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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 450:1995 Fly ash for concrete Definitions, requirements and quality control The European Standard EN 450:1994 has the status of a British Standard UDC 666.971.98:693.5:666.952.2:001.4:658.562 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:24:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncon
2、trolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 450:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 December 1995 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references rel
3、ate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/516/101 Draft for comment 91/11362 DC ISBN 0 580 24612 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/516, Cement and lime, to Subcommittee B/516/101, Pozzolana
4、s, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries British Cement Association British Precast Concrete Federation British Ready Mixed Concrete Association Cementitious Slag Makers Association Department of the Environment (Building Research Estab
5、lishment) Department of Transport Electricity Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Quality Ash Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:24:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 450:
6、1995 BSI 07-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 4503 National annex NA (informative) Comparison between BS 3892-1 and BS EN 4508 National annex NB (normative) Requirements permitted to be specified on a national basis9 List of referen
7、cesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:24:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 450:1995 ii BSI 07-1999 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 450:1994 Fly ash for concrete Definitions, requirements and qual
8、ity control prepared under the authority of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This standard has been prepared as part of a package of standards harmonized within the member countries of CEN to support the essential requirements of the Construction Products Directive. The term “fly as
9、h” used in this standard covers pulverized-fuel ash (pfa) which is the more precise term for fly ashes produced from electricity generating power stations burning pulverized hard coals and which has been in common use in the UK for many years. BS EN 450 does not supersede BS 3892-1 which remains in
10、force and covers a processed material, as explained in the introduction of this standard. BS 3892-2:1984 is under revision. This standard was drafted with the cooperation of the UK which proposed a requirement for different classes of ash each with specific applications in order to maintain the succ
11、essful system of classification and use established under BS 3892 since 1965. This was not required or accepted by the majority of CEN member countries. However, the introduction to EN 450 acknowledges that the UK and Ireland require that ash, for use as a cementitious component in concrete, be proc
12、essed in order to restrict variations in quality and to enhance performance in concrete. It further recognizes that the specific requirements for controlled properties which allow such processed ash to be used as a special component of cementitious systems in concrete are not included in EN 450. Pfa
13、 conforming to BS 3892-1 is subject to such processing. BS 5328-1 and BS 8110-1 refer to the use of other fly ashes that do not conform to BS 3892-1 provided that satisfactory data on their use are available. Requirements in both BS EN 450 and BS 3892-1 are specified as characteristic values and con
14、formity is assessed by means of a statistical procedure for continuous inspection operated by the ash producer (autocontrol). This includes the concept of “major defects” which are likely to reduce materially the usability of the ash for its intended purpose. In this respect both BS EN 450 and BS 38
15、92-1 are based upon the text on conformity criteria given in the European Prestandard for cement, ENV 197-1:1992. Subsequent draft revisions of this text have removed reference to major defects, referring instead to “limit values” (upper and lower). The sum of the specified characteristic value and
16、the corresponding major defect is the limit value for the particular property. The latter term is used throughout National annex NA in which the main differences between BS EN 450 and BS 3892-1 are summarized. BS EN 450 makes reference in 3.2, 3.3 and 4.2.2 to certain items which are permitted to be
17、 fixed on a national basis. Normative National annex NB indicates how these clauses are to be interpreted for the UK. Most ash produced in the UK would conform to BS EN 450 without further processing. Rules to allow ash conforming to BS EN 450 to be used in concrete produced in accordance with EN 20
18、6 are, however, still under development. Until such rules have been developed and agreed, users of ash conforming to BS EN 450 are advised that, for the specific use as part of the cement content in concrete, pfa is required by BS 5328 and BS 8110 to conform to BS 3892-1. In particular, BS 5328 requ
19、ires that, when pfa is combined with a Portland cement in the concrete mixer to give a combination equivalent to a cement conforming to BS 6588 or BS 6610, the pfa conforms to BS 3892-1. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:24:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN
20、450:1995 BSI 07-1999iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references
21、Publications referred toCorresponding British Standard EN 196-1:1994BS EN 196-1:1995 Methods of testing cement Part 1: Determination of strength EN 196-2:1994BS EN 196-2:1995 Methods of testing cement Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement EN 196-3:1994BS EN 196-3:1995 Methods of testing cement Part 3:
22、 Determination of setting time and soundness EN 196-6:1989BS EN 196-6:1992 Methods of testing cement Part 6: Determination of fineness EN 196-7:1989BS EN 196-7:1992 Methods of testing cement Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement EN 196-21:1989BS EN 196-21:1990 Methods of testing
23、cement Part 21: Determination of chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content of cement ENV 197-1:1993DD ENV 197-1:1995 Cement Composition, specifications and conformity criteria Part 1: Common cements ENV 206:1990DD ENV 206:1992 Concrete Performance, production, placing and compliance criteria EN 45
