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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 13793:2001 The
2、European Standard EN ISO 13793:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.120.10; 93.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Thermal performance of buildings Thermal design of foundations to avoid frost heave Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon No
3、v 20 03:07:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 May 2001 BSI 05-2001 ISBN 0 58
4、0 36063 6 BS EN ISO 13793:2001 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 13793:2001. It is identical with ISO 13793:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Commi
5、ttee B/540, Energy performance of materials, components and buildings, to Subcommittee B/540/1, European Standards for thermal insulation, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpret
6、ation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the
7、fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue
8、under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct ap
9、plication. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 48, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this
10、document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:07:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 13793 March 2001 ICS 91.020; 91.120.00 English version Thermal performance of buil
11、dings - Thermal design of foundations to avoid frost heave (ISO 13793:2001) Performance thermique des btiments - Conception thermique des fondations pour viter les pousses dues au gel (ISO 13793:2001) Wrmetechnisches Verhalten von Gebuden - Wrmetechnische Bemessung von Gebudegrndungen zur Vermeidung
12、 von Frosthebung (ISO 13793:2001) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 July 2000. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date
13、 lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the res
14、ponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Net
15、herlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reser
16、ved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13793:2001 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:07:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN ISO 13793:2001 Contentspage Foreword3 Introduction4 1Scope5 2Normative references5 3Definitions, symbols and units
17、6 4Design principles9 5Material properties10 6Climatic data11 7Foundation depth greater than frost depth in undisturbed ground12 8Slab-on-ground floors for heated buildings13 9Suspended floors for heated buildings21 10Unheated buildings26 Annex A (normative) Definition and calculation of freezing in
18、dex30 Annex B (normative) Numerical calculations34 Annex C (normative) Design data for slab-on-ground floors based on 0 C criterion38 Annex D (informative) Frost susceptibility of the ground41 Annex E (informative) Worked examples43 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to International Standard
19、s and corresponding European publications46 Annex ZB (informative) Informative references to International Standards and corresponding European publications47 Bibliography48 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:07:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN ISO 13793
20、:2001 Foreword The text of EN ISO 13793:2001 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components“, the secretariat of which is held by SIS, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 “Thermal insulation“. This European Standard shall
21、 be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2001. References to International Standards that have also been published as Eu
22、ropean Standards are given in normative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this European Standard. Annexes A, B and C form an integral part of ISO 13793. Annexes D and E are for information only. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the follo
23、wing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na
24、, Mon Nov 20 03:07:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN ISO 13793:2001 Introduction Frost heave is the deformation of a building due to ice lenses in the ground below it, which can occur when soil freezes under the foundations or other structural members in contact with the soil.
25、This is relevant to the design of building foundations in climates where the depth of penetration of frost into the ground may exceed the minimum foundation depth necessary for structural reasons. Not all types of soil are susceptible to frost heave (this is discussed in annex D). The risk of frost
26、heave can be avoided in various ways. One is to have foundations deep enough so as to be below the frost penetration depth. Thus, special design procedures for frost heave are not necessary for buildings with basements extending more than the frost penetration depth below ground level (except to ens
27、ure the use of suitable backfill material that will not adfreeze to the basement wall). Another possibility is to remove the frost-susceptible soil down to a depth below the frost penetration depth, and replace it with material that is non-susceptible to frost before constructing the foundations. A
28、third option is to insulate the foundations so as to avoid frost penetrating below the foundations. In cold climates the latter option is frequently the most economic as it allows shallower foundations, and this standard gives methods for determining the width, depth, thermal resistance and placemen
29、t of insulation in the foundation region in order to reduce the risk of frost heave to a negligible level. In unheated buildings the heat available from the building itself is less than with heated buildings, and more perimeter insulation is needed to protect the foundations. The procedures in this
