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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12670:2002 Natural stone Terminology The European Standard EN 12670:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.15; 01.040.91 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 05:05:54 GMT+00:
2、00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 12670:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 February 2002 BSI 27
3、 February 2002 ISBN 0 580 39185 X National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12670:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/545, Natural stone, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented
4、 on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence In
5、dex”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself
6、confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in
7、 the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 49 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed
8、 Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 05:05:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12670 December 2001 ICS 01.040.73; 01.040.91; 73.020; 91.100.15 English version Natural stone - Terminology Pierre naturelle - TerminologieNaturstei
9、n - Terminologie This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 October 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bi
10、bliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility o
11、f a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Nor
12、way, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide
13、 for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12670:2001 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 05:05:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12670:2001 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1Scope 5 2Terminology of Natural Stone. 5 2.1Geological terms. 5 2.2Quarrying ter
14、ms 27 2.3Processing terms 29 2.4Products and installation terms 32 3Scientific Classifications . 35 3.1Geological Time Scale (Informative) 35 3.2Scientific Classification Charts . 36 3.2.1Igneous Rocks Classification Charts 36 3.2.2Sedimentary Rocks Classification Charts 42 3.2.3Metamorphic Rocks Cl
15、assification Chart . 46 Annex A (informative) Alphabetic Index . 47 Bibliography. 53 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 05:05:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12670:2001 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Nat
16、ural Stone“, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2002. T
17、his draft standard is one of a series of standards for natural stone products including denomination, test methods and product standards. Annexes A and B are informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to i
18、mplement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 05:05:54 GMT+00:
19、00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12670:2001 (E) 4 Introduction The term Natural Stone groups several rock types with marked geological differences. The extraction elaboration and commerce of Natural Stone have set a very particular vocabulary. Many of these terms have been taken from the popul
20、ar or quarrymen language, which sometimes is far from scientific definitions; this often results in a great deal of confusion. This standard establishes the terminological bases for geological and petrologic definitions of Natural Stone and its classification. References to definitions of natural st
21、one products, defined in other European Standards, are provided when necessary. It also incorporates most of the popular or commercial terminology. The terminology covers the fields of geology, mining, processing, marketing and products of Natural Stone. The included scientific classifications allow
22、s to set the scientific name of the stone varieties. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 05:05:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12670:2001 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard defines the recommended terminology covering scientific, and technical terms, test method
23、s, products, and the classification of Natural Stones. 2 Terminology of Natural Stone NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard the following abbreviations apply: e.g. for example (Latin exempli gratia); i.e. that is (Latin id est). 2.1 Geological terms 2.1.1 accessory minerals: Rock-forming m
24、inerals that occur in such small amounts that they are not included in the classification of the rock. NOTE Accessory minerals can be used to state precisely the name of the rock, e.g. biotite granite. (See also EN 12440). 2.1.2 acid rock: Igneous rock that contains more than 65 % of silica. 2.1.3 a
25、ctinolite: Ca-Mg-Fe-amphibole. See amphibole formula. 2.1.4 agate: Cryptocrystalline variety of silica, showing a variegated banded structure and waxy luster. 2.1.5 agglomerate: Extrusive pyroclastic rock of consolidated or unconsolidated coarse volcanic fragments (with diameters greater than 64 mm)
26、, in which rounded pyroclasts predominate. 2.1.6 alabaster: Fine grained, compact variety of gypsum, usually white or pale coloured and translucent. 2.1.7 albite: Sodium plagioclase, formula Na ?Al Si3 O8? See plagioclase. 2.1.8 alkali feldspar: The alkali-rich feldspars microcline, orthoclase, sani
27、dine, albite, with less than 5% anorthite. See feldspar and plagioclase. 2.1.9 allochems: One of the several varieties of discrete and organized carbonate aggregates that serve as the coarser framework grains in most mechanically deposited limestones. Important allochems include: silt, sand, gravels
28、ize intraclasts ooids; pellets; lumps and fossils or fossil fragments. 2.1.10 allotriomorphic; anhedral; xenomorphic: Term applied to minerals which show in thin sections no characteristic or rational faces, suggested by its crystalline structure. 2.1.11 alteration: Changes of the mineralogical comp
29、osition of a rock brought about by physical, chemical or biological means, including actions of hydrothermal solutions and weathering processes. Differs from metamorphism in being milder, more localized and not restricted to high temperatures. 2.1.12 alumina; corundum: A mineral, formula Al2O3. Used
