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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1884:1999 The Europ
2、ean Standard EN 1884:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.040 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Feather and down Test methods Determination of microbiological state Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 12:31:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncont
3、rolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 1884:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 1999 BSI 03-1999 ISBN 0 580 30830 8 Amendments issu
4、ed since publication Amd. No.DateText affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1884:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/73, Filling and filled articles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to
5、understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this comm
6、ittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by usi
7、ng the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity f
8、rom legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 12:31:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN European Committee for Standardizatio
9、n Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1884:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 1884 NORME EUROPE
10、ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM September 1998 ICS 59.040 Descriptors: stuffings, feathers, tests, microbiological analysis, bacteria, bacteria count methods, culture media English version Feather and down Test methods Determination of microbiological state Plumes et duvets Me thodes dessais De termination d
11、e le tat microbiologique Federn und Daunen Pru fverfahren Bestimmung des mikrobiologischen Zustandes This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 August 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standar
12、d the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Ge
13、rman). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
14、Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 12:31:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 1884:1998 BSI 03-1999 Foreword Thi
15、s European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 222, Feather and down as filling material for any article, as well as finished articles filled with feather and down, the Secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard,
16、either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound t
17、o implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Annex A is informative. Contents Page Foreword2 Introduction3 1Scope
18、3 2Normative references3 3Definitions3 4Principle4 5Dip slide method4 6Selective medium and count plate method4 7Repeatability and reproducibility7 Annex A (informative) Bibliography7 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 12:31:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN
19、 1884:1998 BSI 03-1999 Introduction Feather materials for filling which come from plucking of waterfowls and/or landfowls are, when raw, contaminated by pathogenic micro-organisms of faecal and urinary origin (e.g. salmonellae, faecal streptococci, etc.). These are present in variable quantities, de
20、pending on the environment and the hygienic conditions of breeding, plucking and storage packing. Fabrication processes always comprise dusting, washing and sanitization in order to eliminate the pathogenic micro-organisms and to ensure the protection of consumer health. This European Standard speci
21、fies two methods to evaluate the microbiological state of feather materials for filling: the first one is used only as routine control, while the second one is used when it is necessary to have complete and specific information on the microbiological state. NOTEThe handling of micro-organisms which
22、are potentially hazardous requires a high degree of technical competence. Only personnel trained in microbiological techniques should carry out the test. Codes of practice for disinfection, sterilization and personal hygiene are strictly observed. It is recommended that workers consult ISO 7218. 1 S
23、cope 1.1 Dip-slide method 1.1.1 This method describes dip slide procedures that use two types of agar to test the presence of commensal bacteria and coliforms (gram negative). This procedure is suitable when a manufacturer requires a simple test to screen finished filling material hygiene. 1.1.2 Thi
24、s method cannot be used to test the presence of sulfite-reducing clostrides (gram positive) and salmonella (gram negative). 1.2 Selective medium and count plate method This method describes procedures that use different types of medium to verify the presence and quantity of: mesophilic aerobic bacte
25、ria (see 6.4); faecal streptococci (see 6.5); sulfite-reducing clostridium (see 6.6); salmonella (see 6.7). This method, used for both raw and finished materials, gives more complete and specific information on the control of the microbiological state of the filling material than the dip slide metho
26、d. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments or revisi
27、ons of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 1883, Feather and down Sampling in view of tests. EN 374-1, Protective gloves against chemicals
28、 and micro-organisms Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements. EN 374-2, Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organisms Part 2: Determination of resistance to penetration. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods. (ISO 3696:1987) 3 Definitions
29、For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 mesophilic aerobic bacteria content quantity of micro-organisms, chiefly bacteria, which develop in the presence of oxygen at a temperature of (302) 8C 3.2 faecal streptococci kind of bacteria belonging to the family of Lactobac
30、illaceae: the members of this kind are cocci (gram positive) 3.3 sulfite-reducing clostridium kind of bacteria (clostridium) belonging to the family of Bacillaceae: the members of this kind are rods (gram positive), anaerobic and sporigenic 3.4 salmonella kind of bacteria belonging to the family of
31、Enterobacteriaceae: the members of this kind are rods (gram negative) 3.5 initial extract filtrate obtained from treatment of the test specimen with peptonic physiological solution in accordance with the conditions as prescribed 3.6 decimal dilutions series of successive dilutions prepared from the
32、initial extract (3.5) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 12:31:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 1884:1998 BSI 03-1999 3.7 colony forming units (CFU) colony formed by millions of bacteria of the same species grown by multiplication of a single bacterial cell
33、 on a specific agar This is visible to the naked eye and can have different shapes (lenticular, starry, etc.) of variable dimensions according to the species, the type of agar and the culture conditions. 4 Principle 4.1 Dip-slide method A dip slide (5.1.2) CLED (Cystine, Lactose, Electrolyte, Defici
34、ent) and MacConkey) is encased in a sterile cylindrical container, submerged in an initial extract (3.5) and incubated at (371) 8C overnight. The count of microbial colonies grown on the two different types of agar is indicative of the degree of microbiological state. NOTEThe CLED medium is a select
35、ive medium for the cultivation of urinary and faecal pathogens. The MacConkey agar preferentially supports the growth of coliforms. 4.2 Selective medium and count plate method 4.2.1 The filtrate, obtained by mixing the initial extracts (3.5) of the two test specimens, is divided into two parts. 4.2.
