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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13921:2007 Personal protective equipment Ergonomic principles The European Standard EN 13921:2007 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.180; 13.340.01 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 05 02:20:22 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontr
2、olled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13921:2007 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 September 2007 BSI 2007 ISBN 978 0 580 53156 9 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13921:2007. The UK participation in
3、its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/7, Ergonomics and personal protective equipment. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the
4、 necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank Universit
5、y, Fri Oct 05 02:20:22 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13921 May 2007 ICS 13.180; 13.340.01 English Version Personal protective equipment - Ergonomic principles Equipements de protection individuelle - Principes ergonomiques Persnliche
6、Schutzausrstung - Ergonomische Grundstze This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 March 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. U
7、p-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
8、under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gree
9、ce, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Manageme
10、nt Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13921:2007: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 05 02:20:22 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontr
11、olled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13921:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction.5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Factors to be considered on general specification of ergonomic requirements8 4.1 General8 4.2 Integration of performance and ergonomic requirements8 4.3 Facto
12、rs to be considered in the determination of the best ergonomic solution 9 4.3.1 General9 4.3.2 Factors to be considered in specifying the optimum level of protection to be provided9 4.3.3 Factors to be considered in specifying the optimal practicability.9 4.3.4 Factors for measuring the physiologica
13、l impact of PPE.10 4.4 Factors to be considered in specifying requirements for the adjustability of PPE and its appropriate fixation to the body.10 4.5 Factors to be considered in specifying requirements to ensure that PPE does not irritate or cause discomfort 10 4.6 Factors to be considered in spec
14、ifying requirements to take into account the anthropometric factors of PPE.11 4.7 Factors to be considered in specifying requirements to take into account the biomechanical characteristics of PPE.12 4.7.1 General12 4.7.2 Mass distribution.12 4.7.3 Restriction and prevention of movements12 4.7.4 Abra
15、sion or compression of the skin and underlying structures 12 4.7.5 Exacerbation of vibration13 4.8 Factors to be considered in specifying requirements to take into account the thermal characteristics of PPE.13 4.8.1 General13 4.8.2 Thermal characteristics of materials and complete PPE 13 4.9 Factors
16、 to be considered in specifying requirements to take into account the sensory effects of PPE.14 4.9.1 General14 4.9.2 Vision 14 4.9.3 Hearing14 4.9.4 Taste or smell.14 4.9.5 Touch or other skin contact .15 5 Verification procedure for compliance with ergonomic characteristics15 5.1 General approach
17、15 5.2 Selecting an appropriate type of test.16 5.3 Assessment of the anthropometric characteristics of PPE and their impact on the wearer 16 5.4 Assessment of the biomechanical characteristics of PPE and their impact on the wearer17 5.4.1 General17 5.4.2 Mass17 5.4.3 Restriction of movement.18 5.4.
18、4 Compression18 5.4.5 Vibration .18 5.5 Assessment of the thermal characteristics of PPE and their impact on the wearer18 5.5.1 General18 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 05 02:20:22 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13921:2007 (E) 3 5.5.
19、2 Possible test methods for thermal characteristics19 5.6 Assessment of the sensory characteristics of PPE and their impact on the wearer.19 5.6.1 General .19 5.6.2 Visual aspects of PPE.20 5.6.3 Auditory aspects of PPE.20 5.6.4 Smell or taste aspects of PPE21 5.6.5 Skin contact aspects of PPE21 Ann
20、ex A (informative) Ergonomic assessment of PPE using panels of test subjects22 A.1 Introduction22 A.2 Principle .22 A.3 Wearer trials.23 A.4 Duration of tests24 A.5 Test of thermal impact24 A.5.1 General .24 A.5.2 Task.24 A.5.3 Subjects25 A.5.4 Subject safety25 A.5.5 Measurements .25 Annex ZA (infor
21、mative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/68627 Bibliography28 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 05 02:20:22 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13921:2007 (E) 4 Foreword This docum
22、ent (EN 13921:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and co
23、nflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2007. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(
24、s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Est
25、onia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University
26、, Fri Oct 05 02:20:22 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13921:2007 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard provides guidance for the writers of personal protective equipment (PPE) product standards on the specification of ergonomic requirements. Ergonomics involves the application of s
27、cientific methods and appropriate data to the design and specification of machines, equipment, environments and systems that people use. The successful use of ergonomics in designing PPE will enhance the acceptability of the PPE and through this improve the safety, health, performance and effectiven
28、ess of the user. PPE is used in situations where a risk to health or safety has been identified. The preferred solution is to reduce the risk to zero and thereby to remove the need for PPE. If this is not possible, the threat should be reduced so that practical PPE can minimise the risk to people ex
