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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13581:2002 Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Test methods Determination of loss of mass of hydrophobic impregnated concrete after freeze-thaw salt stress The European Standard EN 13581:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.080
2、.40; 91.100.30 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:44:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13581:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under
3、 the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 18 September 2002 BSI 18 September 2002 ISBN 0 580 40401 3 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13581:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
4、B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/8, Protection and repair of concrete structures, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or Europ
5、ean publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include al
6、l the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries o
7、n the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back co
8、ver and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:44:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD
9、NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13581 August 2002 ICS 91.080.40; 91.100.30 English version Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test method - Determination of loss of mass of hydrophobic impregnated concrete after freeze-thaw salt stress Produits et systmes
10、pour la protection et la rparation des structures en bton - Mthode dessai - Dtermination de la perte de masse aprs la mthode dessai de gel-dgel dun bton hydrofuge Produkte und Systeme fr den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Prfverfahren - Bestimmung des Masseverlustes von hydropho
11、biertem Beton nach der Beanspruchung durch Frost-Tausalz- Wechsel This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 December 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standa
12、rd without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other langu
13、age made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ice
14、land, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CENAll rights of exp
15、loitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13581:2002 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:44:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13581:2002 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1Scope 4 2Normative references4 3Symbols
16、4 4Principle5 5Apparatus .5 6Preparation of test samples5 7Treatment6 8Test procedure.6 9Expression of results 8 10Test Report.9 Annex A (normative) Graphic change of mass above cycles.10 Annex B (informative) 11 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:44:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
17、olled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13581:2002 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13581:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. It has been elaborated by Subcommittee SC 8 “Products and systems for the protection and repair
18、 of concrete structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the lat
19、est by February 2003. The annex A is normative and the annex B is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
20、 Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:44:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13581:2002 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standar
21、d is one of a series dealing with products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. It specifies a method for determining the loss of mass after freeze-thaw salt stress in sodium chloride solution. It can be used to test the resistance of hydrophobic impregnated concrete as
22、well as the untreated concrete. There are two types of concrete deterioration when a freeze-thaw attack occurs: surface scaling and internal damage. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative reference
23、s are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the late
24、st edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 1766, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Reference concrete for testing. 3 Symbols SymbolExplanationUnit CDifference between the reached number of cycles of untreated
25、and treated test cubes - CConsumption of impregnant during treatment g/m2 CabsQuantity of fluid absorbed of one test cube during immersion in 3 % NaCl-solution% Cabs, mQuantity of fluid absorbed of four test cubes during immersion in 3 % NaCl-solution; Mean value of treated an untreated test cubes %
26、 CmMean consumption of impregnant during treatment g/m2 CnConsumption of impregnant for each face of the cube during treatment g/m2 CuReached number of cycles of untreated test cubes- CtReached number of cycles of treated test cubes- nIndicating the number of cycles carried out- ?WnChange of mass af
27、ter the n cycle% WnMass of a test cube after n cyclesg W0Mass of a test cube before immersion for 24 h in 3 % NaCl solutiong Wt1Mass of test cube immediately prior to treatmentg Wt2Mass of test cube immediately after treatmentg WeMass of a test cube after immersion for 24 h in 3 % NaCl solutiong Lic
28、ensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:44:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13581:2002 (E) 5 4 Principle The principle of the test method described in this standard is to compare the loss of mass and visible defects of treated and untreated test cubes from the same bat
29、ch of concrete. The difference between the reached cycles of treated and untreated test cubes characterizes the effectiveness of a hydrophobic impregnant. 5 Apparatus 5.1Eight moulds for concrete cubes (100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm). 5.2Laboratory or chamber maintained at constant temperature (21 ? 2) C
30、 and relative humidity of (60 ? 10) %. 5.3Four brass or stainless steel watertight containers with a width of (120 ? 10) mm, a length of (260 ? 10) mm and a height of (150 ? 10) mm. The sheet metal shall be approximately 1 mm thick. The containers are closed with lids which shall be designed so that
