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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 445 : 1997 Incorpor
2、ating Amendment No. 1 The European Standard EN 445 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.10 ; 91.100.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Grout for prestressing tendons Test methods BS EN 445 : 1997Issue 2, December 1997 This British Standard, ha
3、ving been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/525/2 Dra
4、ft for comment 91/10645 DC ISBN 0 580 28311 9 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected 9876December 1997 Indicated by a sideline in the margin Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Bu
5、ilding and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/2, Structural use of concrete, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers British Cement Association British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. Concrete Society Department of the Environment (Buil
6、ding Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Construction Sponsorship Directorate) Department of Transport (Highways Agency) Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Steel Reinforcement Commission BSI 1997i Issue 2, December 1997BS EN 445 : 1997 | | National
7、foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/525/2 and is the English language version of EN 445 : 1996 Grout for prestressing tendons Test methods published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 445 was produced as a result of European discussions in which th
8、e UK took an active part. The UK voted against this standard at the CEN Formal Vote stage because UK industry considered the standard to be insufficient in providing suitable specification requirements for grouting materials and procedures, particularly for highway bridges. The UK conducted signific
9、ant development work and subsequently published Concrete Society Technical Report No. 47 Durable Bonded Post Tensioned Concrete Bridges, prepared by a Concrete Society Working Party in collaboration with the Concrete Bridge Development Group (September 1996), to which reference may be made. At the C
10、EN Formal Vote stage, however, the analysis of voting resulted in a positive vote and in accordance with CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 2 : Common rules for standards work EN 445 was accepted as a European Standard. Cross-reference Publication referred toCorresponding British Standard EN 196-
11、1 : 1994BS EN 196-1 : 1995 Determination of strength Textual error The textual error set out below was discovered when adopting the text of the European Standard. It has been reported to CEN in a proposal to amend the text of the European Standard. Figure 2 in the published EN version is not correct
12、. In the national annex NA (informative) of this BS EN an updated version of the figure is given until such time as the EN is amended. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. iiblank CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de
13、Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members. Ref. No. EN 445 : 1996 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 445 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM March 1996 ICS 91.100.30 Descriptors: Cables, ropes, prestressed conc
14、rete, grouting, viscosity, tests English version Grout for prestressing tendons Test methods Coulis pour ca ble de pre contrainte Me thode dessais Einpremo rtel fu r Spannglieder Pru fverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-10-28. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CEN
15、ELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
16、CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN
17、 members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Page 2 EN 445 : 1996 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepare
18、d by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104, Concrete Performance, production, placing and compliance criteria, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Sep
19、tember 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
20、 Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 0Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Testing of grout3 3.1General conditions3 3.2Fluidity test3 3.2.1Immersion method3 3.2.1.1Principle of test3 3.2.1.2Apparatus3 3
21、.2.1.3Calibration procedure3 3.2.1.4Test procedure3 3.2.1.5Reporting the results5 3.2.2Cone method5 3.2.2.1Principle of test5 3.2.2.2Apparatus5 3.2.2.3Test procedure5 3.2.2.4Reporting of results5 3.3Bleeding test5 3.3.1Principle of test5 3.3.2Apparatus5 3.3.3Procedure5 3.3.4Reporting of results6 Pag
22、e 3.4Volume change test6 3.4.1Principle of test6 3.4.2Cylinder method6 3.4.2.1Apparatus6 3.4.2.2Procedure6 3.4.2.3Reporting of results6 3.4.3Can method6 3.4.3.1Apparatus6 3.4.3.2Procedure6 3.4.3.3Reporting of results6 3.5Compression strength test6 3.5.1Prisms6 3.5.1.1Principle of the test6 3.5.1.2Ap
23、paratus7 3.5.1.3Procedure7 3.5.1.3.1Moulding of the test specimens7 3.5.1.3.2Curing of test specimens8 3.5.1.3.3Compression test8 3.5.1.4Reporting of results8 3.5.2Cylinders8 3.5.2.1Principle8 3.5.2.2Apparatus8 3.5.2.3Procedure8 3.5.2.4Reporting of results8 Page 3 EN 445 : 1996 BSI 1997 0 Introducti
24、on In post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction, the grouting of tendons is an important operation. This European Standard provides methods of test for grout specified in EN 447. Some tests given herein are alternatives and it will be necessary to relate the chosen test method to the specifie
25、d requirements. 1 Scope This European Standard describes the methods of test for grout specified in EN 447. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in
26、the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
27、 applies. EN 196-1 : 1987 Methods of testing cement Determination of strength EN 447Grout for prestressing tendons Specification for common grout ISO 4012Concrete Determination of compressive strength of test specimens 3 Testing of grout 3.1 General conditions The grouts shall be tested by competent
28、 personnel experienced in the subject. The normal conditions of temperature and relative humidity at test shall be as follows: temperature (202) C; relative humidity 65 %. These conditions are for the specification of the grout. Variations in temperature and humidity on site may cause variations in
29、the test results and shall be reported. The grout for the tests shall be made from materials specified in clause 4 of EN 447 and mixed in accordance with clause 6 of EN 447. The temperature of the freshly mixed grout is to be given in all test reports. 3.2 Fluidity test 3.2.1 Immersion method 3.2.1.
