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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1918-5:1998 The Eur
2、opean Standard EN 1918-5:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 75.200 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Gas supply systems Underground gas storage Part 5: Functional recommendations for surface facilities Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue No
3、v 07 09:23:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 29664 4 BS EN 1918-5:1998 Amend
4、ments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1918-5:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GSE/33, Gas Supply, to Subcommittee GSE/33/4, Gas Supply: Storage, which ha
5、s the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list
6、 of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled Internatio
7、nal Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British
8、Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:23:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
9、BSI CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1918-
10、5:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 1918-5 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM February 1998 ICS 75.200 Descriptors: Storage, natural gas, gas installation, design, equipment specifications, performance evaluation, safety, environmental protection, fire protection, explosion proofing, tests, operating requ
11、irements, maintenance English version Gas supply systems Underground gas storage Part5: Functional recommendations for surface facilities Syste me dalimentation en gaz Stockage souterrain de gaz Partie 5: Recommandations fonctionnelles pour les installations de surface Gasversorgungssysteme Untertag
12、espeicherung von Gas Teil 5: Funktionale Empfehlungen fu r U bertageanlagen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nation
13、al standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any
14、other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany
15、, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:23:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 1918-5:1998 BSI 1998 Foreword This European Standard has b
16、een prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 234, Gas supply, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1998, and conflicting national standards
17、 shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1998. It is part 5 of a standard on underground gas storage which includes the five following parts: Part 1:Functional recommendations for storage in aquifers Part 2:Functional recommendations for storage in oil and gas fields Part 3:Functional recommendat
18、ions for storage in solution mined salt cavities Part 4:Functional recommendations for storage in rock caverns Part 5:Functional recommendations for surface facilities Other relevant standards are listed in annex A. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizati
19、ons of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 In
20、troduction3 1Scope3 2General description3 2.1Filling facilities3 2.2Withdrawal facilities3 2.3Utilities4 3Design4 4Construction5 5Testing and commissioning6 6Operation and maintenance6 Annex A (informative) Bibliography7 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:23:11 GMT+00:00 2006,
21、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 1918-5:1998 BSI 1998 Introduction Natural gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG) from oil and gas fields is increasingly being used to meet energy requirements. The inflexible gas production from these fields may not match the variable market demand. To overcome this
22、, underground gas storage may be used to adjust the supply as required. Surface facilities are provided to transfer gas between the transmission system and the underground storage structure and to ensure the gas is of the desired specification for both the withdrawal and filling operations. 1 Scope
23、This standard lists the general functional recommendations for the surface facilities relating to underground gas storage. It specifies procedures and practices which are safe and environmentally acceptable. It describes the functional recommendations for the design, construction, testing, commissio
24、ning, operation and maintenance of the surface facilities for underground gas storage, between the wellhead and the connection to the gas transmission system. In this context gas is any gaseous fuel which is in a gaseous state at a temperature of 15 8C and under a pressure of 1 bar. This standard is
25、 not intended to be applied retrospectively to existing facilities. This European Standard specifies common basic principles for gas supply systems. Users of this European Standard should be aware that more detailed national standards and/or codes of practice may exist in the CEN member countries. T
26、his European Standard is intended to be applied in association with these national standards and/or codes of practice and does not replace them. 2 General description The main equipment that may be required to meet the desired specification for both the withdrawal and the filling operations is descr
27、ibed below. Where no specific mention of LPG or natural gas is made the following statements refer to both. 2.1 Filling facilities 2.1.1 Liquid and solid separation Liquids and solid particles that the gas stream may contain should be removed by filters and/or separators to prevent damage to or inco
28、rrect operation of the equipment. 2.1.2 Gas compression Compression will normally be required to inject natural gas into the storage structure, unless the storage system pressure is lower than the supply pressure. For LPG storage recompression of recovered LPG vapours may be required. 2.1.3 Gas cool
29、ing The compressed natural gas is generally cooled by air coolers to ensure the maximum temperature allowable, especially for the protection of pipe coatings, is not exceeded. In order to maintain the pressure of the stored LPG at a suitable level, cooling of the incoming LPG or condensation of the
30、vapour phase may be required. 2.1.4 Liquid transfer Liquid transfer pumps may be required for the filling of LPG storage facilities. 2.1.5 LPG heating LPG may be delivered to the storage facility under cryogenic conditions. To allow the fluid to be warmed to a level suitable for the storage system,
31、the surface facilities should include the installation of gas heaters. 2.2 Withdrawal facilities 2.2.1 Prevention of hydrate formation Hydrate formation in a gas stream of known composition can be predicted by means of experimental data or calculated using vapour/liquid/solid equilibrium constants.
