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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13431:2000 The Euro
2、pean Standard EN 13431:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.030.50; 55.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Packaging Requirements for packaging recoverable in the form of energy recovery, including specification of minimum inferior calorific value L
3、icensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:05:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes int
4、o effect on 15 December 2000 BSI 12-2000 ISBN 0 580 36763 0 BS EN 13431:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13431:2000. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
5、Committee PKW/4, Packaging and the environment, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and Eur
6、opean developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Stan
7、dards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for
8、their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice di
9、splayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:05:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13431 September 2000 ICS 13.030.99; 55.020 English version Packaging -
10、 Requirements for packaging recoverable in the form of energy recovery, including specification of minimum inferior calorific value Emballage - Exigences relatives aux emballages valorisables nergtiquement, incluant la spcification dun pouvoir calorifique infrieur minimum Verpackung - Anforderungen
11、an energetisch verwertbare Verpackung, einschlielich Definition eines Mindestheizwertes This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 June 2000. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of
12、a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version
13、 in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
14、 Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2000 CENA
15、ll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13431:2000 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:05:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 13431:2000 Foreword This European Standard has been prepar
16、ed by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relations
17、hip with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex Z, which is an integral part of this standard. This standard forms one of a series of standards and reports prepared under Mandate M 200 rev.3 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to support the European Counc
18、il and Parliament Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste 94/62/EC. The procedure for applying this standard in conjunction with the other mandated standards and reports is specified in EN 13427. This standard contains Annex A, which is normative and Annexes B, C and Z, which are informative This
19、 European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the na
20、tional standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
21、 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:05:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 13431:2000 Contents Foreword2 Introduction.4 1Scope 5 2Normative references5 3Terms and definitions5 4Specification of Minimum Inferior Calorific Value6 5Requirements.6 6Provision of
22、 calorific gain.6 6.1Organic materials.6 6.2Inorganic materials6 Annex A (normative) Determination of calorific gain.7 Annex B (informative) Calorific gain 9 Annex C (informative) Background to the development of this Standard .11 Annex Z (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing es
23、sential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives13 Bibliography14 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:05:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 13431:2000 Introduction The Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (94/62/EC) defines requirements for p
24、ackaging to be considered recoverable. This standard amplifies these requirements with respect to energy recovery. The European Standard EN 13427:2000 provides a framework within which this and four other standards may be used together to support a claim that a packaging is in compliance with the es
25、sential requirements for packaging to be placed on the market as required by the Directive. This European Standard presents a framework for self-assessment to determine whether the requirements of this standard have been met. Its approach is similar to that of systems standards such as the EN ISO 90
26、00 and EN ISO 14000 series. The purpose of packaging is the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of products. Energy recovery of used packaging is one of several recovery options within the overall life cycle of packaging. In order to save resources and minimise waste, the wh
27、ole system in which the packaging takes part should be optimised. This includes prevention as well as reuse and recovery of packaging waste. Since packaging waste used for energy recovery substitutes other fuels, total system optimisation includes production of heat and/or power. This standard defin
28、es and specifies the thermodynamic requirements for packaging to allow the incineration with energy recovery of packaging waste. Both packaging and recovery technologies are subject to continuous improvement. Annex C sets out some of the more significant supporting regulations as well as conclusions
29、 reached during the preparation of the text. It is assumed that the heat generated during the incineration process shall be recovered as far as practicable, but it is outside the scope of this standard to take any standpoint on plant efficiency. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29
30、 09:05:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN 13431:2000 1 Scope The scope of this European Standard is to specify the requirements for a packaging to be energy recoverable and to identify the necessary procedures for a supplier placing packaging on the market to claim conformity wi
31、th these requirements. This European Standard specifies the requirements for a packaging to be classified as recoverable in the form of energy and sets out procedures for assessment of conformity with those requirements. The scope is limited to what is under control of the supplier. The procedure fo
32、r applying this standard is contained in EN 13427:2000. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter.