36、1.1 One part is diluted in a scalar manner using the procedure of decimal dilutions. The filtrate and the various dilutions are seeded, in groups of three, on each of three selective agars for the determination of the mesophilic aerobic bacterial charge, the faecal streptococci and the sulfite-reduc
37、ing clostridium. 4.2.1.2 The second part is passed through a cellulose acetate membrane which prevents salmonellae from passing through. The membrane is then seeded on an enrichment broth. Finally, a part of this broth is seeded on agar specific for salmonellae. 4.2.2 The count of the microbial colo
38、nies grown on each type of agar is indicative of the degree of contamination. 5 Dip slide method 5.1 Apparatus 5.1.1 Wide mouth sterile glass jars, of capacity 120 ml. 5.1.2 MacConkey agar/CLED medium dip slides, 19 mm 3 50 mm. 5.1.3 Incubator, capable of maintaining (371) 8C 5.1.4 Sterile and prote
39、ctive gloves (see EN 374-1 and EN 374-2). 5.1.5 Sterile plastic bags. 5.1.6 Balance, with a maximum permissible error of 0,01 g. 5.2 Reagents Sterile saline solution, containing (8,50,2) g sodium chloride per litre. 5.3 Procedure 5.3.1 From a conditioned laboratory bulk sample (see EN 1883), using s
40、terile techniques, take five test specimens of approximately 1,0 g, weighed to a maximum permissible error of 0,05 g. 5.3.2 Place a test specimen in a sterile 120 ml wide mouth glass jar (5.1.1) containing 100 ml of sterile saline solution (5.2). Close the jar and shake vigorously by hand for (602)
41、s. 5.3.3 Remove the dip slide from its sterile container and momentarily submerge it vertically in the shaken saline solution. 5.3.4 Remove the dip slide, allow to drain for a few seconds, replace it in the sterile container and incubate at (371) 8C for (162) h. 5.3.5 Repeat the procedure from 5.3.2
42、 to 5.3.4 for the remaining four test specimens. 5.3.6 Carry out a sterility control by submerging a dip slide in sterile saline solution only and incubating as for the test specimens. The test is valid only if no bacterial growth is observed on this dip slide after incubation. 5.3.7 After incubatio
43、n, remove the dip slide from the container and count, for each test specimen, the number of bacterial colony forming units (CFU) on both agar types. The result should be recorded as too many to count (TMTC) if the agar is completely covered by bacteria such that individual colonies cannot be disting
44、uished or if the colonies merge into one another making accurate counting difficult. Occasionally, bacteria growing at the edge of the dip slide will not form the normal disc-shaped colony seen in the centre of the slide, but will spread along the edge of the slide, sometimes up to a distance of a f
45、ew centimetres. Such growth forms should be counted as single colonies. 5.4 Expression of results Express the results as the number of colony forming units (CFU) to one decimal place. 5.5 Test report Report the mean of the five results and the standard deviation. 6 Selective medium and count plate m
46、ethod 6.1 Apparatus 6.1.1 Autoclave, for moist-heat sterilization at approximately (1211) 8C. 6.1.2 Oven, for dry sterilization of the glassware operating at a temperature of between 170 8C and 175 8C. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 12:31:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,
47、 (c) BSI Page 5 EN 1884:1998 BSI 03-1999 6.1.3 Test-tube agitator, for mixing the decimal solutions. 6.1.4 Thermostats, adjustable to the required temperatures, with a maximum permissible error of1 8C. 6.1.5 Water baths, adjustable to the required temperatures with a maximum permissible error of1 8C
48、. 6.1.6 Colony count apparatus, comprising an illuminated base with a dark backing suitable for a magnifying glass to be used with a magnification of 1,5 and a mechanical or numerical colony counter. 6.1.7 pH-meter. 6.1.8 Balance, with a maximum permissible error of 0,01 g. 6.1.9 Wide-mouthed 2 000
49、ml glass flasks, with sealing stoppers. 6.1.10 Glass test-tubes, with hermetic impermeable stoppers and a nominal capacity of 10 ml and 1 ml. 6.1.11 Glass pipettes, for complete discharge, having a nominal capacity of 10 ml and 1 ml. 6.1.12 Petri dishes, of glass or plastic, 90 mm to 100 mm diameter. 6.1.13 Sterile and protective gloves (see EN 374-1 and EN 374-2). 6.1.14 Sterile plastic bags. 6.1.15 Sterile gauze. 6.1.16 Cellulose acetate membrane, with 0,45 mm pores. 6.1.17 Seitz filter. 6.1.18 Mechanical vibrator
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