32、The formation of hydrates can be prevented by inhibiting, heating and/or dehydrating the gas. 2.2.2 Solid and liquid separation Natural gas produced from underground storage may contain solids and/or liquids that shall be separated upstream of the treatment facilities. For the treatment of LPG, spec
33、ific equipment, for example separators or coalescers, may be used for the removal of solid particles or water droplets. 2.2.3 Pressure control Pressure reduction from wellhead pressure to the transmission system pressure may be obtained by specific equipment, for example control valves, choke valves
34、 or expanders. 2.2.4 Gas heating To avoid excessively low temperatures due to pressure reduction, heating may be required. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:23:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 1918-5:1998 BSI 1998 2.2.5 Gas conditioning Gas from undergr
35、ound storage may be saturated with water and shall be dehydrated to meet the required water dew-point specifications. If the specifications require LPG with a water content below that in saturated conditions, then dehydration of the LPG may be required. To prevent liquid hydrocarbons forming in natu
36、ral gas transportation/distribution systems, hydrocarbon dew-point control may be necessary. Natural gas from underground storage may contain contaminants (e.g. hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide) that shall be reduced to the required gas specification. 2.2.6 Compression The operatin
37、g pressure of process plant is generally higher than gas transportation line pressure. Storage facilities and/or plant may be operated at a pressure lower than gas transportation line pressure. In this case, compressors for natural gas or pumps for LPG are required. 2.2.7 Odorization and/or colouriz
38、ation If odorization of the gas leaving the surface facilities is required, the odour shall be injected downstream of the processing area. Prior to delivery of LPG the contract specification may require colourization. 2.2.8 Recovered water treatment If required, equipment should be provided to treat
39、 recovered water from the underground storage system before it is disposed of or reinjected. 2.3 Utilities 2.3.1 Gas analysis and metering Mass and/or volumetric flow rates are normally measured and recorded when injection into and withdrawal from the storage system occurs. Gas analysis may be requi
40、red to check gas quality before injection into or withdrawal from the storage system. 2.3.2 Fuel gas A fuel gas system is required for the operation of gas fired equipment. 2.3.3 Instrument air An instrument air system is required for the control and operation of the surface pneumatic systems if use
41、d. 2.3.4 Power supplies Suitable power supplies are necessary for the operation of all electrical equipment on site. 2.3.5 Leaching and dewatering facilities for salt cavities Leaching facilities for salt cavities may consist of: a system for leaching water delivery with: water offtake station(s) at
42、 the leaching water source with filters and pumps; a line pipe from the leaching water offtake station(s) to the leaching plant; water reservoirs or tanks; water injection pumps and filters; a line pipe from the leaching plant to the well head(s); a system for brine discharge with: a line pipe for b
43、rine discharges; brine discharge pumps, filters and dispersers; a system for cavity roof protection with: blanket fluid storage, filters and pumps at the leaching plant; a line pipe for the blanket fluid from the leaching plant to the wellhead(s); separation equipment for the removal of blanket flui
44、d from brine; a system for ensuring the safety of the facility including a shutdown system; equipment for process control. A system for ensuring the safety of the facility during the first gas filling shall be provided. 3 Design 3.1 Safety and environmental issues The design of the plant shall enabl
45、e the operator to conduct its operations in such a way as to minimize the risk of harm to its employees, contractors and all others who may be affected directly or indirectly by its activities, and to comply with standards on safety, occupational health and environmental protection. For this, the fo
46、llowing should be taken into consideration at the design stage: selection of the least harmful process materials and intermediaries; minimization of the inventory of hazardous materials; minimization of emissions of harmful solid, liquid and gaseous substances; design of combustion plant and equipme
47、nt such as gas turbines, diesel and petrol engines, flares and boilers to produce exhaust gas which conforms to the authorized emission contents for oxides of nitrogen and sulfur and other pollutants; location of plant to minimize the risk to neighbours and their property; Licensed Copy: sheffieldun
48、 sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:23:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN 1918-5:1998 BSI 1998 setting out and, if necessary, protection of sections of plant so that an incident in one location does not escalate to another part of the site; protection of the ground, in areas where h
49、armful liquids could be spilt, by an appropriate impervious sealing material with an appropriate and impervious retaining kerb. Spills shall be directed to tight catchment pits which are not directly connected to the main drainage system, watercourses or the sea; provision for the treatment of liquid discharges to drainage systems, water courses or the sea to render them harmless or for their storage in tight tanks before removal. Contaminant levels shall not be greater than that for which a discharge c
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