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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12283:2002 Printing and business paper Determination of toner adhesion The European Standard EN 12283:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 85.080 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:04:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 12283:2
2、002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 4 December 2002 BSI 4 December 2002 ISBN 0 580 40892 2 National foreword This B
3、ritish Standard is the official English language version of EN 12283:2002. It supersedes DD ENV 12283:1997 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Test methods for paper, board and pulps, which has the responsibility to: A list of orga
4、nizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corres
5、pondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not o
6、f itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments
7、 and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.
8、 DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:04:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12283 October 2002 ICS 85.080Supersedes ENV 12283:1996 English version Printing and business paper - Determination of toner ad
9、hesion Papier dimpression et de bureau - Dtermination de ladhsion du toner Druck- und Bropapier - Bestimmug der Tonerhaftung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 August 2002. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for givi
10、ng this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official version
11、s (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
12、 Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue
13、de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12283:2002 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:04:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12283:2002 (E) 2 Content
14、s page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1Scope 4 2Normative references 4 3Terms and definitions4 4Principle5 5Sampling.5 6Apparatus and materials.5 6.1Imaging machine5 6.2Toner.5 6.3Image to be printed5 6.4IGT tester 5 6.5Picking oil.5 6.6Optical densitometer .5 6.7Internal reference sample .5 7Procedure .6
15、 7.1Preparation of test pieces.6 7.2Picking test.6 7.3Determination of optical density6 8Calculation7 9Precision.7 9.1Internal reference paper7 9.2Repeatability.7 10Test report 7 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:04:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12283:2002
16、(E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12283:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 172 “Pulp, paper and board“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, a
17、t the latest by April 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2003. This document supersedes ENV 12283:1996. With regard to ENV 12283:1996 the following changes have been made: a) the scope is described more precise; b) “internal reference paper“ is defined
18、 and definition is added in clause 3; c) more precise explanations on the “procedure“ are given in clause 6; d) deletion of the calculation of the optical density in clause 8; e) transformation from a European Prestandard (ENV) in a European Standard (EN) is intended; f) editorial updating. Accordin
19、g to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Port
20、ugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:04:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12283:2002 (E) 4 Introduction Toner adhesion is an important print quality factor that depends on paper properties as well as printin
21、g machine characteristics. A quick qualitative impression can be obtained by folding a fully toned image area and inspecting for a loss of toner. Another qualitative test method is to press adhesive tape on to such an image, slowly separate the adhesive tape from the print and examine the detached t
22、oner. However, the IGT method described in this European Standard yields quantitative and reproducible results. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the determination of the adhesion of dry toner on paper sheet, printed with imaging machines such as copier machines and printers. The chosen measu
23、ring range allows discrimination of toner adhesion around the level found with many common paper and machine combinations. Since divers imaging processes give different toner adhesion, the described method at constant IGT speed is not advised to compare degree of toner adhesion between different typ
24、es of machines. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendm
25、ents to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 20187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for c
26、onditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples (ISO 187:1990). EN ISO 186, Paper and board - Sampling to determine average quality (ISO 186:2002) EN ISO 216, Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter - Trimmed sizes - A and B series (ISO 216
27、:1975) ISO 3783, Paper and board Determination of resistance of picking Accelerating speed method using the IGT tester (Electric model). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dry toner imaging process imaging method using d
28、ry toner, that is generally fixed on paper by heat and/or pressure 3.2 dry toner ink powder used for imaging in printers and copier machines 3.3 toner adhesion property that measures the bonding strength of a toner image to paper NOTEToner adhesion is dimensionless. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffi
29、eldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:04:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12283:2002 (E) 5 3.4 internal reference paper paper that is sufficiently homogenous and stable to be used for internal calibration of laboratory equipment 4 Principle Creation of solid black areas on paper with a copier mac
