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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13147:2001 Copper and copper alloys Determination of residual stresses in the border area of slit strip The European Standard EN 13147:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 77.150.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy:
2、sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13147:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 J
3、une 2001 BSI 06-2001 ISBN 0 580 37088 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13147:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee NFE/34, Copper and copper alloys, to Subcommittee NFE/34/1, Wrought and unwrought co
4、pper and copper alloys, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in th
5、e BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are re
6、sponsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK int
7、erests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this doc
8、ument indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13147 April 2001 ICS 77.150.30
9、English version Copper and copper alloys - Determination of residual stresses in the border area of slit strip Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Dtermination des contraintes rsiduelles sur les rives des bandes cisailles Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Bestimmung von Restspannungen im Schnittkantenbereic
10、h von Bndern This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 March 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliogra
11、phical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN
12、 member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Po
13、rtugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CE
14、N national Members. Ref. No. EN 13147:2001 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 13147:2001 Contents Page Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、. . . . . . .4 1Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 2Terms and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 3Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 4Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 4.1Equipment for test piece preparation . . . .5 4.2Mea
16、suring equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Page 5Preparation of test pieces . . . . . . . . . . .6 6Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 6.1Fitting the test piece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 6.2Initial position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 6.3Measuring the
17、 angle of edge twist . . . . .8 6.4Measuring the longitudinal curvature . . .10 6.5Measuring the sideways curvature . . . .11 7Test report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Annex A (normative) Specifications for the preparation of test pieces . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Licensed Copy: shef
18、fieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 13147:2001 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 “Copper and copper alloys“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given
19、the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2001. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 requested CEN/TC 133/WG 2
20、“Rolled flat products“ to prepare the following standard: EN 13147, Copper and copper alloys Determination of residual stresses in the border area of slit strip. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
21、this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006,
22、Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 13147:2001 Introduction Rolled strips have residual stresses caused by the production processes. The direction, distribution and level of the stresses depend on the machinery, the sequence of the selected operations and on the material, the mechanical properties
23、and the dimensions of the strip. The effects of stresses adjacent to the slit edges have significant importance during later processing stages, e.g. stamping. The test method described below, is to measure these effects under special conditions. This standard is used only as a reference method for d
24、etermination of residual stresses and can be applied only if there is agreement between the purchaser and the supplier that the method is a suitable means for determining the influence that the stresses detected will have on subsequent processes. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for
25、 the determination of residual stresses in the areas adjacent to the slit edges of wrought copper and copper alloy strip, by measurement of the angle of twist, longitudinal curvature and sideways curvature of test pieces cut from strip. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the
26、following terms and definitions apply: 2.1 strip flat rolled product of rectangular cross-section and uniform thickness from 0,08 mm up to and including 0,80 mm, supplied level wound as coils, or traverse wound on cores or spools, with slit edges. The thickness does not exceed one tenth of the width
27、 2.2 sideways curvature displacement from the fixed gauge length H of the distorted test piece perpendicular to the rolling direction and in the plane of the strip 2.3 longitudinal curvature displacement from the fixed gauge length H of the distorted test piece perpendicular to the rolling direction
28、 and perpendicular to the plane of the strip 2.4 edge twist twist angle from the fixed gauge length H of the distorted test piece 3 Principle Test pieces are cut in the direction of rolling from the areas adjacent to the slit edges of a sample strip according to a set procedure. A test piece is clam
29、ped on the turntable of the measuring equipment described in 4.2, and the components of distortion, i.e. sideways curvature , longitudinal curvature and edge twist , caused by the residual stresses, are measured. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
