard identification. 13 5Elements of risk assessment 14 5.1General 14 5.2Determining the amount and likelihood of an occurrence of an explosive atmosphere 14 5.2.1General 14 5.2.2Degree of dispersion of fl
16、ammable substances 15 5.2.3Concentration of flammable substances . 15 5.2.1Amount of explosive atmosphere. 15 5.3Determining the presence of effective ignition sources 15 5.3.1General 15 5.3.2Hot surfaces 15 5.3.3Flames and hot gases (including hot particles). 16 5.3.4Mechanically generated sparks 1
17、6 5.3.5Electrical apparatus 16 5.3.6Stray electric currents. 16 5.3.7Static electricity. 16 5.3.8Lightning 16 5.3.9Radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves from 104Hz to 3 x 1012Hz (high frequency). 16 5.3.10Electromagnetic waves from 3 x 1011Hz to 3.x 1015Hz 17 5.3.11Ionizing radiation. 17 5.3.12
18、Ultrasonics 17 5.3.13Adiabatic compression and shock waves 17 5.3.14Exothermic reactions, including self-ignition of dusts 17 5.4Estimating the possible effects of an explosion 17 6Elimination or minimization of risk. 18 6.1Fundamental principles 18 6.2Avoidance or reduction of explosive atmosphere.
19、 18 6.2.1General 18 6.2.2Process parameters 19 6.2.3Design and construction of equipment, protective systems and components containing flammable substances 20 6.3Classification of hazardous atmospheric conditions 20 6.3.1General 20 6.3.2Hazardous atmospheric conditions 21 6.4Requirements for design
20、and construction of equipment, protective systems and components to avoid effective ignition sources . 21 6.4.1General 21 6.4.2Hot surfaces 22 6.4.3Flames and hot gases. 23 6.4.4Mechanically generated sparks 23 6.4.5Electrical apparatus 24 6.4.6Stray electric currents and cathodic corrosion protecti
21、on . 24 6.4.7Static electricity. 24 6.4.8Lightning 24 6.4.9Radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves from 104Hz to 3 x 1012Hz. 24 6.4.10Electromagnetic waves from 3 x 1011Hz to 3 x 1015Hz. 25 2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 12:12:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BS
22、I EN 1127-2:2002 (E) 3 6.4.11Ionizing radiation. 25 6.4.12Ultrasonics. 26 6.4.13Adiabatic compression and shock waves 26 6.4.14Exothermic reactions, including self-ignition of dusts 26 6.5Requirements for design and construction of equipment, protective systems and components to reduce the explosion
23、 effects 26 6.5.1General. 26 6.5.2Explosion-resistant design. 27 6.5.3Explosion relief 27 6.5.4Explosion suppression . 27 6.5.5Avoidance of explosion propagation (explosion decoupling). 27 6.5.6Special equipment for underground mining 27 6.6Provisions for emergency measures 28 6.7Principles for meas
24、uring and control systems for explosion prevention and protection . 28 7Information for use 29 7.1General. 29 7.2Information on equipment, protective systems and components. 29 7.3Information for commissioning, maintenance and repair to prevent explosion. 30 7.4Qualifications and training 30 Annex A
25、 (informative) Relation between categories and hazardous atmospheric conditions. 31 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives 35 Bibliography. 36 3 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 12:12:32 GM
26、T+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 1127-2:2002 (E) Foreword This document (EN 1127-2:2002) has been prepared by CEN /TC 305, “Potentially explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard has to be implemented at na
27、tional level, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement by October 2002, and conflicting national standards have to be withdrawn by October 2002. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and su
28、pports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement thi
29、s document: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 4 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 12:12:32 GMT+00:00 2006,
30、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 1127-2:2002 (E) Introduction General CEN and CENELEC are producing a series of standards to assist designers, manufacturers and other interested bodies to interpret the essential safety requirements in order to achieve conformity with European legislation. Within this
31、series of standards CEN has undertaken to draw up a standard to give guidance in the field of explosion prevention and protection, as hazards from explosions are to be considered in accordance with EN 292-1. The European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commiss
32、ion and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential health and safety requirements. -of Directive 98/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery which in 1.5.7 of its Annex I requires that machinery s
33、hall be designed and constructed to avoid any risk of explosion as well as -of Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (call
34、ed ATEX-100a-Directive) In accordance with EN 292-1, it is a type A standard. Special considerations for mining Explosions can result from: -materials processed or used by the equipment, protective systems and components, e.g. minerals obtained as part of the winning process; -materials released by