31、 they cannot be lifted off when the chamber is flooded. The lid of one container shall have an opening for placing a thermocouple to measure the temperature in the centre of one test cube. 5.4Thermocouples, or an equivalent temperature measuring device with which the temperature shall be measured to
32、 an accuracy of 0,5 C. A continuous recording device shall be used measuring and recording the temperature at least every 10 min over a period of 24 h. 5.5An automatically-controlled freezing chamber with a flooding device. The performance of the freezing chamber shall be designed so that it is poss
33、ible to maintain the temperature cycle referred to Figure 1 for each of the test cubes placed in it. 5.6Brush, with short (about 20 mm), soft bristles for brushing off scaled material. 5.7Spray bottle, containing tap water for washing off scaled material. 5.8Drying cabinet, for a temperature of at l
34、east 110 C. 5.9Balance, with an accuracy within ? 0,1 g. 5.10Desiccator cabinet containing silica gel 5.11Fume cupboard 5.12Sodium-chloride solution; 3 percent by weight. 5.13One 5 l beaker with suitable spacers to support test cubes. 5.14One 150 mm diameter petri dish with 2 spacers glued to bottom
35、 of dish to support the test cubes during treatment. 6 Preparation of test samples Eight 100 mm concrete test cubes shall be cast from a single batch of type C (0,70) concrete and cured for 28 days according to EN 1766. No mould oil or release agent shall be used. After removal from the curing tank,
36、 the test cubes shall be cleaned with tap water using a soft brush (5.6) to remove any loose material. The surface of the test cubes shall not be grit blasted. The test cubes shall then be conditioned for at least 60 days at a temperature of (21 ? 2) C an a relative humidity of (60 ? 10) %. Licensed
37、 Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:44:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13581:2002 (E) 6 7 Treatment Four test cubes (No. 1 - 4) shall be treated in a fume cupboard (5.11) with the fan on after the conditioning of the specimens. Each cube shall be treated by dipping eac
38、h face in the impregnant. Immediately prior to treatment of each face, the cube shall be weighed (Wt1). 60 ml of the material shall be measured into a petri dish 150 mm in diameter (5.14). One side of the cube, supported on the 2 mm plastic spacers, shall be dipped in the material for (120 ? 5) s, a
39、nd then removed. Excess liquid on the cube shall be allowed to drain back into the dish (5.14) and the cube immediately reweighed (Wt2). The excess material in the dish is then to be discarded. This procedure shall be repeated for first side of the other two cubes. The consumption (Cn) of the materi
40、al for each face of the cube shall be calculated as follows : 010 1 2 , WW C t t n ? ? in grams by square meters(1) The above procedure shall be repeated on the remaining faces of each of the cubes and the average consumption for each cube shall be calculated. The mean consumption (Cm) for the three
41、 test cubes shall be calculated. If the consumption is below the manufacturers recommended value the time of dipping can be extended. If it is not practical to treat test cubes by this method, the treatment should be carried out in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. The cubes shall be s
42、tored in a climate (21 2) C and (60 ? 10) % R. H. for 14 days after the treatment suitably supported to allow air circulation around each of the 6 faces. 8 Test procedure One day before the start of the freezing test, the mass of the 8 test cubes is determined with an accuracy of 0,1 g (W0). The 8 t
43、est cubes provided for the freezing test shall then be placed in four containers (5.3) so that the faces which were uppermost during manufacture are perpendicular to the base of the container and that there shall be about 10 mm distance between the test cubes and the steel containers. The containers
44、 shall be filled with 3 % sodium-chloride-solution (5.12) until the solution covers the test cubes by more than 20 mm and less than 30 mm. 24 h after the start of this storage the mass of each test cube shall be determined again to an accuracy of 0,1 g (We) and the quantity of fluid absorbed in 24 h
45、 (Cabs) is calculated from the increase in mass following the equation 2 : 100? ? ? e oe abs W WW C in %(2) The means values Cabs, m are to be calculated from the single values Cabs of treated and untreated test cubes. The temperature of the freezing chamber (5.5) shall be controlled so that the tem
46、perature at the centre of the test cube corresponds to the solid line in Figure 1 and shall not leave the shaded area in the diagram. The air temperature shall not fall below - 25 C. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:44:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13581:2
47、002 (E) 7 Immediately after the determination of We the containers containing the test cubes immersed in 3 % sodium-chloride-solution shall be placed with closed lids in the freezing chamber ensuring that they are evenly distributed. The freeze-thaw cycle then begins. The containers shall be changed
48、 around once a week; they are turned through 180 and interchanged on a cyclic basis. The number of containers in the freezing chamber shall always be the same. If only a few test cubes are to be tested, containers with “blank test cubes“ shall be put in for this purpose. The containers shall not be
49、placed on top of each other. Immediately after the 16 h cooling/freezing phase, the freezing chamber is flooded with water or the containers are put into a water bath of (21 ? 2) C so that the water level shall be (20 ? 5) mm below the brims of the containers. The thawing phase shall last a total of 8 h. 15 min before the end of the 8 h thawing phase the water is pumped out of the freezing chamber for a maximum time of 15 min. The water shall always be in circulation and be kept at
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