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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1354:1997 Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure The European Standard EN 1354:1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.30 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 09:19:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrol
2、led Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 1354:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 October 1997 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate
3、to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/523 Draft for comment 93/110408 DC ISBN 0 580 27469 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee B/523, Prefabricated concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete wi
4、th open structure, upon which the following bodies were responsible: Aggregate Concrete Block Association Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Association British Masonry Society British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Institution of Structural
5、 Engineers Local Authority Organizations Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 09:19:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 1354:1997 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National fo
6、rewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 13543 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 09:19:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 1354:1997 ii BSI 10-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of Technical
7、 Committee B/523 and is the English language version of EN 1354:1996 Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
8、 of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference Publication referred toCorresponding British Standard EN 992:1995BS EN 992:1996 Determination of dry
9、 density of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
10、amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 09:19:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1354 December 1996 ICS 91.100.30 Descripto
11、rs: Concrete, aggregates, mechanical tests, compressive tests, determination, compressive strength, density (mass/volume), drying, desiccation English version Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure Dtermination de la rsistance la compression du bt
12、on de granulats lgers structure ouverte Bestimmung der Druckfestigkeit von haufwerksporigem Leichtbeton This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-11-30. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
13、 the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, Germ
14、an). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, G
15、ermany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Co
16、pyright reserved to CEN members. Ref. No. EN 1354:1996 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 09:19:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 1354:1996 BSI 10-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 177, Prefabricated reinforced
17、 components of autoclaved aerated concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 1997
18、, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 1997. In order to meet the performance requirements as laid down in the product standard for prefabricated components of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure, a number of standardized test methods are necessa
19、ry. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain
20、, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom Contents Page Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Principle3 4Apparatus3 5Test specimens3 5.1Sample3 5.2Shape and size of test specimens3 5.3Number of test specimens4 5.4Preparation of test specimens4 5.5Checking the dimensions and the shape of test
21、 specimens4 5.6Treating of loadbearing surfaces4 5.7Determination of mass of test specimens in air-dry state4 6Compression test5 7Test results5 8Test report6 Page Annex A (normative) Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure on test specimens cast in
22、 moulds7 A.1Scope7 A.2Principle7 A.3Apparatus7 A.4Test specimens7 A.4.1Sample7 A.4.2Shape and size of test specimens7 A.4.3Number of test specimens7 A.4.4Making and curing test specimens and the shape of test specimens7 A.4.5Checking the dimensions and the shape of test specimens8 A.4.6Treating of l
23、oadbearing surfaces8 A.4.7Determination of mass of test specimens in air-dry state8 A.5Compression test8 A.6Test results8 A.7Test report8 Annex B (informative) Determination of the fresh density of LAC in-situ by means of the water replacement method8 B.1Scope8 B.2Principle8 B.3Apparatus8 B.4Testing
24、 procedure9 B.5Calculation of fresh density9 Figure B.1 Schematic drawing of calibrated vessel indicating principle (not to scale)8 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 09:19:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 1354:1996 BSI 10-19993 1 Scope This European Standard spec
25、ifies a method of determining the compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure (LAC) according to prEN 1520. The reference test method uses test specimens (cores or cubes) taken from prefabricated components. Test specimens cast separately in moulds may also be used. Th
26、is alternative procedure is described in Annex A. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For d
27、ated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 992, Determination of dry density of light-w
28、eight aggregate concrete with open structure. prEN 1520, Prefabricated components of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure. ISO 1920:1976, Concrete tests Dimensions, tolerances and applicability of test specimens. ISO 2736-1:1986, Concrete tests Test specimens Part 1: Sampling of fresh
29、concrete. ISO 2736-2:1986, Concrete tests Test specimens Part 2: Making and curing of test specimens for strength tests. ISO 4012:1978, Testing concrete Determination of compressive strength of test specimens. ISO/DIS 7034:1983, Cores of hardened concrete Taking, examination and testing in compressi
