《BS-EN-12510-2002.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《BS-EN-12510-2002.pdf(18页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12510:2002 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Wood poles for overhead lines Strength grading criteria The European Standard EN 12510:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 79.080; 29.240.99 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:17:01 GMT+00:00 2006, U
2、ncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 12510:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Policy and Strategy Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26 February 2002 BSI 16 Decem
3、ber 2002 ISBN 0 580 39184 1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12510:2001, including Corrigendum July 2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/518, Structural timber, to Subcommittee B/518/5, Wood poles f
4、or power and telecommunications, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be fo
5、und in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are res
6、ponsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK intere
7、sts informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the
8、document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments 14054 Corrigendum No. 1 16 December 2002Addition of 5.3.1 and changes to 6.1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:17:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENN
9、E EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12510 December 2001 ICS 29.240.20; 79.080 Incorporating corrigendum July 2002 English version Wood poles for overhead lines - Strength grading criteria Poteaux en bois pour lignes ariennes - Critres de classement de la rsistance Holzmaste fr Freileitungen - Kriterien zur Festigk
10、eitssortierung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 October 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibl
11、iographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of
12、a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norwa
13、y, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide f
14、or CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12510:2001 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:17:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12510:2001 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1Scope5 2Normative references5 3Terms and definitions.5 4Symbols and abbreviations8
15、5General Requirements8 5.1General8 5.2Species8 5.3Wood preparation9 5.3.1Tree felling9 5.3.2Handling of untreated wood9 5.3.3Storage of untreated wood .9 5.3.4Mechanical pre-treatments.9 5.4Measurement of strength reducing characteristics.9 5.4.1General.9 5.4.2Slope of grain9 5.4.3Rate of growth 9 5
16、.4.4Fissures 9 5.4.5Knots and knot clusters 10 5.4.6Mechanical damage10 5.4.7Bark pockets and Rind Galls 10 6Visual grading10 6.1Strength reducing characteristics10 6.2Fixed characteristics .10 6.2.1Sources.10 6.2.2Decay and insects 10 6.2.3Included Sapwood10 6.2.4Cracks.11 6.3Variable characteristi
17、cs.11 6.3.1Knots.11 6.3.2Slope of grain11 6.3.3Heartwood.11 6.3.4Rate of growth 11 6.3.5Straightness11 6.3.6Bark pockets and Rindgalls11 6.3.7Mechanical damage12 6.3.8Ring and Star Shake.12 6.3.9Fissures 12 6.4Other characteristics.12 6.4.1Visual characteristics12 6.4.2Other criteria.12 7Marking.12
18、Annex A (informative) Examples of standards currently in use14 Bibliography15 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:17:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12510:2001 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Structural
19、 timber“, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2002. This
20、standard includes an informative annex A. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, I
21、taly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:17:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12510:2001 (E) 4 Introduction This standard is one of five standards covering requirements
22、 for visual or machine grading, test methods, determination of characteristic values, methods of specifying durability and sizes. There are many different visual strength grading rules for timber in use in Europe. These have come into existence to allow for: ? different species or groups of species;
23、 ? geographic origin; ? different dimensional requirements; ? varying requirements for different uses; ? the quality of material available; ? historic influences or traditions. Because of the diversity of existing standards for wood poles for overhead lines in use in different countries it is curren
24、tly impossible to lay down a single set of acceptable visual grading rules for all member states. This standard on visual grading rules therefore gives basic principles which shall be followed when drawing up regional, national, local or buyer requirements for some characteristics and sets limits fo
25、r others. In laying down visual grading rules two main factors should be borne in mind: ? they should clearly define and limit the strength affecting characteristics in poles so that buyers shall have a very high confidence that poles supplied meet the required characteristic strength value; ? the r
26、ules and the text should be easily understood and be capable of implementation by grading personnel. Examples of standards currently in use and which meet these principles are listed in annex A (informative). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:17:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolle
27、d Copy, (c) BSI EN 12510:2001 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements for the handling and storage and the characteristics for inclusion in regional/national/local/buyer standards of visual strength grading of softwood and hardwood poles. It also specifies the marking require
28、ments. This standard identifies the characteristics for which, as a minimum, limits shall be given in visual grading standards or specifications. This standard applies to both softwood and hardwood poles. This standard covers only single poles under cantilever and/or compression loading. For example