30、 in fine polishing. 2.1.13 amorphous: Mineral that does not have a crystalline structure. 2.1.14 amphibole: Family of dark ferromagnesian silicate minerals, general formula A2-3B5(Si,Al)8O22(OH)2, where A= Mg, Fe 2+, Ca, Na; B=Mg, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al. 2.1.15 amphibolite: Metamorphic rock consisting mainl
31、y of amphibole and plagioclase. See 3.2.3.1 2.1.16 amygdaloidal: Fabric of volcanic rocks where vesicles are present, which are full or partially filled with secondary minerals. 2.1.17 analcime: A mineral Na ?AlSi2O6? H2O of the zeolite group, which can occur in basalts. See Licensed Copy: sheffield
32、un sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 05:05:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12670:2001 (E) 6 also zeolite, secondary minerals. 2.1.18 anhedral: See allotriomorphic. 2.1.19 anisotropy: Property of some minerals and rocks of having different behaviour in different directions. i.e. hardness i
33、n kyanite, thermal expansion in calcite, flexural resistance in slate. 2.1.20 andalusite: Mineral Al2SiO5 polymorphous with sillimanite and kyanite. 2.1.21 andesite: Volcanic rock composed mainly of plagioclase (oligoclase-andesine) and one or more of the dark minerals amphibole, pyroxene, and bioti
34、te. 2.1.22 anhydrite: Sedimentary evaporitic mineral, formula CaSO4. 2.1.23 ankerite: Mineral of dolomite group with calcium and iron. 2.1.24 anorthite: Calcic plagioclase, Ca ?Al2Si2O8?. See plagioclase. 2.1.25 anorthoclase: Sodium-rich mineral of the alkali feldspar group, formula (Na,K)AlSi3O8. I
35、ts composition, in term of the mole fraction of the orthoclase component (or) and the albite component (ab) is or40ab60 to or10ab90. See feldspar, microcline, plagioclase, orthoclase. 2.1.26 anorthosite: Plutonic rock mainly composed of plagioclase and little or no dark minerals. See 3.2.1.1. 2.1.27
36、 antiperthite: Feldspar containing intergrowth lamellae of orthoclase in albite. See also feldspar and perthite. 2.1.28 apatite: Group of minerals, formula Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,OH,Cl). 2.1.29 aplite: Fine grained dyke rock of granitic composition. 2.1.30 aragonite: Mineral, polymorphous with calcite, for
37、mula CaCO3. 2.1.31 arenite: Consolidated sedimentary rock mainly composed of sand-size detrital fragments or mineral grains, usually the term is used with a prefix that refers to its composition or genesis, e.g. quartzarenite. See also 3.2.2.4 2.1.32 argillite: Consolidated sedimentary rock mainly c
38、omposed wholly of detrital clay-size particles or clay minerals. 2.1.33 arkose: Sedimentary detrital rock with less than 75 % quartz and a high content of feldspar grains. See 3.2.2.4. 2.1.34 augen fabric; ocellar fabric: Fabric in some rocks, usually metamorphic, consisting of ellipsoidal or lens-s
39、haped porphyroblasts, crystals, or fragments, rounded and enveloped by the foliation, resembling eyes (augen) in a cross section. 2.1.35 augite (clinopyroxenes): Mineral of the pyroxene group (clinopiroxenes), general formula (Ca,Na) (Mg,Fe 2+,Al) (Si,Al) 2O6 2.1.36 banded: Rock having alternating n
40、early parallel layers that differ in colour, fabric or mineral composition, and because of that it shows alternating bands in a cross section. 2.1.37 basalt (basanite): a) Scientifically: volcanic rock consisting essentially of plagioclase (labradorite-anorthite) and pyroxene and includes a fine gra
41、ined to dense fabric (See 3.2.1.3). b) Commercially: basalt is a natural stone as per the scientific definition of basalt and other rocks such as basalt, picrites, diabases, dolerites and microgabbros. 2.1.38 basic: Igneous rock with more than 45 % and less than 52 % of silice. 2.1.39 bedding plane:
42、 a) A planar or nearly planar surface that visibly separates the individual beds, layers or strata, especially in sedimentary rocks. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 05:05:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12670:2001 (E) 7 b) Any surface, even when conspicuously
43、bent or deformed by folding. 2.1.40 bioclastic rock: Sedimentary rock consisting of fragments and broken remains of organisms; e.g. limestone composed of shell fragments. 2.1.41 biotite: Black rock-forming mineral of the mica group, formula K(Mg,Fe 2+) 3(Al,Fe 3+) Si 3O10(OH)2. 2.1.42 blasto: Prefix
44、 used to describe the metamorphic rock fabrics denoting the presence of residual crystals or pre-existing fabric modified by metamorphism, but still recognized; e.g. blastogranular, blastomylonitic. 2.1.43 breccia: a) A coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock composed by angular rock fragments held
45、together by a mineral cement or in a fine grained matrix. b) Rock consisting of highly angular coarse fragments, of whatever origin, for example, volcanic breccia (explosive origin), fault breccia (tectonic crushing origin), intraclastic breccia (sedimentary origin). 2.1.44 Buntsandstein: The lower
46、part of Triassic Period. See 3.1. 2.1.45 calcarenite: Limestone consisting predominantly of recycled detrital calcite grains of sand size. 2.1.46 calcareous: Containing calcium carbonate. 2.1.47 calcilutite: Limestone consisting predominantly of detrital calcite grains or fragments of silt or clay s
47、ize. 2.1.48 calcirudite: Limestone consisting predominantly of detrital calcite grains or fragments larger than sand size. See rudite. 2.1.49 calcisiltite: Limestone consisting predominantly of detrital calcite grains or fragments of silt size. 2.1.50 calcite: Mineral, very common in some sedimentar
48、y and metamorphic rocks, formula CaCO3; trimorphous with aragonite and vaterite. 2.1.51 calcitic dolomite: Carbonate rock which 50 % to 89 % of the mineral dolomite. (See also 3.2.2.2). 2.1.52 calcitic marble: a marble containing more than 90 % of calcite. 2.1.53 calc-silicate marble: Marble with ca
49、lcium and partially magnesium silicate minerals. See marble, ophicalcite, 3.2.3.2 2.1.54 calc-schist; carbonate mica-schist: Schist with carbonate minerals, in a lesser amount than a marble. See schist, 3.2.3. 2.1.55 Cambrian: The oldest system and period into which the Palaeozoic is divided. See 3.1. 2.1.56 carbonate : Mineral containing CO3 2-; calcite, dolomite, magnesite, and siderite are frequent rock-forming carbonate minerals. 2.1.57 carbonate rock: Rock consisting chiefly of carbonate minerals, especially a sedimentary rock; limestone, dolomite, and carbonatit
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