33、For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 13193 :2000, Packaging - Packaging and
34、 the Environment - Terminology. EN 13427 :2000, Packaging and the environment - Requirements for the use of European standards in the field of packaging and packaging waste). prEN ISO 1716 :1998 Solid mineral fuels - Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimetric method, and calcula
35、tion of net calorific value. CR 13695-1 :2000, Packaging Requirements for measuring and verifying heavy metals and other dangerous substances present in packaging and their release into the environment part 1 : Requirements for measuring and verifying the four heavy metals present in packaging and t
36、heir release into the environment ISO 1171:1997, Solid mineral fuels - Determination of ash content. ISO 1928 : 1995 ; Solid mineral fuels determination of gross calorificvalue by the bomb calorimetric method, and calculation of net calorific value 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this sta
37、ndard, relevant terms and definitions contained in EN 13193 :2000 together with the following terms and definitions apply : 3.1 net calorific value (inferior calorific value), Qnet defined in ISO 1928:1995 and measured at constant volume 3.2 required energy, Ha energy necessary to adiabatically heat
38、 the post combustion substances of a material and excess air from ambient temperature to a specified final temperature 3.3 calorific gain the positive difference between the energy released on combustion of a material and Ha 3.4 minimum inferior calorific value Qnet, min the fraction of the released
39、 energy sufficient to heat the post-combustion substances of a material or product from a specified ambient temperature to a specified adiabatic final temperature Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:05:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 6 EN 13431:2000 4 Specifi
40、cation of Minimum Inferior Calorific Value The minimum inferior calorific value, Qnet,min, is material specific. It depends on the temperature and other conditions required by the combustion process. In this standard it is identified as Ha and may be determined by the method described in Annex A. Th
41、is Annex specifies minimum inferior calorific value through the technical concept of calorific gain. 5 Requirements 5.1The application of this standard to any particular packaging shall be as specified in EN 13427 :2000. 5.2Packaging claimed to be suitable for recovery in the form of energy shall be
42、 combustible and capable of providing calorific gain. This shall be determined by the method specified in Annex A (normative). 5.3 Where quoted, the net calorific value of packaging claimed to be suitable for energy recovery shall be determined by the method specified in prEN ISO 1716 : 1998 and mea
43、sured at constant volume. 5.4The ash content, where required for the calculation of Ha, shall be determined by the method specified in ISO 1171:1997. 5.5The sum of mercury, cadmium, lead and hexavalent chromium in packaging shall be determined by calculation, based on the documentary evidence of com
44、position obtained from the suppliers of the raw materials, or experimentally determined as specified in CR 13695.1:2000. 5.6Claims of conformity with this standard shall be supported by the following records as a minimum : ? composition by main materials with particular reference to whether it may b
45、e considered organic or inorganic (see clause 6) ; ? the calorific gain, when appropriate (see 6.2). 6 Provision of calorific gain 6.1 Organic materials Packaging composed of more than 50 % (by weight) of organic materials, e.g. wood, cardboard, paper and other organic fibres, starch, plastics, prov
46、ides calorific gain and shall be considered recoverable in the form of energy. 6.2 Inorganic materials 6.2.1Packaging composed of more than 50 % (by weight) of inorganic material, e.g. ceramic, glass, clay, metals, may be declared recoverable in the form of energy when supported by calculation of th
47、e calorific gain as specified in Annex A. 6.2.2Where relevant data is not available, net calorific value and ash content may be experimentally determined, see 5.3 and 5.4. 6.2.3Ha may be calculated from the declaration of chemical composition obtained from the material supplier. 6.2.4Thin gauge alum
48、inium foil (typically up to 50 ?m thick) shall be considered recoverable in the form of energy. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:05:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 7 EN 13431:2000 Annex A (normative) Determination of calorific gain The determination of cal
49、orific gain is based on standard procedures for calculating the adiabatic final temperature in combustion chemistry and thermodynamics. The net heat of combustion (net calorific value), Qnet, of a material is the amount of heat released when it burns and when all water remains in the gas phase. In order to be recoverable in the form of energy, packaging shall give a calorific gain in the energy recovery process. For the purpose of this standard, this is assumed to be fulfilled when Qnet exceeds the amount of required energy, Ha, to adiabatically raise t
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