29、, this standard does not cover poles used as beams. The provision of poles for use in any overhead line or cable infrastructure shall take into account a range of factors not covered by this standard which will necessitate the specification by the end user of complementary and synonymous attributes
30、to those defined in this standard. This refers to requirements for a number of factors including safety, overhead plant, handling, fittings, installation machinery and working practices including climbing. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, prov
31、isions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it
32、 by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). prEN 12509, Wood poles for overhead lines - Test methods - Determination of modulus of elasticity, bending strength, density and moisture content. ISO 3166-1, Codes for
33、 the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions - Part 1: Country codes. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 compression wood reaction wood formed typically on lower sides of branches and of leaning or cr
34、ooked stems of softwood trees 3.2 cracks separation of wood fibres across the grain. Such breaks may be due to internal strains resulting from unequal longitudinal shrinkage, fibres being crinkled by compression or other external forces 3.3 decay decomposition of wood by fungi or other micro-organis
35、ms resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass and strength, and often a change of texture and colour Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:17:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12510:2001 (E) 6 3.4 double sweep sweep characterized by two or more bends in one o
36、r several planes 3.5 grain detector device for detecting the angle of grain in timber 3.6 growth rate rate of growth is the average number of growth rings per 25 mm 3.7 heart shake radial end shake originating at the pith 3.8 bark pocket bark that is partly or wholly enclosed in the wood 3.9 include
37、d sapwood presence in the heartwood of a complete or incomplete ring having the colour and the properties of sapwood 3.10 knot portion of a branch embedded in wood 3.11 knot cluster knots located so that no grain recovery is evident between adjacent knots 3.12 knot diameter diameter of a knot is the
38、 dimension of the knot measured on the surface of the pole and perpendicular to the axis of the pole. The diameter takes the entire knot into account, including the sapwood 3.13 maximum diameter maximum diameter of the pole at the section of measurement 3.14 minimum diameter minimum diameter of the
39、pole at the section of measurement 3.15 nominal diameter a) theoretical diameter for poles with 5 % or less ovality; b ) minimum diameter for poles with greater than 5 % ovality 3.16 ovality difference between the maximum and minimum diameters at a cross-section expressed as a percentage of the mini
40、mum diameter 3.17 pole long round timber for use in a free standing application Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:17:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12510:2001 (E) 7 3.18 pole butt lowermost point of the thicker end of the pole 3.19 pole tip uppermost point o
41、f the narrow end of the pole 3.20 reaction wood wood with distinctive anatomical characteristic, formed typically in parts of leaning or crooked stems and in branches when the tree tends to restore the original position, if this has been disturbed 3.21 rindgall surface wound that has been partially
42、enclosed by the growth of a tree 3.22 ring shake fissure following the line of a growth ring 3.23 scribe cranked rod with a swivel handle and a needle at the tip, set to a slight trailing angle. Used as a grain detector by pressing the needle into the timber and drawing it across the surface in the
43、apparent direction of the grain 3.24 fissure longitudinal separation of fibres 3.25 short crook (local deflection) natural deviation of the axis of the pole occurring on a length less than 1,5 m 3.26 simple sweep sweep characterized by one bend only 3.27 slope of grain divergence of the direction of
44、 the fibres from the longitudinal axis of the piece 3.28 star shake two or more heart shakes 3.29 sweep deviation of the longitudinal axis of round timber from a straight line 3.30 taper gradual reduction in diameter of a stem along its height or round timber along its length 3.31 tension wood react
45、ion wood formed typically on upper sides of branches and of leaning or crooked stems of hardwood trees Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:17:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12510:2001 (E) 8 3.32 theoretical diameter diameter of a circle of circumference equal
46、to the real circumference at the section of measurement 4 Symbols and abbreviations None. 5 General Requirements 5.1 General Buyers of wood poles shall specify their requirements. For strength purposes the specification should include species, length, and either, the required maximum top load and de
47、flection, or, the minimum characteristic bending strength and minimum characteristic modulus of elasticity combined with the minimum diameter at 1,5 m from the butt and the minimum diameter at the tip. 5.2 Species The species commonly used, and marking codes are listed in Table 1. Where other specie
48、s are used they shall conform to this standards and shall be marked with the first letter of species name and as many letters of the second word of species name as are necessary to avoid confusion. NOTE Common names will be different depending upon language version. Table 1 - Species commonly used a
49、nd marking codes Botanical speciesCommon nameMarking code Abies alba Abies pectinata Castanea sativa Eucalyptus glogulus lobill Larix species Picea abies Picea stitchensis Pinus laricio Pinus nigra Pinus pinaster Pinus sylvestris Pinus Uncinata Pseudotsuga menziesii fir fir sweet chestnut Southern Blue gum larch spruce Sitka spruce Corsican pine Corsican/Austrian pine Maritime pine Scots pine / redwood Douglas fir AA AP CS EG LE PA SS PL PN PP PS PU PM Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3738687.html