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1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS EN 2374:1991 Specification for Glass fibre reinforcing mouldings and sandwich composites Production of test panels This European Standard EN 2374:1991 has the status of a British Standard Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:13:35 GMT+00:00 2
2、006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 2374:1991 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 28 June 1991 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/64 Draft for comment 89/79895 DC
3、ISBN 0 580 19783 2 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization, under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following Western European countries. AustriaOesterreichisches Normungsinstitut BelgiumInstitut
4、belge de normalisation DenmarkDansk Standardiseringsraad FinlandSuomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. FranceAssociation franaise de normalisation GermanyDeutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. GreeceHellenic Organization for Standardization IcelandTechnological Institute of Iceland IrelandNational Standards
5、Authority of Ireland ItalyEnte Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione LuxemburgInspection du Travail et des Mines NetherlandsNederlands Normalisatie-instituut NorwayNorges Standardiseringsforbund PortugalInstituto Portugus da Qualidade SpainAsociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certificacin SwedenStandard
6、iseringskommissionen i Sverige SwitzerlandAssociation suisse de normalisation United KingdomBritish Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 2374:199
7、1 BSI 12-1999i Contents Page Cooperating organizationsInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 23743 National appendix NA (informative)Inside back cover National appendix NB (informative)Inside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:13:35 GMT+00:00 20
8、06, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 2374:1991 ii BSI 12-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Aerospace Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN 2374 “Aerospace series Glass fibre reinforcing mouldings and sandwich comp
9、osites Production of test panels” published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 2374 was produced as a result of international discussion in which the UK took an active part. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of Briti
10、sh Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back co
11、ver and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EURO
12、PEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 2374 April 1991 UDC: 678.067.5-41:620.1:629.7 Descriptors: Aircraft industry, composite materials, reinforcing materials, laminates, laminated plates, glass cloth, manufacturing, characteristics, verification English version Aerospace series Glass fib
13、re reinforced mouldings and sandwich composites Production of test panels Srie arospatiale Matriaux stratifis renforcs de fibres de verre et matriaux composites sandwich Prparation des panneaux dessais Luft- und Raumfahrt Glasfaserverstarkte Formstoffe und Kernverbunde Herstellen von Prfplatten This
14、 European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 March 1991. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical reference
15、s concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into i
16、ts own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switze
17、rland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels CEN 1991 Copyright reserved to all CEN members Ref. No. EN 2374:1991 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, n
18、a, Fri Nov 03 01:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 2374:1991 BSI 12-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers (AECMA). After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this
19、Standard has successively received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of AECMA, prior to its presentation to CEN. According to the Common CEN/CENELEC Rules, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgiu
20、m, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 1Scope and field of application3 2References3 3Type of fabrication3 4Equipment and apparatus3 5Tooling3 6Fabrication
21、 of laminate test panels5 7Fabrication of sandwich composite test panels9 8Fabrication of test panels for establishing the adhesive properties10 9Sampling10 10Test report11 Figure 1 Press mould type 14 Figure 2 Press mould type 24 Figure 3 Relationship between the glass content bv (volume-%) and the
22、 glass content b (mass-%)6 Figure 4 Removal of the air bubbles and excess resin mix7 Figure 5 Assembly for autoclave fabrication9 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 2374:1991 BSI 12-19993 1 Scope and field of application This
23、 standard describes the production of laminate and sandwich composite test panels from glass fibre fabric and resin mixes. Test specimens, which are specified for the determination of the characteristics of the glass fibre reinforced mouldings, for the verification of the properties of their compone
24、nts or for the verification of the adhesive and sandwich composite properties, are taken from the test panel in accordance with the relevant test standard. This standard is not applicable to the production of test panels from unidirectional glass fibre fabric and resin mixes. 2 References EN 2090, A
25、erospace series Aluminium alloy 2024-T3 Clad sheets and strips 0,4 u a u 6 mm1). EN 2334, Aerospace series Pickling of aluminium alloys in chromic acid2). EN 2514, Aerospace series Aluminium alloy 5052-H191 Honeycomb core2). EN 2743, Aerospace series Glass reinforced plastics Standard atmospheres fo
26、r conditioning and testing2). 3 Type of fabrication 3.1 Type A Glass fibre fabric is impregnated with liquid resin mix and made into test panels in a press mould under the influence of pressure and temperature in accordance with the resin manufacturers processing instructions. 3.2 Type B Preimpregna
27、ted glass fibre fabric (prepreg) is made into test panels under the influence of pressure and temperature in accordance with the manufacturers processing instructions. 3.3 Type C Glass fibre fabric is impregnated with liquid resin mix and made into test panels at room or elevated temperature without
28、 application of pressure in accordance with the resin manufacturers processing instructions. 4 Equipment and apparatus For types A and B, a hydraulic or mechanical press, an autoclave or equipment for vacuum bag fabrication is required. The equipment shall be fitted with a continuously variable temp