30、hine using dry toner. Subjecting the printed black areas to picking test in the IGT tester at a constant speed. The ratio between the optical densities of the black area before and after picking test is an indication of the toner adhesion of printed paper. 5 Sampling Samples shall be taken in accord
31、ance with EN ISO 186, unless otherwise agreed. 6 Apparatus and materials 6.1 Imaging machine Any commercial machine using dry toner imaging process and in good working order as specified by the manufacturer. 6.2 Toner The toner recommended by the manufacturer of the machine should be used. 6.3 Image
32、 to be printed In accordance with EN ISO 216 an A4 format original carrying two heavy solid black stripes should be used, 30 mm wide and parallel to the longer side of the sheet. For printers, use the equivalent maximum density digital image. NOTEThe word “black“ can be substituted if another colour
33、 of toner is used. 6.4 IGT tester An IGT tester as described in ISO 3783 equipped with 20 mm wide printing discs is required. 6.5 Picking oil Medium viscosity pick test oil as defined in ISO 3783 should be used. 6.6 Optical densitometer Any optical densitometer can be used. 6.7 Internal reference sa
34、mple As the copier machine is an important part of the testing it is necessary always to run an internal reference paper together with the samples to make sure that the machine is in good working condition. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:04:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
35、Copy, (c) BSI EN 12283:2002 (E) 6 7 Procedure 7.1 Preparation of test pieces Select 12 consecutive A4 test sheets from the paper to be tested, directly after opening the package, just before the printing. Mark each sheet and side for identification. Arrange the sheets to be tested in a stack so that
36、 they will be fed through the imaging machine in the following order: 12sheets of any paper - to be discarded, 6sheets of the reference sample,side 1 up; 6sheets of sample 1,side 1 up; 6sheets of sample 1,side 2 up; 6sheets of sample 2,side 1 up; 6sheets of sample 2,side 2 up; 6sheets of sample n,si
37、de 1 up; 6sheets of sample n,side 2 up; 6sheets of the reference sample,side 1 up. The maximum number of sheets that shall be tested in one stack is limited by the requirement that the whole stack shall pass through the imaging machine in 2 min or less. Run a number of waste sheets without printing
38、image for 2 min to achieve constant conditions. Discard these sheets. Run the stack immediately using the image to be printed (see 6.3). If more than one stack is to be tested, run waste sheets without printing image again for 2 min immediately before running the next stack. From each printed test s
39、heet cut two test pieces 35 mm wide to include the whole area of the printed black stripes. Mark the test pieces for identification. Condition the test pieces for at least 8 h at 23 C and 50 % relative humidity in accordance with EN 20187. 7.2 Picking test Test the test pieces, using the IGT tester
40、(see 6.4) and medium viscosity pick test oil (see 6.5) with the following settings: printing force 800 N; constant speed of 0,4 m/s. Leave the IGT treated test pieces until the picking oil is dry. 7.3 Determination of optical density Examine the test pieces visually and record any features of intere
41、st in the test report. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 09:04:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12283:2002 (E) 7 With an optical densitometer (see 6.6), take five readings along the centre line of the IGT treated area, making sure that no measurement is taken les
42、s than 50 mm from either end of the strip. Then measure the optical density of the black area next to the IGT treated area in the same way, to achieve the density of the untreated solid black. Each measurement should be made with the test piece placed over an opaque pad of the same or similar unprin
43、ted paper. 8 Calculation Calculate the mean density for each test piece. For each test sheet, calculate the toner adhesion T according to the formula (1): blacksolid IGT D D T =(1) where: DIGTis the mean optical density of the black strip treated in the IGT tester; Dsolid blackis the mean optical de
44、nsity of the untreated black strip of the same test piece. Examine the results so obtained and calculate the mean and standard deviation for each sample. If both sides of the paper have been tested, calculate the results separately. NOTEFor papers with very good toner adhesion the value of T can exc
45、eed one (1). This is due to the fact that the picking oil can increase the optical density of the back area if no picking of toner occurs. 9 Precision 9.1 Internal reference paper The mean value and range of the toner adhesion of the internal reference paper has to be established for each copier mac
46、hine used. The degree of toner adhesion of the internal reference paper for following tests shall match the earlier established range, otherwise the machine has to be checked. 9.2 Repeatability Seven test pieces of different origin were tested five times each using two different copying machines. Th
47、e coefficient of variation ranged from 5 % to 15 %. 10 Test report The test report shall refer to this European Standard and state: a) identification of the paper tested; b) date and place of testing; c) model and other information to identify the copier machine used; d) type of optical densitometer
48、 used; e) the mean toner adhesion and its standard deviation. If both sides of the paper have been tested, report the results separately; any departure from this European Standard and other circumstances that may have affected the test results. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28
49、09:04:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 12283:2002 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the lates
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