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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 3374:2000 ICS 59.1
2、00.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Reinforcement products Mats and fabrics Determination of mass per unit area Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepa
3、red under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 October 2000 BSI 10-1999 ISBN 0 580 36542 5 BS ISO 3374:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National forewor
4、d This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 3374:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/42, Fibre reinforced thermosetting plastics and prepegs, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to underst
5、and the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on th
6、is committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using th
7、e Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from l
8、egal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun,
9、 na, Mon Nov 27 02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 3374:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3374 Third edition 2000-06-15 Reinforcement products Mats and fabrics Determination of mass per unit area Renforts Mats et tissus Dtermination de la masse surfacique ou gr
10、ammage Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 3374:2000(E) ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 3374:2000(E) iii Contents Page Foreword.iv 1 Scope 1 2
11、Normative references1 3 Term and definition .1 4 Principle1 5 Apparatus.2 6 Test specimens2 7 Conditioning and test atmospheres 3 8 Procedure.5 9 Calculation and expression of results.5 10 Test report5 Annex A (informative) Precision and bias 6 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27
12、02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 3374:2000(E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO tech
13、nical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
14、 with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
15、the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held res
16、ponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 3374 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites and reinforcement fibres. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3374:1990), which has been technic
17、ally revised. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3374:2000(E) 1 Reinforcement products Mats and fabrics Determination of mass per unit ar
18、ea 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for determining the mass per unit area of mats (either chopped- strand mat or continuous-strand mat) or fabrics which may be manufactured with glass or carbon or aramid yarns. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain p
19、rovisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to invest
20、igate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 291:1997, Plastic
21、s Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. ISO 3344:1997, Reinforcement products Determination of moisture content. ISO 5725-1:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 1: General principles and definitions. ISO 5725-2:1994, Accuracy (trueness and prec
22、ision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method. 3 Term and definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following term and definition apply: 3.1 mass per unit area the ratio
23、 of the mass of a piece of mat or fabric of specified dimensions to the area NOTE This mass includes both the strands and any other material protecting or binding the strands or yarns. 4Principle The mass of a test specimen of known area is determined, and the mass per unit area calculated. Licensed
24、 Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 3374:2000(E) 2 5 Apparatus 5.1 Polished metal template, which yields a test specimen with ?a square shape of area 1 000 cm2for mats; ?a square or circular shape of area 100 cm2for fabrics. The perm
25、issible error in the area of the resulting specimens shall be 1 % or less. By agreement between the interested parties, a larger specimen may be used. In such cases, the shape and dimensions of the specimen shall be noted in the test report. 5.2 Suitable cutting tool, for example knife, scissors, cu
26、tting disc or punch. 5.3 Specimen holder, which provides optimum air circulation around the specimen, made from a heat-resistant material and such that there is no loss of the product under test. This may be a basket constructed from stainless- steel wire mesh. 5.4 Balance, having the following char
27、acteristics: Material Measuring capability Limit of permissible error Resolution Mats, all weights 0 to 150 g 0,5 g 0,1 g FabricsW200 g/m20 to 150 g 10 mg 1 mg Fabrics ? 200 g/m20 to 150 g 1 mg 0,1 mg In cases where larger specimens are taken (see 5.1), a balance shall be used that provides equivale
28、nt accuracy. 5.5 Apparatus to be used in cases when specimens must be dried: 5.5.1 Ventilated drying oven, with an air change rate of 20 to 50 times per hour, capable of maintaining a temperature of 105 C ? 3 C. 5.5.2 Desiccator, containing a suitable drying agent (for example silica gel, calcium ch