29、erature and pressure control, which allows the prescribed values to be kept constant over the entire cure time. Provided there are no other agreements with the material supplier, the equipment shall be suitable for maintaining the temperature with an accuracy of 5 C and the press pressure with an ac
30、curacy of 5 %. When a press is used, it shall be ensured that the press mould described in clause 5 can be accommodated and that the closure rate for the last two millimetres of the closure travel does not exceed 5 mm/min. The equipment shall be fitted with suitable measuring devices for monitoring
31、the fabrication parameters temperature, time and pressure. In autoclave or vacuum bag fabrication, a vacuum indicator shall also be available. In vacuum bag fabrication, it shall be ensured that the vacuum pump can maintain a reduced pressure of at least 70 kPa in the bag during the entire cure time
32、. Provided there are no different agreements with the material supplier, the production of the test panels is to be carried out in a light, well ventilated room at 15 C to 30 C and a relative humidity of 30 % to 75 %. 5 Tooling 5.1 Press moulds Press moulds according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 are use
33、d for the production of test panels in a press. The choice of the press mould is to be made according to the material to be processed and the purpose of the test. The press moulds shall satisfy the following requirements: a) length and breadth of the pressing areas of the press mould shall be large
34、enough to allow the manufacture of test panels from 150 mm 150 mm to 400 mm 400 mm. b) the moulding surfaces (surfaces designed for shaping the test panels) of the press mould should be hardened, polished and, if possible, hard chromium plated. 1) Published as AECMA standard at the date of publicati
35、on of the present standard. 2) In preparation at the date of publication of the present standard. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 2374:1991 4 BSI 12-1999 c) the lower moulding surface shall have a mark, which is reproduced
36、 on the test panel on pressing, in order to make the lower side of the test panel identifiable after the pressing procedure. The mark on the test panel shall not have a deleterious effect on the subsequent tests (see first note page 4). d) the temperature over the entire moulding surface of the pres
37、s mould shall not deviate locally by more than 3 C from the specified value e.g. measured by means of a thermocouple. e) the press mould type 1 consists of the elements shown in Figure 1. The height of the frame shall be large enough to provide a moulding cavity in which the glass fibre fabric impre
38、gnated with the resin mix can be inserted in one operation. f) the mould type 2 consists of the elements shown in Figure 2. The plates shall be plane and parallel and are guided only at the four corners (open press mould). By placing spacers in the region of the guides, it is possible to mould to st
39、ops if required, i.e. a specific thickness of the test panel can be set. NOTEThe properties of the upper and lower faces of a pressed test panel are not exactly the same. As a result of the time span, which is necessary for putting the laminate in place and the closure process, the lower face of the
40、 test panel is heated longer and possibly also subjected to a higher temperature than the upper face. In the standards concerned, therefore, it is to be stipulated, if necessary, for which surface of the test panels the results shall be valid. Figure 1 Press mould type 1 Figure 2 Press mould type 2
41、Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:13:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 2374:1991 BSI 12-19995 5.2 Tools for autoclave and vacuum bag fabrication For the fabrication of the laminate test panels, a pressure-tight base plate for the assembly, cover plate and vario
42、us ancillaries, such as release films, sealing tape etc., are needed. For the fabrication of sandwich composite test panels, a rigid frame is also required, which shall be adjusted so that it takes up the forces acting laterally on the sandwich composite structure in this fabrication process. 5.3 To
43、ols for hand lay-up of laminate For the production of test panels in accordance with method C, a plane fixed support, approx. 500 mm 500 mm in size and a cover (e.g. of glass) of the same size, are required, as well as spacers which can be inserted between the support and cover plate. NOTEAir bubble
44、s can be detected easily if the support is either dark coloured or translucent and illuminated from below. 6 Fabrication of laminate test panels 6.1 Preparation 6.1.1 Pretreatment Unless otherwise specified, a pretreatment of the semifinished products shall be carried out for at least 2 h in the sta
45、ndard atmosphere in accordance with EN 2743. 6.1.1.1 Glass fibre fabric A sufficient number of plies of glass fibre fabric for the fabrication of the test panel, see clause 6.1.2, is cut to size and dried in air for 1 h at 80 C. Then the plies are immediately stacked flat upon one another in a desic
46、cator, where they shall be allowed to cool to room temperature. The drying can be omitted if the glass fibre fabric plies are kept in the standard atmosphere in accordance with EN 2743, for at least 48 h before processing. 6.1.1.2 Preimpregnated glass fibre fabric Preimpregnated glass fibre fabric p
47、roducts, which have to be stored at temperature lower than room temperature, shall be air-tight packed then be brought to room temperature in a polyethylene bag so that no moisture pick-up can take place. The time required for the equilibration of temperature depends on the amount, but it shall not
48、be less than 4 h. The time required is to be stated in the report. 6.1.2 Number of plies of glass fibre fabric for types A and C The number of plies of glass fibre fabric needed for a specific laminate thickness and a specific glass content can be calculated according to the following formula: in wh
49、ich: The number of plies of glass fibre fabric determined by this formula is to be rounded up or down in such a way that the test panel complies with the glass content in accordance with subclause 6.1.5 and also the thickness requirement specified in the test standard. 6.1.3 Resin mixes 6.1.3.1 The resin mixes shall be produced and processed in accordance with the resin manufacturers processing instructions. 6.1.3.2 The amount mRM of the resin mix theoretically required is calculated acco
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