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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13391:2004 Mechanical tests for post-tensioning systems The European Standard EN 13391:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.080.40 ? BS EN 13391:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 19 Octobe
2、r 2004 BSI 19 October 2004 ISBN 0 580 44624 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13391:2004. It supersedes BS 4447:1973 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engin
3、eering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/2, Structural use of concrete, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Additional information Attention is drawn also to ETAG 013 (June 2002), Guideline for Europea
4、n Technical Approval of post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures (these are commonly called Post-Tensioning Systems), available from EOTA, Kunstlaan 40 Avenue des Arts, B-1040 Brussels (see http:/www.eota.be). Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or Europea
5、n publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all
6、the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on
7、the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 21 and a back cover. Th
8、e BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13391 March 2004 ICS 91.080.40 English version Mechanical tests for post-tensioning systems Es
9、sais mcaniques concernant les procds de prcontrainte par post-tension Mechanische Prfungen fr Spannverfahren it nachtrglichem Verbund This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 November 2003. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the condition
10、s for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offi
11、cial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria,
12、Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIO
13、N COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13391:2004: E EN 13391:2004 (E) 2 ContentsPage Foreword. 3 1
14、Scope . 4 2Normative references . 4 3Terms, definitions and symbols 4 3.1Definitions 4 4Tests and requirements for post-tensioning anchorages 6 4.1General. 6 4.1.1Purpose 6 4.1.2Specification of system 6 4.1.3Laboratory, testing facility. 6 4.1.4Materials and components for the tests. 6 4.1.5Types o
15、f test 6 4.2Testing of systems with mechanical anchorages. 7 4.2.1Static load test with tendon-anchorage assembly 7 4.2.2Fatigue test with tendon-anchorage assembly 9 4.2.3Load transfer test 10 4.3Testing of systems with bond anchorage 11 4.3.1Static load test with bond anchorage. 11 4.3.2Fatigue lo
16、ad test with bond anchorage 12 5Supplementary tests. 12 5.1General. 12 5.2Multiple stressing test 13 5.3Friction test 13 5.4Groutability test. 13 5.5Deviation test for anchorages . 13 5.6Deviation test for unbonded external tendons 13 6Test report . 13 Annex A (informative) Figures 14 Bibliography.
17、21 EN 13391:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13391:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by
18、 endorsement, at the latest by August 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2004. This European Standard was prepared by Working Group 1 of CEN/TC 250/SC 2 “Design of concrete structures“. The standard supplements ENV 1992-1-1, ENV 1992-2 and the “Europe
19、an Technical Approval Guideline of post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures (these are commonly called Post-Tensioning Systems)“, ETAG 013. Annex A is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound
20、to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
21、Kingdom. EN 13391:2004 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the test procedures for the anchorages and couplings of post-tensioning systems. This standard is to be used in conjunction with the relevant European Standards ENV 1992-1-1 and ENV 1992-2 and others for pertaining to prestressed
22、concrete structures. The test results should be used for the acquisition of the Technical Approval of the specified post-tensioning system. For unbonded tendons additional tests and requirements are needed and these are not covered in the present scope of this standard. 2 Normative references Not ap
23、plicable. 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms, definitions and symbols apply. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 Anchorage mechanical device, usually consisting of several components designed to reliably and safely retain the force in the stressed tend
24、on and to transmit it to the concrete. Anchorages can be either of the two types specified below: Stressing anchorage: an anchorage located at the end of a tendon which can be used for stressing. It is exposed until grouting has been carried out and the anchorage sealed. Fixed anchorage: an anchorag
25、e which is not used for tendon stressing. 3.1.2 Anchorage zone local zone in the structure through which the prestressing force is transferred to the structure via the anchorage 3.1.3 Bursting reinforcement reinforcement in the anchorage zone to resist transverse tensile forces due to the introducti
26、on of prestressing force into the structure 3.1.4 Coupling device to join tendons 3.1.5 Duct (sheathing) enclosure in which the prestressing steel is placed and which temporarily or permanently allows relative movement between the prestressing steel and surrounding concrete. The remaining void withi
27、n the duct can EN 13391:2004 (E) 5 be subsequently filled with cementitious grout or other suitable material to protect the prestressing steel against corrosion 3.1.6 Prestressing controlled generation of permanent forces and deformations in a structural concrete member to counteract the stresses ar
28、ising from dead and live loads and/or due to shrinkage etc. 3.1.7 Post-tensioning system arrangement of tendon and anchorages to carry out post-tensioning 3.1.8 Tendon one or a number of prestressing steel elements e.g. wire, strand, bar, etc. Tendons can be either: Bonded: following stressing the t
29、endon is grouted, thereby creating bond between the prestressing steel, grout, duct and concrete; or Unbonded: bond between tendon and concrete is prevented with the tensile force of the stressed tendon being permanently transferred to the concrete by the anchorages and deviators only 3.1.9 Tendon-a