29、posed to that hazard. In some working conditions some PPE may be more comfortable than none and not to be considered as an additional weight (shoes etc.). Side effects of using PPE can range from discomfort to severe constraint and physical load. The application of ergonomic principles to PPE allows
30、 optimisation of the balance between protection and usability. Some aspects of the design and specification of PPE require specialist knowledge of the particular job the PPE is used for; the particular hazard against which the PPE is to be effective or particular ergonomics issues. Although this Eur
31、opean Standard covers many aspects, the writers of product standards should be aware that it cannot be expected to identify all the possible future problem points for which ergonomic requirements and test methods will be required in product standards. It will remain the responsibility of the relevan
32、t experts, to identify and quantify the hazards in the work and to foresee the potential ergonomic problems, and thus to ensure that the PPE specified and manufactured is fit for the purposes intended in all respects. For practical reasons, this European Standard presents ergonomics factors separate
33、ly. However, it should be recognised that the overall acceptability of an item of PPE will be determined by a combination of these and other factors by the individual user. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 05 02:20:22 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Cop
34、y, (c) BSI EN 13921:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard provides guidance on the generic ergonomic characteristics related to personal protective equipment (PPE). It specifies for the writers of PPE product standards, principles relating to: anthropometric characteristics related to PPE; the b
35、iomechanical interaction between PPE and the human body; the thermal interaction between PPE and the human body; the interaction between PPE and the human senses: vision; hearing; smell and taste; and skin contact. This European Standard does not cover requirements related to the specific hazard for
36、 which PPE is designed. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN
37、 ISO 12894, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Medical supervision of individuals exposed to extreme hot or cold environments (ISO 12894:2001) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 anthropometrics of PPE application of h
38、uman body measurements to the design of PPE including variation in dimensions within the user group 3.2 auditory aspects qualities which interfere with the users ability to hear 3.3 biomechanics of PPE application of principles and methods from physics and engineering to describe the effect undergon
39、e by the human body and various body segments and the forces acting on these body segments including physical loading which may be caused by PPE 3.4 body heat balance increase or decrease in the heat content of the body caused by an imbalance between heat production and heat loss, usually expressed
40、in terms of unit area of total body surfaces Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 05 02:20:22 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13921:2007 (E) 7 3.5 evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble Re, cl resistance of vapour transport of a unif
41、orm layer of insulation covering the entire body that has the same effect on evaporative heat loss as the actual clothing under standardized (static, wind-still) conditions NOTE The definition of Re, cl also includes the uncovered parts of the body, like head and hands. 3.6 general thermal comfort t
42、otal subjective satisfaction with the thermal environment, based on whole body sensation 3.7 hazard potential source of harm NOTE 1 The term “hazard“ can be qualified in order to define its origin (e.g. mechanical hazard, electrical hazard) or the nature of the potential harm (e.g. electric shock ha
43、zard, cutting hazard, toxic hazard, fire hazard). NOTE 2 The hazard envisaged in this definition: either is permanently present during the intended use of the machine (e.g. motion of hazardous moving elements, electric arc during a welding phase, unhealthy posture, noise emission, high temperature);
44、 or may appear unexpectedly (e.g. explosion, crushing hazard as a consequence of an unintended/unexpected start- up, ejection as a consequence of a breakage, fall as a consequence of acceleration/deceleration). EN ISO 12100-1:2003; 3.6 3.8 local thermal comfort subjective satisfaction with the therm
45、al environment, based on local body area sensations 3.9 masking effect process by which the threshold of hearing of one sound is raised due to the presence of another 3.10 PPE user group group of people exposed to a hazard which requires the use of PPE 3.11 risk combination of the probability of occ
46、urrence of harm and the severity of that harm EN ISO 12100-1:2003; 3.11 3.12 skin contact information from skin contact and touch, such as irritation, tickle, cold, hot, pressure and pain 3.13 smell odours or the modification of existing odours which may adversely affect any performance-related sens
47、ation or otherwise impair acceptability Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 05 02:20:22 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13921:2007 (E) 8 3.14 thermal insulation reciprocal of the rate at which heat is conducted between unit area of two par
48、allel surfaces in a medium when unit temperature difference is maintained between them 3.15 thermal sensation subjective perception of thermal state 3.16 thermal state relation between heat production and heat loss in the human body 3.17 thermal strain physiological responses of the human body to co
49、ld or heat exposure 3.18 vestibular orientation sensations of the orientation of the head, together with movement and accelerative forces 3.19 visual aspects prevention or impairment of the ability to see visual signals or information 4 Factors to be considered on general specification of ergonomic requirements 4.1 General Harmonised product standards for PPE should contain ergonomic requirements and test methods, or should make normative reference to other standards to be applied. Usua
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