30、1 Principle of test The test consists of measuring the time a plunger needs to drop through a defined amount of grout in a tube. 3.2.1.2 Apparatus a) Calibrated immersion equipment, according to figure 1. b) A 0,5 m spacer rod, according to figure 1. c) A stopwatch. 3.2.1.3 Calibration procedure Cal
31、ibrate the immersion equipment with glycerol (analytical grade) having a density of 1,226 g/cm3at (200,5) C. The temperature of the room, immersion equipment and glycerol shall be (200,5) C during the calibration. Fill the cylinder with about 1,9 l glycerol up to approximately 260 mm below the rim.
32、After filling the immersion equipment the glycerol shall be allowed to rest for about 1 h. Then immerse the plunger to expel the air bubbles from the glycerol, which may have been introduced into the glycerol during the filling of the cylinder. After at least 1 h position the plunger so that its sto
33、p on the tail rod lies on the spacer placed at the top of the tube. Then pull the spacer away to allow the plunger to sink to the stop of the tube. Record this time to the nearest second. Repeat the calibration at least three times. The mean value of all measured immersion times shall be (341) s. If
34、 the test result deviates from this value the weight of the plunger shall be increased where t 35 s or reduced where t 33 s. This is done by varying the quantity of the lead pellets in the plunger. Delay repeating the calibration procedure for at least 30 min to ensure that no air bubbles are in the
35、 glycerol resulting from the preceding calibration procedure. 3.2.1.4 Test procedure Preparation The adjustment of the immersion equipment shall be tested before it is used. Adjustment of the immersion equipment shall be tested subsequently once a year and/or after any damage. Directly before the te
36、st place the equipment vertically and dampen the inside of the tube and the plunger so that the surface is moist but without free water. Procedure Fill the cylinder with approximately 1,9 l grout up to approximately 260 mm below the rim, so that the plunger is fully immersed on introduction if its s
37、top on the tail rod lies on the spacer placed at the top of the tube. Then pull the spacer away; the plunger sinks to the stop in the tube. Then raise the plunger back to its initial position, insert the spacer, pull it away again and measure the time until the stop lies on the tube. Measure the imm
38、ersion times of the grout immediately after the mixing process and after 30 min. For the test after 30 min, grout from the same mix as that used for the immersion test immediately after the mixing process shall be used; the grout is to be kept in motion with the stirrer until the carrying out of the
39、 test after 30 min. Each test is carried out three times in succession with the same filling. Page 4 EN 445 : 1996 BSI 1997 1Stop 2Guide rod 3Wooden rod (as spacer) 4Cu-Zn tube 5Final position of the plunger 6Level 7Wooden rod (as measuring rod) 8White dye 9Guide cam 10Grout level in the starting po
40、sition of the plunger 11Grout level without plunger ( 1,9 l) Figure 1. Immersion equipment for determining the immersion time Page 5 EN 445 : 1996 BSI 1997 3.2.1.5 Reporting of results Report the result as the average of the immersion times to the nearest second of the second and third immersion, ig
41、noring the first immersion time. 3.2.2 Cone method 3.2.2.1 Principle of test The fluidity of grout, expressed in seconds, measured by the time necessary for a stated quantity of grout to pass through the orifice of the cone, under stated conditions. 3.2.2.2 Apparatus The following apparatus is requi
42、red for the test. a) Cone, a cone of the dimensions given in figure 2. It shall be robust and manufactured from materials not reactive with any materials specified in clause 4 of EN 447. The volume of the cone (excluding the cylindrical portions at top and bottom) shall be 1,7 l10 %. b) Sieving medi
43、um, the sieving medium aperture shall be 1,5 mm and the sieving medium shall be fitted as shown in figure 2, and be removable. c) Stopwatch. d) Container, of 1 l capacity. 3.2.2.3 Test procedure Preparation Mount the cone with its axis vertical and its largest diameter uppermost. Fix the sieving med
44、ium at the position indicated in figure 2. During the test prevent the cone from vibrating. Place the container under the cone outlet. All surfaces of the cone shall be clean and shall be dampened so that the surfaces are moist but without free water. Close the lower cone orifice. Procedure Pour the
45、 grout through the sieving medium to fill the conical section of the cone. Pour the grout sufficiently slowly to prevent the build-up of air in the grout in the cone. Open the lower cone orifice and at the same time, start the stopwatch. Measure the time taken to the nearest 0,5 s to fill the contai
46、ner. The presence of lumps on the sieving medium shall be reported. Three tests shall be carried out, the first immediately after the grout is mixed and the remaining two tests 30 min after mixing or injection. While testing is in progress the grout shall be kept agitated. 3.2.2.4 Reporting of resul
47、ts Report the time taken to the nearest 0,5 s. Report also the presence of lumps. Report the result as the average of the times determined to the nearest 0,5 s of the second and third tests, ignoring the results of the first test. Dimensions in mm Figure 2. Cone for fluidity test 3.3 Bleeding test 3
48、.3.1 Principle of test The test consists of measuring the quantity of water remaining on the surface of the grout which has been allowed to stand protected from evaporation. 3.3.2 Apparatus A transparent 100 ml cylinder 25 mm in diameter and 250 mm in height graduated in ml. Alternatively, a transpa
49、rent cylinder 50 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height graduated in mm. 3.3.3 Procedure Preparation Place the cylinder on a surface free from shocks or vibration. The grout used should be from the same batch as that used for the fluidity test. Procedure for 25 mm diameter cylinder Pour 95 to 100 ml of grout into the cylinder. Note the level of the grout (v) ignoring the meniscus. After 3 h, measure the quantity of water on top of the grout (v1), taking appropriate measures to prevent evaporation. The test is carried out on one sample of
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