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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13471:2001 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installations Determination of the coefficient of thermal expansion The European Standard EN 13471:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.120.10; 91.100.60 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION
2、EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:06:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13471:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published unde
3、r the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 09 November 2001 BSI 09 November 2001 ISBN 0 580 38622 8 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13471:2001. This British Standard, together with BS EN 13467:2001, BS EN 13468:2001, BS EN
4、 13469:2001, BS EN 13470:2001 and BS EN 13472:2001, partially supersedes BS 2972:1989. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee RHE/9, Thermal insulating materials, to Subcommittee RHE/9/4, Nomenclature and specifications, which has the responsibility to: A list o
5、f organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “Internation
6、al Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a Britis
7、h Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European devel
8、opments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments iss
9、ued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:06:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13471 September 2001 ICS 91.100.60 English version Thermal insulating products for building equi
10、pment and industrial installations - Determination of the coefficient of thermal expansion Produits isolants thermiques pour lquipement du btiment et les installations industrielles - Dtermination du coefficient de dilatation thermique Wrmedmmstoffe fr die Haustechnik und fr betriebstechnische Anlag
11、en - Bestimmung des Wrmeausdehnungskoeffizienten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 August 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alte
12、ration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by transla
13、tion under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
14、y, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and
15、by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13471:2001 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:06:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13471:2001 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword . 3 1 Scope. 4 2 Normative references. 4 3 Terms and definitions 4
16、4 Principle. 5 5 Apparatus 5 6 Test specimens. 7 7 Procedure 8 8 Calculation and expression of results 9 9 Accuracy of measurement. 9 10 Test report. 9 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:06:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13471:2001 (E) 3 Foreword This Europea
17、n Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 88 “Thermal insulating materials and products“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
18、March 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2002. This European Standard is one of a series of standards which specify test methods for determining dimensions and properties of thermal insulating materials and products. It supports a series of product sta
19、ndards for thermal insulating materials and products which derive from the Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction products (Directive 89/106/EEC) through the consideration of the esse
20、ntial requirements. This European Standard has been prepared for products used to insulate building equipment and industrial installations, but it may also be applied to products used in other areas. No existing European Standard is superseded. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the
21、national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdo
22、m. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:06:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13471:2001 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion. The standard is applicable to thermal i
23、nsulating products within the temperature range - 196 ?C to 850 ?C, subject to the possible temperature limitation of the test specimens. It shall not be used for products which during the test experience dimensional changes due to the loss of hydration water or which undergo other phase changes. NO
24、TE Because of its small dimensions the test specimen should be carefully selected to be representative of the product being tested. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publica-tions. These normative references are cited at
25、the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of
26、the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 12085, Thermal insulating products for building applications Determination of linear dimensions of test specimens. 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 linear t
27、hermal expansion reversible changes in the length of a product resulting from a change in temperature 3.2 mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion ? ?m between different temperatures reversible change in length divided by the length at the reference temperature and the temperature difference bet
28、ween the test temperatures 3.3 coefficient of thermal expansion ? ?t at the temperature T limit value of ?m as the higher temperature approaches the lower temperature (see Figure 1) NOTE The definition of ?m and ?t assumes that the function giving the length variation in relation to the temperature
29、variation is continuous. This excludes the use of the mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion ?m when the test specimen experiences physical change due to change of phase, eg. recrystallisation or loss of water of hydration. The curve giving the length variation as a function of the temperature
30、 variation can be reported but the mean coefficient of thermal expansion should not be calculated for parts of the curve which are not continuous. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:06:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13471:2001 (E) 5 Key aTemperature 1 - The m
