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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12625-4:1999 The Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 12625-4:1999 has the status of a British Standard ICS 85.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Tissue paper and tissue products Part 4: Determination of tensile strength, stretch at break and tensile energy absorption Licensed Copy: sheffieldun
3、 sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:03:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 July 1999 BSI
4、 07-1999 ISBN 0 580 32453 2 BS EN 12625-4:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12625-4:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/10, Paper towels and to
5、ilet paper, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate th
6、em in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section en
7、titled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Complianc
8、e with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 5 and a back cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:03:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncont
9、rolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
10、Ref. No. EN 12625-4:1999 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 12625-4 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM January 1999 ICS 85.080 Descriptors: home sanitary articles, paper, paper products, tests, tensile tests, tensile strength, elongation at break, break strength, tensile testing machines, sampling, procedure En
11、glish version Tissue paper and tissue products Part 4: Determination of tensile strength, stretch at break and tensile energy absorption Papier tissue et produits tissues Partie 4: De termination de la re sistance a la rupture par traction, de lallongement a la rupture par traction et du travail abs
12、orbe a la rupture par traction Tissue-Papier und Tissue-Produkte Teil 4: Bestimmung der breitenbezogenen Bruchkraft, der Bruchdehnung und des Arbeitsaufnahmevermo gens This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 December 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulat
13、ions which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This Euro
14、pean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the nati
15、onal standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:03:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Unc
16、ontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 12625-4:1999 BSI 07-1999 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 172, Pulp, paper and board, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publicati
17、on of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 1999. EN 12625 contains the following parts: Part 2: Procedures for sampling and conditioning (currently available as ENV); Part 3: Determination of thic
18、kness, bulking thickness and apparent bulk density; Part 4: Determination of tensile strength, stretch at break and tensile energy absorption; Part 5: Determination of wet tensile strength; Part 6: Determination of grammage. The following parts are in preparation: Part 1: General guidance on terms;
19、Part.: Water absorption rate and water absorption capacity (basket method); Part.: Optical properties (whiteness, opacity, colour). In addition, it is expressly stated that the detection of impurities and contraries in tissue paper and tissue products should be applied according to the following Eur
20、opean Standard: prEN ISO 15755, Paper and board Estimation of contraries. (ISO/FDIS 15755:1998). For the determination of moisture content in tissue paper and tissue products, EN 20287 should be applied. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the f
21、ollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 1Scope3 2Norma
22、tive references3 3Definitions3 4Principle3 5Apparatus3 6Sampling4 7Preparation of test pieces4 8Procedure4 9Calculation4 10Test report5 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:03:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 12625-4:1999 BSI 07-1999 1 Scope This part of E
23、N 12625 specifies a test method for the determination of the tensile strength, stretch at break and tensile energy absorption of tissue paper and tissue products using a tensile testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation. This European Standard also specifies the method of calcul
24、ating the tensile index and the tensile energy absorption index. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed he
25、reafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. ENV 12625-2, Tissue paper and tis
26、sue products Procedures for sampling and conditioning. EN 12625-6, Tissue paper and tissue products Determination of grammage. EN ISO 536, Paper and board Determination of grammage. (ISO 536:1995) EN ISO 1924-2, Paper and board Determination of tensile properties Constant rate of elongation method.
27、(ISO 1924-2:1994) 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 tensile strength maximum tensile force supported by the unit width of a test piece of tissue paper or a tissue product until the onset of rupture in a tensile test 3.2 tensile index tensile streng
28、th (expressed in kilonewtons per metre) divided by grammage (according to3.2 of ENISO1924-2) 3.3 stretch at break ratio of the increase in length (elongation) of a test piece at the moment when maximum tensile force is reached during a tensile test, to its length before the test 3.4 tensile energy a
29、bsorption amount of energy per unit area of a test piece of tissue paper or a tissue product absorbed during straining until the onset of rupture (the moment of maximum tensile force) in a tensile test 3.5 tensile energy absorption index tensile energy absorption divided by grammage (according to 3.
