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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 491:1994 Concrete roofing tiles and fittings Test methods The European Standard EN 491:1994 has the status of a British Standard UDC 692.415.3-4:691.32-4:666.972:620.1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:23:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
2、 EN 491:1994 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Technical Committee B/542, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 October 1994 BSI 02-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee ref
3、erence B/542/2 Draft for comment 91/13904 DC ISBN 0 580 23102 X Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: AustriaOesterreichisches
4、 Normungsinstitut BelgiumInstitut belge de normalisation DenmarkDansk Standard FinlandSuomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. FranceAssociation franaise de normalisation GermanyDeutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. GreeceHellenic Organization for Standardization IcelandTechnological Institute of Iceland Irel
5、andNational Standards Authority of Ireland ItalyEnte Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione LuxembourgInspection du Travail et des Mines NetherlandsNederlands Normalisatie-instituut NorwayNorges Standardiseringsforbund PortugalInstituto Portugus da Qualidade SpainAsociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Cert
6、ificacin SwedenStandardiseringskommissionen i Sverige SwitzerlandAssociation suisse de normalisation United KingdomBritish Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:23:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,
7、 (c) BSI BS EN 491:1994 BSI 02-1999i Contents Page Cooperating organizationsInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 4912 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsibleInside back cover National annex NB (informative) Cross-referenceInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffie
8、ldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:23:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 491:1994 ii BSI 02-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of Technical Committee B/542, Roofing and cladding products for discontinuous laying, and is the English la
9、nguage version of EN 491:1993 Concrete roofing tiles and fittings Test methods, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). BS EN 490 and BS EN 491 specify requirements and test methods for concrete roof tiles and together supersede BS 473, BS 550:1990, which is withdrawn. EN 491
10、was produced as a result of international discussions in which the UK took an active part. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not
11、of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments in
12、corporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:23:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 491 March 1994 UDC 692.415.3-4:691.32-4:666.972:620.1 D
13、escriptors: Roof, roofing, roofing tiles, concrete, tests, length, width, flatness, mass, flexural strength, water-tightness, freeze-thaw resistance English version Concrete roofing tiles and fittings Test methods Tuiles et accessories en bton Mthodes d essais Dach-und Formsteine aus Beton Prfungver
14、fahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-03-18. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical r
15、eferences concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN membe
16、r into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Swede
17、n, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 491:1994 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, n
18、a, Sat Nov 04 09:23:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 491:1994 BSI 02-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 128, Roof covering products for discontinuous laying, the secretariat of which is held by ON. This European Standard shall b
19、e given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 1994, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1994. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries
20、are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definitions and symbols3
21、 3.1Definitions3 3.2Symbols3 4Test methods3 4.1Hanging length and squareness of regular front edge tiles3 4.2Cover width3 4.3Flatness4 4.4Mass4 4.5Transverse strength4 4.6Impermeability5 4.7Freeze-thaw resistance5 4.8Nib support5 Annex A (informative) Bibliography6 Figure 16 Figure 27 Figure 38 Figu
22、re 49 Figure 59 Figure 610 Figure 711 Figure 812 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:23:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 491:1994 BSI 02-19993 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods for concrete roofing tiles and valley tiles, for assembly into pi
23、tched roof coverings. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent a
24、mendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 490:1994, Concrete roofing tiles and fittings Product specification. 3 De
25、finitions and symbols 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in EN 490:1994 apply. 3.2 Symbols 4 Test methods 4.1 Hanging length and squareness of regular front edge tiles 4.1.1 Tiles with nominally constant hanging length Hang the tile at an angle of 20 to 70 on a
26、steel batten see Figure 1 a). After having removed any burrs and/or other irregularities, measure from the top face of the batten to the lower front edge of the tile at the sides see Figure 1 b). Record the values l2and l3 to the nearest millimetre and calculate the average per tile l1 to the neares
27、t millimetre. 4.1.2 Tiles with regularly varying hanging length Hang the tile at an angle of 20 to 70 on a steel batten see Figure 1 a). After having removed any burrs and/or other irregularities, measure to the nearest millimetre from the top face of the batten to the lowest point of the tile see F
28、igure 1 c). Record the measured value l1 to the nearest millimetre. 4.2 Cover width 4.2.1 Interlocking tiles Hang or lay eleven tiles of the same nominal cover width with their locks fitting well, in the manner specified by the manufacturer. Taking care that the interlocking parts of the tiles do no
29、t lift or disengage, pull the tiles apart to their maximum coverage. Measure to the nearest millimetre and record the drawn-out value cwd over 10 tiles see Figure 2 a). Taking care that the interlocking parts of the tiles do not lift or disengage, push the tiles together to their minimum coverage. M