30、standard are essentially those that have been used in the Nordic countries over many years, and have been found to be satisfactory in practice in preventing frost heave. They are based on the results of dynamic computer calculations, which took account of the annual temperature cycle, the heat capac
31、ity of the ground, the latent heat of freezing of water, etc., and which have been validated by experimental data from actual constructions. The standard is concerned with ensuring that the ground below the foundation (if frost-susceptible) does not become frozen. In permafrost areas (annual average
32、 temperature less than 0 C), the appropriate design may, by contrast, be based on maintaining the ground fully frozen for the whole year. That involves quite different solutions that are not considered in this standard. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:07:16 GMT+00:00 2006,
33、Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN ISO 13793:2001 1Scope This standard gives simplified procedures for the thermal design of building foundations so as to avoid the occurrence of frost heave. It applies to foundations on frost-susceptible ground, and includes buildings with both slab-on-ground flo
34、ors and suspended floors. It covers heated and unheated buildings, but other situations requiring frost protection (for example roads, water pipes in the ground) are not included. The standard is not applicable to cold stores and ice rinks. The standard applies in climates where the annual average a
35、ir temperature is above 0 C, but does not apply in permafrost areas where the annual average air temperature is below 0 C. 2Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the approp
36、riate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest editions of the publi
37、cation referred to applies (including amendments). ISO 6946Building components and building elements - Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance - Calculation method ISO 7345Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions ISO 10211-1Thermal bridges in building construction - Heat flows a
38、nd surface temperatures - Part 1: General calculation methods ISO 10456Building materials and products - Procedures for determining declared and design thermal values Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:07:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 6 EN ISO 13793:2001 3
39、Definitions, symbols and units 3.1Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions in ISO 7345 and the following apply. 3.1.1 slab on ground floor floor construction directly on the ground over its whole area 3.1.2 suspended floor floor construction in which the flo
40、or is held off the ground, resulting in an air void between the floor and the ground NOTE This air void, also called underfloor space or crawl space, may be ventilated or unventilated, and does not form part of the habitable space. 3.1.3 vertical edge insulation insulation placed vertically against
41、the foundation internally and/or externally, or within the foundation itself 3.1.4 ground insulation insulation placed horizontally (or nearly so) below ground, external to the building NOTE See Figure 1. 3.1.5 freezing index 24 times the sum of the difference between 0C and daily mean external air
42、temperature, accumulated on a daily basis over the freezing season (including both positive and negative differences) 3.1.6 freezing season period during which the mean daily external air temperature remains less than 0C, together with any freezing/thawing periods at either end of this period if the
43、y result in net freezing 3.1.7 frost depth depth of penetration of frost into the ground 3.1.8 foundation depth depth of foundation below the outside ground level NOTE If the foundations are put on a layer of well-drained material that is non-susceptible to frost, the thickness of such a layer may b
44、e included in the foundation depth. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:07:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 7 EN ISO 13793:2001 3.1.9 frost-susceptible soil soil of a type which may cause frost heave forces when frozen as part of the ground 3.1.10 floor insula
45、tion position height of lower surface of the floor insulation layer above external ground surface NOTE If there is no insulation in the floor this quantity is measured from the floor surface. 3.2Symbols and units The following is a list of the principal symbols used. Other symbols are defined where
46、they are used within the text. SymbolQuantityUnit Bwidth (smaller dimension) of buildingm bgwidth of ground insulation, measured from outer limit of footingm bgcwidth of ground insulation at cornerm bgwwidth of ground insulation along wallm Fddesign freezing indexKh Fnfreezing index which statistica
47、lly is exceeded once in a period of n yearsKh H0maximum frost depth in undisturbed, snow-free groundm Hffoundation depth for wallsm Hfcfoundation depth for cornersm Hvdepth of vertical edge insulationm hfloor insulation positionm Lclength of corner insulation (measured along external surface of wall
48、)m Rfthermal resistance of floor construction (average value over the outer 1 m of floor) mK/W Rvthermal resistance of vertical edge insulationmK/W Rgthermal resistance of ground insulationmK/W Rgcthermal resistance of ground insulation at cornermK/W Rgwthermal resistance of ground insulation along
49、wallmK/W ?eannual average external air temperatureC ?i,maverage internal air temperature in month mC Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:07:16 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 8 EN ISO 13793:2001 a) Lightweight concrete foundation wall with ground insulation b) Floor slab with edge beam c) Concrete foundation wall with ground insulation and internal vertical edge insulation d) Concrete foundation wall with external vertical edge insulation e) Raft construction with ground insulation and vertical edge insul
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