35、the equipment, protective systems and components; -materials in the vicinity of the equipment, protective systems and components; -materials of which the equipment, protective systems and components are constructed. As the explosion protection of equipment, protective systems and components depends
36、on -the design and construction of the equipment, protective systems and components ; -the intended use; -the ambient conditions; -the materials extracted and handled this standard also includes aspects related to these factors, i.e. the manufacturer shall consider how and for what the equipment, pr
37、otective systems and components will be used and take this into account during their design and construction. Only in this way can hazards inherent in equipment, protective systems and components be reduced. NOTEThis standard may also serve as a guide for users of equipment, protective systems and c
38、omponents when assessing the risk of explosion in the workplace and selecting the appropriate equipment, protective systems and components. Mines can be either gassy or non-gassy depending upon the mineral/material being extracted and whether or not firedamp can occur in the workings. It is usual pr
39、actice to consider all coal mines as gassy mines. Non-coal mines can, however, also be susceptible to the occurrence of firedamp e.g. if minerals/materials are being extracted in the vicinity of oil-bearing strata or unworked coal seams which are disturbed by the extraction process or mines suscepti
40、ble to outbursts of flammable gas. 5 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 12:12:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 1127-2:2002 (E) In mines where flammable minerals/materials are extracted, there can also be a risk of explosions because small particles of the extracte
41、d product can be blown into the air to form dust/air mixtures able to support rapid combustion. Flammable dust can either be an explosion risk on its own (when in the form of an explosive dust/air mixture), or it can settle in layers which may be blown from the floor and sides of the roadways by a f
42、iredamp explosion. In the latter case, the explosive violence can increase manyfold as more and more fuel in the form of flammable dust is raised by a blast wave and added to the flame as it travels along the roadways. The risk of an explosive atmosphere occurring and its consequences will therefore
43、 vary from mine to mine, depending on the type of mine, its layout, the mineral being extracted and the likelihood of firedamp and/or flammable dust occurring. In coal mining, firedamp and coal dust naturally associated with the coal is released by the activity of the miners. Therefore, the potentia
44、l explosion risk is greater as a result of explosive air/gas or air/dust mixtures forming that cannot be totally excluded by the preventive measures taken. Firedamp/air mixtures are usually diluted by the ventilation and evacuated to the surface via the mine workings so that the gas content in norma
45、l operation is kept far below the lower explosion limit. However, as a result of system malfunction (e.g. fan failure), sudden release of large gas quantities (gas outbursts) or intensified gas release caused by decreasing air pressure or by increased coal production, the permissible gas concentrati
46、on thresholds may be exceeded. The explosive atmosphere caused in this way, even though limited in space and/or time, may cause a hazard not just at its point of origin but also in the escape roads, waste air paths and other connected mine structures in the mine layout Coal dust/air mixtures are usu
47、ally neutralized at the dust source by water sprays, dust removal systems on heading machines and/or treating with inert dust in order to reduce the explosive potential. However, an explosion hazard can exist if explosive dust can become airborne, e.g. at transfer points, in bunkers and other convey
48、ing systems. In contrast to surface industries, in gassy mines electrical and non-electrical equipment and mining personnel are in permanent contact with gas and/or dust/air mixtures which, under unfavourable conditions, may constitute explosive atmospheres. Accordingly, particularly stringent safet
49、y requirements are in force for explosion protection and escape possibilities in the event of a hazard. Due to the possibly devastating effects of underground gas/dust explosions, underground mining is permitted only well outside the explosion range. As a deviation from EN 1127-1:1997 “Explosive atmospheres Explosion prevention and protection - Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology“, which does not cover mining, the term “area“ is not used for the categorization of underground workings exposed to explosion hazards because normally this term stands for a clearly dim
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