24、1-1:1994BS EN 451-1:1995 Method of testing fly ash Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content EN 451-2:1994BS EN 451-2:1995 Method of testing fly ash Part 2: Determination of fineness by wet sieving. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to i
25、v, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09
26、:24:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:24:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 450 September 1994 UDC 666.971.98:693.5:666.952.2:001.4:658.562 Descriptors: Conc
27、rete, fly ash, definitions, specifications, chemical properties, physical properties, quality control, certification English version Fly ash for concrete Definitions, requirements and quality control Cendres volantes pour bton Dfinitions, exigences et contrle de qualit Flugasche fr Beton Definitione
28、n, Anforderungen und Gtaberwachung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-09-09. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date
29、 lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the r
30、esponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, No
31、rway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 450:1994 E Licensed Copy
32、: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:24:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 450:1994 BSI 07-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard was drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 104, Concrete, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. The preparatory work was carried out by WG 4
33、of CEN/TC 104 since June 1988 in which the following countries participated: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and United Kingdom. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
34、European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1995, and conflicting national standards shall be wit
35、hdrawn at the latest by March 1995. It is supported by standards of the series EN 451 for test methods for determination of free calcium oxide content and of the fineness by sieve residue. No existing European Standard is superseded. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following c
36、ountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Contents Page 0Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definition
37、s3 3.1type II addition3 3.2fly ash3 3.3reference cement4 3.4particle density4 3.5activity index4 3.6autocontrol4 4Requirements4 4.1General4 4.2Chemical requirements4 4.2.1General4 4.2.2Loss on ignition4 4.2.3Chloride4 4.2.4Sulfuric anhydride4 4.2.5Free calcium oxide4 4.3Physical requirements4 4.3.1F
38、ineness4 4.3.2Activity index5 4.3.3Soundness5 4.3.4Particle density5 5Packaging and marking5 6Quality control5 6.1Conformity criteria5 6.2Autocontrol5 6.2.1General5 6.2.2Sampling5 6.2.3Frequency of sampling and testing6 Annex A (informative) Sampling plans7 A.0Introduction7 A.1Inspection of variable
39、s7 A.2Inspection by attributes7 Table 1 Major defects6 Table 2 Sampling and testing frequency6 Table 3 Acceptability constant kA (Pa = 10 %)7 Table 4 Acceptable number of defects ca7 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:24:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 450:199
40、4 BSI 07-19993 0 Introduction The use of coal for electricity production results in the generation of large quantities of fly ash. Different types of coal and the type of boiler used in this process produce different qualities of fly ash and some, especially those having pozzolanic properties, are u
41、sed in concrete production. This European Standard gives requirements for the chemical and physical properties as well as quality control procedures for fly ashes which may be safely used as a pozzolanic addition for the production of cast-in-situ or prefabricated structural concrete. However, it is
42、 beyond the scope of this standard to specify provisions for the use of fly ash in concrete, for which reference should be made to ENV 206. Fly ash may before its use be subject to processing by classification or selection to increase its fineness and to improve other properties. Such is the case fo
43、r example in the UK and Ireland which, in order to limit variations in properties and to reduce water demand, have developed a low sieve residue fly ash for use as a special component of cementitious systems. The fineness of this ash is strictly controlled in order to maximize chemical activity and
44、minimize the variability in properties, not only within one source but also between different sources. Although such processed fly ash may conform to this standard, the additional requirements for fineness and reduction of water demand which allow this processed fly ash to be used specifically as a
45、special component of cementitious systems in concrete are not included in this standard. When using fly ashes complying with this standard, it should be noted that, apart from pozzolanic properties, other properties of fresh and hardened concrete, in particular the water requirement (lower or higher
46、), the setting time (normally increased) and the early age strength (relative reduction), may be affected. When relevant, such effects have to be considered in concrete mix design (see ENV 206). 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for the properties of fly ash for use as a type II
47、addition in cast-in-situ or prefabricated structural concrete conforming to ENV 206. Fly ash for use in the manufacture of cements according to ENV 197-1 is outside the scope of this standard. Provisions governing the practical application of fly ash in the production of concrete, i.e. requirements
48、concerning composition, mixing, placing, curing etc. of concrete containing fly ash are not part of this standard. As regards such provisions, reference should be made to ENV 206 or national standards for concrete. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated refere
49、nce, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 196-1:1994, Methods of testing cement Determination of strength. EN 196-2:1994, Methods of testing cement Chemical analysis of
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