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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12716:2001 Execution of special geotechnical works Jet grouting The European Standard EN 12716:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 93.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 12716:2001 This British Standard, having been prepar
2、ed under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2001 BSI 07-2001 ISBN 0 580 36978 1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of E
3、N 12716:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics, to Subcommittee B/526/4, Strengthened reinforced soils and other fills, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request
4、to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the B
5、SI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid en
6、quirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document compri
7、ses a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 35 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1
8、2716 May 2001 ICS 93.020 English version Execution of special geotechnical works - Jet grouting Excution des travaux gotechniques spciaux - Colonnes, panneaux et structures de sol-ciment raliss par jet Ausfhrung von besonderen geotechnischen Arbeiten (Spezialtiefbau) - Dsenstrahlverfahren (Hochdruck
9、injektion, Hochdruckbodenvermrtelung, Jetting) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterat
10、ion. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translatio
11、n under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
12、Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by
13、any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12716:2001 E Page 2 EN 12716:2001 Contents page Foreword3 1Scope 4 2Normative references 4 3Terms and definitions4 4Specific needs11 5Geotechnical investigation.12 6Materials13 7Design considerations 14 7.1General14 7.2Geometry 17 7.
14、3Strength and Deformation Characteristics .17 7.4Permeability17 8Execution18 8.1General18 8.2Equipment.19 8.3Preliminary works20 8.4Drilling.20 8.5Jet grouting 21 8.6Spoil Return21 8.7Placing the reinforcement.21 9Supervision, testing and monitoring .21 9.1General21 9.2Preliminary tests22 9.3Supervi
15、sion and process testing .22 9.4Testing on the constructed elements23 9.5Monitoring.24 10Execution documents24 10.1Documents available on site.24 10.2Documents to be produced on site25 11Special requirements.25 11.1Compliance with national standards .25 11.2Site safety.25 11.3Protection of the envir
16、onment26 Annex A (normative) Additional design requirements27 Annex B (informative) Ranges of jet grouting parameters28 Annex C (informative) Indirect tests29 Annex D (informative) Examples of site records of jet grouting works.30 Annex E (informative) Degree of obligation of the provisions .33 Bibl
17、iography35 Page 3 EN 12716:2001 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 288, “Execution of special geotechnical works“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication o
18、f an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2001. Annex A is normative, and the annexes B, C, D and E are informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards
19、organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Page 4 EN 12716:
20、2001 1 Scope This Standard is applicable to the execution, testing and monitoring of jet grouting works. Design considerations, strictly related to jet grouting works only, are given in clause 7. More general requirements that could be included in, or substituted by clauses of future editions of Eur
21、ocode 7 are listed in Annex A. NOTEThe jet grouting processes should be distinguished from the grouting processes covered by EN 12715. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at
22、 the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of
23、the publication referred to applies (including amendments). ENV 197-1:1992, Cement - Composition, specifications and conformity criteria - Part 1: Common cements prEN 1008:1997, Mixing water for concrete - Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including wash wat
24、er from recycling installations in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete ENV 1992-1-1:1991, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings ENV 1997-1:1994, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules 3 Terms and definitions For the
25、 purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 jet grouting the jet grouting process consists of the disaggregation of the soil or weak rock and its mixing with, and partial replacement by, a cementing agent; the disaggregation is achieved by means of a high ener
26、gy jet of a fluid which can be the cementing agent itself 3.2 jet grouted element a volume of soil treated through a single borehole. The most common elements are : ? jet grouted column : a cylindrical jet grouted element (Fig.1 a) ; ? jet grouted panel : a planar jet grouted element (Fig.1 b). 3.3
27、jet grouted structure an assembly of jet grouted elements which are partially or fully interlocked. The most common structures formed are : ? jet grouted diaphragm : a wall structure (Fig.2 a) ; ? jet grouted slab : a horizontal structure formed by essentially vertical jet grouting (Fig.2 b) ; ? jet
28、 grouted canopy : a structure formed by horizontal jet grouting see 3.8 below (Fig.2 c) ; ? jet grouted block : a three-dimensional structure. Page 5 EN 12716:2001 3.4 single system the jet grouting process in which the disaggregation and cementation of soil are achieved by a high energy jet of a si
29、ngle fluid, usually a cement grout (Fig.3 a) 3.5 double (air) system the jet grouting process in which the disaggregation and the cementation of soil are achieved by one high energy fluid (usually a cement grout) assisted by an air jet shroud as a second fluid (Fig.3 b) 3.6 double (water) system the
30、 jet grouting process in which the disaggregation of the soil is achieved by a high energy water jet and its cementing is simultaneously obtained by a separate grout jet (Fig.3 c) 3.7 triple system the jet grouting process in which the disaggregation of the soil is achieved by a high energy water je