30、olled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN 13147:2001 4 Apparatus 4.1 Equipment for test piece preparation Sawing, stamping, etching or wire eroding may be used for making the slits in the sampling unit, subject to agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Most experience has been gained using the sawing
31、 method and it should be used as a reference method in cases of dispute (see annex A). 4.2 Measuring equipment The measuring equipment (see Figure 1) consists of a light source emitting mainly parallel light, a turntable carrying the test piece holder with the means to ensure that the original strip
32、 edge is fitted on the axis of the turntable, a scale showing the angular rotation of the turntable and a screen with an integrated scale at fixed height H. The zero point of the scale on the screen is located at the intersection of the horizontal bottom line of the scale with the axis of the turnta
33、ble. The distance X of the light source from the test piece holder shall be significantly greater than the distance Y of the test piece holder to the screen, so that a clear projection of the test piece can be seen on the screen. NOTE To show the angular rotation of the turntable it is advisable to
34、use a digital display for the scale, which is calibrated to permit direct reading in millimetres of the deflection of the test piece. Key 1 light source; 2 turntable with test piece holder; 3 stop for positioning the test piece; 4 test piece; 5 screen; 6 scale on the screen; 7 rotational axis of the
35、 turntable; 8 projection of the test piece; Hfixed gauge length (equivalent to the height of the monitor scale above the upper edge of the test piece holder); Xdistance between the light source and the test piece holder; Ydistance between the test piece holder and the screen. X shall be significantl
36、y greater than Y. Figure 1 Measuring equipment Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 6 EN 13147:2001 5 Preparation of test pieces The following method shall be considered as one of the acceptable methods of test piece preparat
37、ion. Other methods may be used subject to agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, e.g. etching. Test samples with length l greater than 200 mm but less than 300 mm shall be cut from the sheared strip to be tested, exactly perpendicular to the rolling direction, using guillotine shears. Two
38、 slits of width g 0,2 mm to 2,5 mm, shall be sawn, etched, stamped or wire eroded over a length s 150- 0 1 0 mm, parallel to the rolling direction, and at a distance 2 mm to 5 mm from each edge of the test sample. Two test pieces shall be cut to the bottom of the slits, at 45 from these longitudinal
39、 edges. The left-hand and the right-hand test pieces shall be marked accordingly. Deformation of test pieces shall be avoided. NOTE The preparation of the test pieces is shown diagrammatically in Figure 2. A typical sawing method for preparing test pieces is described in annex A. Licensed Copy: shef
40、fieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 7 EN 13147:2001 1 x1-( w 2 -z) 2 x2-( w 2 -z) Key tthickness of the strip; wwidth of the strip; gwidth of the saw-cut preferably 0,2 mm to 2,5 mm; llength of the sampling unit; slength of the saw-cut 150 1 0
41、 0 mm; zwidth of the test piece preferably 4,5 mm 0,2 mm; x1, x2distance between the construction line of the sampling unit in the longitudinal direction and the projection of the inner corner of the free end of the test piece onto the plane of the sampling unit; edge twist; longitudinal curvature;
42、1, 2sideways curvature. Figure 2 Preparation of test pieces and possible distortion in the sampling unit Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 8 EN 13147:2001 6 Procedure 6.1 Fitting the test piece The test piece shall be fitt
43、ed with the square end into the test piece holder (see Figure 1). 6.2 Initial position The turntable shall be positioned so that its angular rotation value is 0. This means the zero setting of the turntable would give the plane of the test piece parallel to the ray of light. 6.3 Measuring the angle
44、of edge twist For non-reflecting test pieces, the turntable shall be turned until the width of the projection of the test piece on the screen is as small as possible (see Figure 3). NOTE In the ideal case the projection width is equal to the test piece thickness. For reflecting test pieces, the refl
45、ection of the test piece surface visible on the screen shall be brought exactly into line with the projection of the test piece. Once these adjustments have been completed, the angle of edge twist shall be read directly from the scale showing the angular rotation of the turntable. Licensed Copy: she
46、ffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 9 EN 13147:2001 Key 2 turntable with the test piece holder; 3 stop for positioning the test piece; 4 test piece; 5 screen; 6 scale on the screen; 7 rotational axis of the turntable; 8 projection of the test
47、 piece; Hfixed gauge length; edge twist. Figure 3 Measuring the angle of edge twist Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 10 EN 13147:2001 6.4 Measuring the longitudinal curvature The test piece holder shall remain in the init
48、ial position (turntable angular rotation value 0). The longitudinal curvature is the distance of the projection of the test piece from the scale zero point (see Figure 4). Key 2 turntable with the test piece holder; 3 stop for positioning the test piece; 4 test piece; 5 screen; 6 scale on the screen
49、; 7 rotational axis of the turntable; 8 projection of the test piece; Hfixed gauge length; longitudinal curvature. Figure 4 Measuring the longitudinal curvature Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 05:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 11 EN 13147:2001 6.5 Measuring the sideways curvature The turntable is turned through 90 from the initial position. The sideways curvature is the distance from the projection of the test piece (8) to the zero point of the integrated scale (see Fi
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