30、nchorage assembly connection between tendon and anchorage Symbols Apkcharacteristic cross-sectional area of the tendon Apmactual mean cross-sectional area of the tendon Fpkcharacteristic ultimate resisting force of prestressing steel of tendon; Fpk = Apk fpk Fpmcalculated ultimate resisting force of
31、 prestressing steel of tendon; Fpm = Apm fpm FTumeasured ultimate force of tendon-anchorage assembly Fumeasured ultimate force in load transfer test max F upper force in the dynamic load test with tendon-anchorage assembly min Flower force in the dynamic load test with tendon-anchorage assembly Ffor
32、ce range in the dynamic load test; F = max F min F fckcharacteristic compressive strength of concrete at 28 days fck,ominimum characteristic compressive strength of concrete at which full prestressing is planned on site fcm,emean compressive strength of concrete of specimen at final test to failure
33、in the load transfer test fcm,omean compressive strength of concrete at which full prestressing is planned on site fpkcharacteristic tensile strength of prestressing steel EN 13391:2004 (E) 6 fpmactual mean tensile strength of prestressing steel used for test (mean of the result of minimum three tes
34、ts) ttime wcrack width measured in the load transfer test Tuelongation of prestressing steel on free length of tendon at ultimate force FTu 4 Tests and requirements for post-tensioning anchorages 4.1 General 4.1.1 Purpose It is the purpose of the test procedures to standardize the required mechanica
35、l tests for post-tensioning systems. The stipulated requirements pertain to the described tests. Figures are given in annex A. 4.1.2 Specification of system Prior to testing, the principal details of the prestressing system shall be made known as far as they relate to the tests, e.g. by the technica
36、l report or specification of system. 4.1.3 Laboratory, testing facility Generally, the tests shall be performed by an independent and notified laboratory. However, facilities provided by the applicant may be used, if the tests are executed under the surveillance and responsibility of such a laborato
37、ry. 4.1.4 Materials and components for the tests All tests should be performed with the type and grade of prestressing steel and with the anchorage components as intended for application. If the anchorage to be used requires mechanical treatment of the prestressing steel, the effects of such treatme
38、nt should be considered and justified. The geometrical and mechanical properties of anchorage components as well as the tolerance range of dimensions shall be made known. For the load transfer test the grade of concrete for the application of the post-tensioning system shall be as defined in the spe
39、cifications. The grade of concrete is specified by its characteristic compressive concrete strength at 28 days, fck, this being determined in accordance with relevant standards. The minimum concrete compressive strength at which full prestress can be applied on site shall be specified. It can be def
40、ined either as the mean compressive strength fcm,o or as the minimum characteristic compressive strength, fck,o of the concrete of the anchorage zone. These values are assumed to be related to each other by: fck,o = fcm,o 8 MPa. (The properties of the concrete for the specimens are given in 4.2.3.2
41、and 4.2.3.3) 4.1.5 Types of test The tests are performed according to the method of anchoring the prestressing steel. A distinction is made between: EN 13391:2004 (E) 7 Anchorages formed by mechanical means: the prestressing steel is fixed to an anchorage element by means of mechanical devices such
42、as wedges, button heads, threads, etc. Anchoring may also be achieved by forming the prestressing steel in a loop around a steel element, etc. Bond anchorages: the prestressing steel is anchored in the concrete before the stressing force is applied to the tendon. The anchoring may either be achieved
43、 by bond alone or partially by a mechanical device and partially by bond. The tests pertain to tendon-anchorage assemblies and anchorage zones of bonded and unbonded, interior or exterior tendons. Couplings, which connect two tendons to form a continuous tendon, shall be tested in the same way as an
44、chorages with mechanical means. In carrying out a test items may also be combined, for instance: mechanical anchorage coupling mechanical anchorage. mechanical anchorage anchorage by bond. Three types of tests are to be performed: static load test, fatigue test and load transfer test. 4.2 Testing of
45、 systems with mechanical anchorages 4.2.1 Static load test with tendon-anchorage assembly 4.2.1.1 General The aim of the test is to assess the performance of the tendon-anchorage assembly and to determine any decrease of the breaking load of the prestressing steel due to the influence of the anchora
46、ge. The test also pertains to couplers. 4.2.1.2 Test specimen The tendon to be tested shall be assembled according to the envisaged application, using all components necessary for anchoring the tendon. Components for testing shall be randomly selected. The geometrical configuration of the individual
47、 tensile elements in the specimen shall be identical to that of the specified tendon assembly given in the European Technical Approval (ETA). The following data of the tensile elements shall be established : main mechanical and geometrical properties of the tensile elements, including the actual ult
48、imate strength; calculated actual ultimate force Fpm; mean total cross-section of tensile elements Apm; surface characteristics of tensile elements. Relevant geometrical and mechanical properties of anchorage components shall also be determined. The free length of the tensile elements in the tendon
49、specimen to be tested shall not be less than 3,0 m, except for bar tendons with a minimum length of 1,0 m. If more than one grade of tensile elements of the same type is to be used with the same type of anchorage, the tests shall be performed using the grade with the highest characteristic tensile strength, and/or load capacity. EN 13391:2004 (E) 8 4.2.1.3 Test procedure The tendon specimen is mounted in the test rig or testing machine, observing the same g
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