30、on. 3 Principle The compressive strength is determined on test specimens taken from prefabricated components. It is defined as the ratio between the rupture load in axial compression and the cross-sectional area of the test specimen. 4 Apparatus a) A compression testing machine, which meets the requ
31、irements of ISO 4012:1978 (see note 1); b) Callipers, capable of reading the dimensions of the test specimens to an accuracy of 0,1 mm; c) A straight-edge (at least as long as the longest diagonal of the test specimen surfaces, in the case of cylinders: at least as long as the generatrices) and a 0,
32、5 mm feeler gauge; d) Equalizing layers of soft fibreboard, with a thickness of (12 2) mm and a density of (250 to 400) kg/m3 to be inserted between the loadbearing surfaces of the test specimens and the platens of the compression testing machine (not required in the case of levelling the loadbearin
33、g surfaces by grinding or capping). The edge length or the diameter of the equalizing layers shall not exceed that of the loadbearing surfaces of the test specimen by more than 5 mm (see note 2); e) A balance, capable of determining the mass of the test specimens to an accuracy of 0,1 %; f) A ventil
34、ated drying oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of (105 5) C (see note 3); g) Equipment for drilling cores from reinforced components, with water cooled diamond bit and sufficiently rigid so that the cores can be obtained with straight sides with a minimum of surface irregularities and distur
35、bances; h) Any saw, suitable for cutting reinforced LAC components. NOTE 1Compression testing machines complying with ISO 4012:1978 may need adapting to test specimens smaller than 90 mm in diameter. NOTE 2The use of equalizing layers with larger size may give higher strength results, especially for
36、 LAC in the lower strength range, due to the effect of lateral restraint. NOTE 3In addition, a ventilated drying oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (40 to 60) C can be helpful for conditioning of test specimens. 5 Test specimens 5.1 Sample The sample for the preparation of the test specime
37、ns (usually at least one prefabricated component) shall be taken in such a manner that it is representative of the product to be investigated. 5.2 Shape and size of test specimens The test specimens shall be cores with a length equal to the diameter, or cubes. The preferred diameter or edge length,
38、respectively, is 100 mm (reference test specimens). NOTEIn the case of hollow core components or multilayer components it may be necessary to use smaller test specimens. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 09:19:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 1354:1996 4 BSI 10-1
39、999 5.3 Number of test specimens A test set shall consist of at least three test specimens. If test specimens with a diameter or an edge length below 70 mm or less than three times the maximum aggregate size are used, at least six test specimens shall be tested. 5.4 Preparation of test specimens The
40、 test specimens shall preferably be taken from the following areas of components: solid and hollow core components: from the compression zone; if the shear strength shall be derived from the compressive strength, it may be necessary to take test specimens also from the weakest zone of the component
41、(see note 1) or, if applicable, from the webs between the hollow cores. multilayer components: from the weakest part of the middle layer (see note 2). Cores shall be taken and prepared according to ISO/DIS 7034:1983 unless otherwise stated in this European Standard. If possible, the axis of the core
42、s shall be chosen parallel to the direction of the compressive stresses in the component. Cubes shall be cut by means of a saw, preferably a circular saw with water cooled carborundum or diamond blade. One axis of the cubes shall be parallel to the direction of the compressive stresses in the compon
43、ent. The test specimens shall not contain any reinforcing bars in, or close to, the direction of the compressive force during the test. One or two reinforcing bars approximately perpendicular to the direction of the compressive force and with a diameter not exceeding 10 mm may be permitted, but shou
44、ld be avoided, if possible. The presence of steel within a test specimen shall be mentioned in the test report. The test specimens shall be drilled or cut within a period of (1 to 7) d before the compression test and stored until the test in air at (20 5) C and (50 15) % relative humidity. The moist
45、ure content at the compression test shall be U 4 % by mass. If the moisture content is found to be lower, the test specimens shall be wetted and subsequently stored under the conditions specified above for at least 1 d prior to the compression test. NOTE 1Depending on the manufacturing process, the
46、strength can decrease or increase from top to bottom. NOTE 2In general, it will not be possible to take test specimens with the required dimensions for the compression test from the thin outer layers of multilayer components. A feasible method would be to take several cores perpendicular to the plan
47、e of the component, to separate the outer layers of the cores by cutting and to glue several of these discs one on top of the other until the required length (see 5.2) has been attained. In order to prevent impermissible strength increase by partly filling the interstitial pores with glue, only a mi
48、nimum amount of glue should be used, and the glue, preferably epoxy resin or cement paste, should have a plastic rather than a liquid consistency. Another possibility would be to add an additional length to the component and make it homogeneous, using concrete of the outer layers, and to take the te
49、st specimens from this part of the component. This method can also be used in the case of hollow core components, where it is not normally possible to take test specimens with the required dimensions from the thin top and bottom layers. 5.5 Checking the dimensions and the shape of test specimens The dimensions and the shape of the test specimens shall be checked according to ISO/DIS 7034:1983. Each dimension shall be determined to an accuracy of 0,2 % by at least two measurements, taken at different positions, and the considered dimens
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