31、t assisted by an air jet shroud, and its cementing is simultaneously obtained by a separate grout jet (Fig.3 d) NOTEIn special cases the water can be substituted for other appropriate liquids or suspensions. 3.8 horizontal jet grouting treatment performed from a horizontal or sub-horizontal borehole
32、 (within 20 from the horizontal plane) 3.9 jet grouting rig rotary rig able to automatically regulate the rotation and translation of the jet grouting string and tool 3.10 jet grouting string jointed rods, with simple, double or triple inner conduit, which convey the jet grouting fluid(s) to the mon
33、itor 3.11 monitor the tool mounted at the end of the jet grouting string, to enable jetting of the fluids into the ground 3.12 nozzle a specially manufactured device fitted into the monitor and designed to transform the high pressure fluid flow in the string into the high speed jet directed at the s
34、oil 3.13 radius of influence effective distance of disaggregation of soil by the jet, measured from the axis of the monitor 3.14 spoil return the surplus mixture of soil particles and introduced fluids arising from the jet grouting process, and normally flowing to the ground surface via the annulus
35、of the jetting borehole 3.15 jet grouting parameters the jet grouting parameters are defined : ? pressure of the fluid(s) within the jet grouting string ; ? flow rate of the fluid(s) within the jet grouting string ; ? grout composition ; ? rotation speed of the jet grouting string ; Page 6 EN 12716:
36、2001 ? rate of withdrawal or insertion of the jet grouting string. 3.16 prejetting the method in which the jet grouting of an element is facilitated by a preliminary disaggregation phase, with a jet of water and/or other fluids NOTEPrejetting is also widely known as prewashing or precutting. 3.17 fr
37、esh-in-fresh sequence the sequence of work in which the jet grouted elements are constructed successively without waiting for the grout to harden in the overlapping elements (Fig.4 a) 3.18 primary-secondary sequence the sequence of work in which the execution of an overlapping element cannot commenc
38、e before a specified hardening time or achievement of predetermined strength of the adjacent elements previously constructed (Fig.4 b) 3.19 jet grouted material the material which constitutes the body of a jet grouted element 3.20 reinforced jet grouting jet grouted columns reinforced by steel or ot
39、her high strength material Page 7 EN 12716:2001 Figure 1 a) Jet grouted columnFigure 1 b) Jet grouted panel Figure 1 Examples of jet grouted elements Figure 2 a) Jet grouted diaphragms Page 8 EN 12716:2001 Figure 2 b) Jet grouted slabFigure 2 c) Jet grouted canopy Figure 2 Examples of jet grouted st
40、ructures Key 1 Monitor Figure 3 a) Single system Page 9 EN 12716:2001 Key 1 Monitor Figure 3 b) Double (air) system Key 1 Monitor Figure 3 c) Double (water) system Page 10 EN 12716:2001 Key 1 Monitor Figure 3 d) Triple system Figure 3 Schemes of jet grouting systems Figure 4 a) Fresh in fresh sequen
41、ce Figure 4 b) Primary secondary sequence Figure 4 Work sequences Page 11 EN 12716:2001 4 Specific needs 4.1The following information shall be determined prior to design or execution activities : ? detailed description of the ground profile and its geotechnical properties within the intended extent
42、of treatment ; and, as appropriate : ? hydrogeological conditions ; ? boundary conditions (adjacent structures, buried structures and services, overhead power lines and other working restrictions, access) ; ? environmental requirements; in particular disposal of spoil return ; ? acceptable deformati
43、on of the structures to be underpinned or of adjacent structures. 4.2Design assumptions according to ENV 1997-1-1:1994 - clause 2 shall be verified, and modified if necessary, according to information obtained during the execution phase. 4.3Due to the nature of jet grouting works, the client, the ma
44、in contractor, a specialist contractor or a consulting engineer, may perform all or parts of the design. 4.4The allocation of design, execution and supervision activities and responsibilities of all the parties involved shall be legibly specified in the contract documents. 4.5Design and execution sh
45、ould include, as appropriate, the activities listed in table 1. The order shown does not necessarily represent a time sequence. Page 12 EN 12716:2001 Table 1 Recommended list of activities in the design and execution of jet grouting NActivity 1Provision of site investigation data for execution of je
46、t grouting works. 2Decision to use jet grouting, preliminary trials and testing if required ; provision of a specification. 3Acquisition of all legal authorization necessary for the execution from authorities and third parties. 4Overall design of jet grouted structure and definition of the geotechni
47、cal category. 5Consideration of the relevant temporary phases of execution. 6Assessment of the site investigation data with respect to design assumptions. 7Assessment of the construction feasibility of the design. 8Execution of trials if required and of any relevant tests. 9Evaluation of the results
48、 of the preliminary trials and tests. 10Selection of jet grouting system. 11Assessment of the jet grouting system and definition of the working procedures. 12Definition of the dimensions, location and orientation of jet grouted elements. 13Instructions regarding the working sequence if required. 14D
49、efinition of the working sequence. 15Instruction to all parties involved of key items in the design criteria to which special attention should be directed. 16Specification for monitoring the effects of jet grouting works on adjacent structures (type and accuracy of instruments, frequency of measurement) and for interpreting the results. 17Definition of tolerable limits of the effects of jet grouting works on adjacent structures. 18Execution of the jet grouting works, including monitoring of the jet grouting parameters. 19Supervisi
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