30、easure to the nearest millimetre and record the closed up value cwc over 10 tiles see Figure 2 b). Calculate to the nearest 0,1 mm either: a) the average drawn out value cwd/10 and the average closed up value cwc/10; or b) the average cover width (cwd + cwc)/20. 4.2.2 Non-interlocking tiles Hang or
31、lay 10 tiles of the same nominal cover width on a batten in the manner specified by the manufacturer. Push the tiles together. Measure to the nearest millimetre and record the width of the 10 tiles. Calculate to 0,1 mm the average cover width. l1Hanging length of a tile as defined in Figure 1 a) l2,
32、 l3Hanging edge lengths of a tile as defined in Figure 1 b) cwNominal cover width of one tile cwcCover width closed up value of 10 tiles cwdCover width drawn out value of 10 tiles dProfile depth of a tile Mean value of the maximum loads FcCharacteristic transverse strength of tiles FiTransverse stre
33、ngth of an individual tile nSample size sdEstimated standard deviation F Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:23:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 491:1994 4 BSI 02-1999 4.3 Flatness Place the tile on a flat level surface or two co-planar flat metal bars with the
34、nibs projecting, as shown in Figure 3. Hold the tile to ensure that the head of the tile is in contact with the surface. Using a steel bar with a diameter of 3 mm or cw/100 mm to the nearest millimetre, whichever is the greater, check whether any gap between the lower front edge of the tile and the
35、measuring surface at any nominal contact point without lifting the tile, is greater than the specified value. Record the results for each tile tested. 4.4 Mass Condition the tiles to be tested at 15 C to 30 C and at a minimum of 40 % relative humidity for at least 24 h in such a manner that air is f
36、ree to circulate to all sides of each tile. Weigh each tile to at least the nearest 25 g. Record the values measured and calculate the average mass of the tiles in the sample to the nearest 10 g. 4.5 Transverse strength 4.5.1 Conditioning of tiles Store the tiles to be tested at 15 C to 30 C, at a m
37、inimum of 40 % relative humidity for at least 24 h, in such a manner that air is free to circulate to all sides of each tile. 4.5.2 Test machine details The test machine shall have two lower rounded metal bearers in a horizontal plane whose centres are spaced at 2/3 of the hanging length of the tile
38、 to be tested, and a single rounded metal upper bearer positioned centrally between the two lower bearers (see Figure 4a). The rounded part of the bearers shall have a radius of 10 mm to 20 mm. The bearers shall have a minimum width of 20 mm. The upper bearer and the bearer nearest the tail of the t
39、ile shall be free to pivot perpendicularly to their long axis. The length of the bearers shall be not less than the width of the tile to be tested. The test machine shall be calibrated such that the indicated value shall be within 3 % of the true value. NOTEUseful information may be found in OIML In
40、ternational Recommendation Number 65 (see Annex A). 4.5.3 Procedure 4.5.3.1 Measurement of profile depth d If the manufacturers declared value of d is less than 20 mm, measure the profile depth of each tile in the sample and calculate the average value for the sample (see Figure 5). 4.5.3.2 Position
41、ing the tile in the machine Place the tile to be tested with the top surface uppermost on the lower bearers of the test machine so that the centre line of the hanging length is midway between the lower bearers (see Figure 4). If the tile is not stable in this position (e.g. the tile rests in or on a
42、 water-lock) move the tile a distance specified by the manufacturer to ensure stable beating, in the direction that brings the tile hanging nibs nearer to the bearer. When compared to the fixed lower bearer, the angle of the upper bearer shall be not greater than 10. Packing pieces with a flat top s
43、hall be used as necessary to achieve this (see Figure 6). The packing pieces shall be no wider than the diameter of the rounded part of the lower bearers. With plain and flat tiles, place an elastomeric pad between the upper bearer and the tile (see Figure 4). With profiled tiles, arrange a contoure
44、d packing block between the upper bearer and the tile (see Figure 4). The contoured packing block shall be made of hardwood or metal or moulded with plaster. The contoured packing block shall be (20 1) mm wide. Where the contoured packing block is made of hardwood or metal, place an elastomeric pad
45、between the contoured packing piece and the tile. The elastomeric pad shall be in length at least the width of the tile, not less than 20 mm wide and 10 mm 5 mm thick with a hardness of (50 10) Shore A. The tile shall be placed so that the underlock (if applicable) is not loaded, and in such a way t
46、hat the load can be applied centrally on the cover width (see Figure 6). NOTEFor quality control purposes the test may be carried out without the use of the elastomeric pad and contoured packing block. 4.5.3.3 Load application Apply the load through the upper bearer at a rate not exceeding 6 500 N/m
47、in until failure occurs. 4.5.4 Recording of test results Record the maximum load of each tile to the nearest 10 N. When calculating the total load, include the weight of the packing pieces used on the top surface if they exceed 5 N. 4.5.5 Characteristic transverse strength Calculate to the nearest 1
48、0 N, the characteristic transverse strength: where FcF1,64sd= Sd CFiF()2 n1 - -= Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:23:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 491:1994 BSI 02-19995 Alternatively, compare the value Fi of each tile to the appropriate characteristic tran
49、sverse strength requirement in table 1 of EN 490:1994 and record the number of tiles with values less than the required value. 4.6 Impermeability 4.6.1 Conditioning Store the tile or valley tile to be tested at 15 C to 30 C, at a minimum of 40 % relative humidity for at least 20 h, in such a manner that air is free to circulate to all sides of each tile or valley tile. 4.6.2 Procedure Seal an impermeable frame on or around the tile or valley tile such that no more than 15 mm from the peri
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