30、5 of EN ISO 1924-2) 4 Principle A test piece of tissue paper or a tissue product supplied as a finished article of given dimensions is stretched (elongated) to rupture at a constant rate of elongation using a tensile testing apparatus that measures and records the tensile force as a function of the
31、elongation of the test piece. From the recorded data the tensile strength and the corresponding stretch (elongation) at break and the tensile energy absorption are calculated. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Tensile testing apparatus, according to EN ISO 1924-2 designed to stretch (elongate) a test piece of tissue
32、paper or tissue product of given dimensions at a constant rate of elongation of (50,02) mm/min and to record the tensile force as a function of elongation on a strip chart recorder or any equivalent device. 5.1.1 Means of measuring and indicating the tensile force and the elongation/accuracy The ten
33、sile testing apparatus shall have a means for recording the elongation to an accuracy of 0,1 mm and the force to an accuracy of1,0 % of the true force. The measurement of the elongation should start at a tension of (51) N/m. 5.1.2 Clamps The tensile testing apparatus shall have two clamps for holdin
34、g a test piece of 50 mm width. Each clamp shall be designed to grip the test piece firmly but without damage along a straight line across the full width of the test piece (the clamping line) and shall have means for adjusting the clamping force. NOTEThe clamps should preferably grip the test piece b
35、etween a cylindrical and a flat surface, with the plane of the test piece tangential to the cylindrical surface. Other types of clamp may be used if they provide that the test piece does not slip nor suffer any damage during the test. During the test the clamping lines shall be parallel to each othe
36、r. They shall also be perpendicular to the direction of the applied tensile force and to the long dimension of the test piece. The distance between the clamping lines (the test span length) shall be adjustable to1 mm. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:03:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Un
37、controlled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 12625-4:1999 BSI 07-1999 5.2 Planimeter Planimeter or other means of measuring the area between the force-elongation curve and the elongation axis, or an integrator for directly computing the work to rupture, to an accuracy of2% of the true value. 5.3 Cutting devic
38、e The cutting device shall meet the requirements in accordance with EN ISO 536 and shall produce test pieces (50,00,5) mm wide, undamaged, straight, smooth and with parallel edges. 6 Sampling If the test is to be done on a batch of tissue paper or tissue products, sample the batch in accordance with
39、 ENV 12625-2. 7 Preparation of test pieces 7.0 General Test pieces shall be selected in accordance with ENV 12625-2. Condition the specimens in accordance with ENV 12625-2 and keep them in the conditioning atmosphere throughout the test. 7.1 Dimensions Each test piece shall measure (500,5) mm in wid
40、th and at least 150 mm in length, avoiding perforations and faults. It shall be of a length sufficient to clamp it in the tensile testing apparatus with a test span length of (1001) mm. NOTEA test span length of (501) mm can be chosen to allow ready-to-use articles to be tested. This deviation from
41、the normal procedure is to be recorded in the test report. With a test span length of 50 mm vs. 100 mm the elongation will deviate to slightly higher values! With the exception of tissue paper or tissue products having an embossed pattern all over or partly over their surface, the test pieces shall
42、be free of creases, kinks, wrinkles, folds or other thickness variations. 7.2 Number of test pieces Test at least one test piece per test sheet or specimen. The test sheet shall include the number of single plies typically required for its intended use. Test pieces shall be cut from every ten test s
43、heets or specimens in machine and cross direction. Should, in isolated cases, the requisite number of ten test sheets or specimens be unavailable, test at least ten test pieces in each direction in the minimum of one specimen available. 8 Procedure Ensure that the tensile testing apparatus is calibr
44、ated and check the zero position of the recording device. Place the single- or multi-ply test piece in the clamps so that any observable slack is eliminated but the test piece is not placed under any significant strain. Do not touch the test area of the test piece between the clamps with the fingers
45、. Align and tightly clamp the test piece and make the test. Test at least 20 test pieces from each sample: ten in the machine direction and ten in the cross direction. The relative elongation rate between the clamps shall be kept at a constant (502) mm/min. Record all readings, except for test piece
46、s that break within 5 mm away from the clamping line. The latter case shall be subject to the following provision: If more than 20 % of the test piece cut from a particular specimen break within 5 mm away from the clamping line, reject all the readings obtained for that specimen, inspect the apparat
47、us for conformity with the specifications and take the appropriate remedial measures. 9 Calculation Calculate and report the results separately for the machine direction and for the cross direction. 9.1 Tensile strength Calculate the mean breaking force (maximum tensile force) in newton of all singl
48、e values available representing acceptable test results. Calculate the tensile strength (mean) from the equation (1): S =3 103(1) F wi where Sis the tensile strength (mean), expressed in newtons per metre (S is the single value of the tensile strength); Fis the maximum tensile force (mean) in newton
49、s (breaking force), (F is the single value of the maximum tensile force); wiis the initial width, in millimetres, of the test piece (standard 50 mm). Express the tensile strength of the test piece in the dry conditioned state in newtons per metre to three significant figures. 9.2 Tensile index Calculate the tensile index from the equation (2): I =3 103(2) S g where Iis the tensile index, expressed in newton metres per gram; Sis the tensile strength (mean), expressed in newtons per metre; gis the mean gramma
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