31、ean coefficient of thermal expansion between T1 and T2 is illustrated by the gradient of the dotted line between the points A and B 2 The coefficient of thermal expansion at T is illustrated by the gradient of the tangent at point C Figure 1 - The relative length variation as a function of temperatu
32、re 4 Principle The changes of a products linear dimensions, as its temperature is changed, are measured and characterised. It shall be done in a continuous way when the full curve over a temperature range is needed or only at two specified temperatures if only a mean coefficient of linear thermal ex
33、pansion between these temperatures is needed. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Dilatometer Any dilatometer with appropriate dimensions and suitable for the temperature range (see Figure 2). NOTE The usual dilatometers are of the tube or rod type, fabricated of high purity vitreous silica. Modern dilatometers incorpo
34、rate the essential features described below. 5.2 Micrometer caliper A caliper with micrometer indication permitting direct reading of the test specimen lengths at different temperatures. The accuracy of these measurements shall be such that consecutive measurements at the Licensed Copy: sheffieldun
35、sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:06:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13471:2001 (E) 6 same temperature are determined to 2 ? 10-4 ? l0 for the length and to 2 ? 10-5 ? l0 for the length variations. 5.3 Electrical furnace For high temperatures, an electrical furnace, capable of maintain
36、ing the mean temperature of the test specimen to within 2 K of the desired test temperature and the maximum and minimum temperature of the test specimen to within 2 K. The electrical furnace shall be capable of limiting the rate of temperature change to 1 ?C/min during the change from one test tempe
37、rature to another. 5.4 Test chamber For low and cryogenic temperatures, a test chamber, capable of maintaining the mean temperature of the test specimen to within 1 K of the desired test temperature and the maximum and minimum tempera- ture of the test specimen to within 1 K. The test chamber shall
38、be capable of limiting the rate of temperature change to 1 ?C/min during the change from one test temperature to another. 5.5 Temperature - measuring instruments Calibrated thermocouples suitable for the temperature needed for the test with an accuracy of 0,5 K from -196 ?C to + 200 ?C, 1 K from 200
39、 ?C to 500 ?C and 2 K from 500 ?C to 850 ?C. The thermocouples are connected to a continous recording device. If only the mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion ?m between two temperatures is needed, the measurements shall only be carried out at these temperatures. NOTE Devices which are norma
40、lly used for the simultaneous recording of the length variation and the temperature, provide a curve of l ? 0 as a function of T2 - T1. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:06:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13471:2001 (E) 7 5.6 Equipment to prepare the test spe
41、cimen Suitable saw or thin walled steel tube to prepare the test specimen. Key 1 Micrometer screw 2 Thermostat 3 Push-rod 4 Protective tube 5 Furnace 6 Test specimen 7 Linear variable differential transducer 8 Test specimen carrier 9 Thermocouple Figure 2 - Typical example of a dilatometer 6 Test sp
42、ecimens 6.1 Dimensions of test specimens The dimensions shall be appropriate for the dimensions of the dilatometer and suitable for the test material. Dimensions of the test specimens shall be as specified in the relevant product standard. NOTE 1 In the absence of a product standard the dimensions o
43、f test specimens may be agreed between parties. NOTE 2 Typical test specimens have a length of (50 1) mm with square cross section of (10 1) mm or a diameter of (10 1) mm. Smaller or larger dimensions are acceptable, but the user of the standard should be aware that too short test specimens give a l
44、oss of sensitivity while too long test specimens may be subjected to axial temperature differences or physical deformation such as creep or elastic strain rates. The tolerance on parallelism and flatness between the two faces of the test specimen used for the length Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffi
45、eldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:06:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13471:2001 (E) 8 determination shall not be more than 1 % of their linear dimension. 6.2 Preparation of test specimens Any skins, facings and/or coatings shall be removed. Test specimens shall be sawn or cut with a thin wal
46、led steel tube from the product in the direction in which the measurement of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion shall be made and in which the linear dimensions are to be recorded. Special requirements for preparation such as annealing or drying under specified conditions shall be indicated
47、 where relevant in the product standard. For anisotropic products the measurements shall be carried out both in the direction of the length and of the width. 6.3 Number of test specimens The number of test specimens shall be as specified in the relevant product standard. If the number is not specifi
48、ed, then at least two test specimens shall be used. NOTE In the absence of a product standard or any other European technincal specification the number of test specimen may be agreed between parties. 6.4 Conditioning of test specimens The test specimens shall be stored for at least 6 h at (23 5) ?C.
49、 In case of dispute they shall be stored at (23 2) ?C and (50 5) % relative humidity for the time specified in the relevant product standard. 7 Procedure 7.1 Test conditions The test shall be started at (23 2) ?C, due to the importance of accurate temperatures for this test method. 7.2 Test procedure Clean the test specimen and install it in the dilatometer making sure that the end surfaces as well as the contact surfaces of the dilatometer are free of foreign particles. Measure its length at (23 2) ?C which shall be c
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