29、loride or phosphorus pentoxide). 5.5.3 Stainless-steel tongs, for handling the specimen and specimen holder. 6 Test specimens Unless otherwise agreed between the interested parties, the number of specimens taken from each roll or from the laboratory sample shall be for mats: three 1 000 cm2specimens
30、 per metre of width (in practice, normally one specimen for every 31,6 cm across the width of the mat); for fabrics: one 100 cm2specimen per 50 cm of width. In all cases, a minimum of two specimens shall be taken. Suggested methods for cutting specimens are shown in Figure 1 for mats and Figures 2 a
31、nd 3 for fabrics. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 3374:2000(E) 3 Note that for mats: ?specimens are taken in one row, generally side by side, ?the distance from the edge may be zero for trimmed mats, but the distance from
32、 any untrimmed edges shall be at least 10 cm; for fabrics: ?specimens are taken separately, preferably involving different weft yarns, ?the distance from the edge/selvedge shall be at least 5 cm. Special instructions shall be provided, as needed, to the operators to assure that the cutting procedure
33、 results in specimens areas which are within the tolerance range for this method. For mats narrower than 31,6 cm and fabrics narrower than 25 cm, the specimen type and dimensions shall be agreed between the purchaser and supplier. NOTE Some specifications may stipulate that the mass per unit area is
34、 based on a method using the whole roll as the test specimen. In that case, the mass of the roll is divided by the full area of the roll. The result obtained (in these specifications, usually called the “actual mean weight“) is not necessarily comparable with that obtained with the method described
35、in this International Standard. 7 Conditioning and test atmospheres Unless otherwise specified in the product specification or by the person ordering the test, no conditioning of the specimens is required. If conditioning is utilized, refer to ISO 291. Dimensions in centimetres Key 1 Direction of ma
36、t width 2 Discard Figure 1 Suggested method for cutting out mat specimens Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 3374:2000(E) 4 Dimensions in centimetres Key 1 Width of fabric 2 Warp direction a Instead of circular specimens, sq
37、uare specimens may be taken oriented either parallel to or diagonally across the yarns. Figure 2 Suggested method for cutting out fabric specimens (fabrics wider than 50 cm) Dimensions in centimetres Key 1 Warp direction Figure 3 Suggested method for cutting out fabric specimens (fabrics between 25
38、cm and 50 cm wide) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 3374:2000(E) 5 8 Procedure 8.1 Cut a strip at least 35 cm wide across the entire width of the mat or fabric as the laboratory sample. 8.2 Using the cutting tool (5.2) and
39、 template (5.1) and a clean work surface, cut the number of specimens specified in clause 6. If the test specimens have fibres that may be lost, utilize a holder (5.3) and, if necessary, fold the specimens, taking care to keep all strands or yarns. 8.3 Unless otherwise agreed between the interested
40、parties, dry the specimens in a ventilated oven (5.5.1) at 105 C ? 3 C for 1 h in cases when the mat or fabric contains more than 0,2 % moisture (or if the moisture content is unknown), then remove to a desiccator (5.5.2) and cool to room temperature. Upon removal from the desiccator, proceed to ste
41、p 8,4 immediately. 8.4 Weigh each test specimen and record the result, subtracting the tare if a specimen holder was used. The accuracy to which this mass is recorded shall correspond to the sensitivity of the balance (see 5.4). 9 Calculation and expression of results 9.1 For each specimen, calculat
42、e the mass per unit area ?A, in grams per square metre, using the equation ?A m A ?10 000 s where msis the mass, in grams, of the specimen; A is the area, in square centimetres, of the specimen. 9.2 Report the mass per unit area as the average value for all the specimens taken across the width of th
43、e mat or fabric. Give the result to the nearest 1 g/m2for mats and fabrics weighing 200 g/m2or more and to the nearest 0,1 g/m2 for fabrics lighter than 200 g/m2. Optionally, specifications or persons ordering the test may also require that the results for each individual specimen be reported, as su
44、ch data may yield information about the mass distribution across the material. 10 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) a reference to this International Standard; b) all details necessary for complete identification of the mat or fabric tested; c) the mass per unit
45、 area of the mat or fabric (optionally, or if required, the result for each individual specimen may also be reported); d) details of any operation not specified in this International Standard, as well as any information or details of any incident liable to have a bearing on the results (for instance
46、, the number of specimens used, whether or not preliminary drying of the specimens was necessary or whether specimens different from those specified were used); e) the date of the test. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:13:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 337
47、4:2000(E) 6 Annex A (informative) Precision and bias Table A.1 is based on a round robin conducted in 19991)in accordance with ISO 5725-1 and ISO 5725-2. It involved one carbon fabric, one aramid fabric, three glass fabrics and two glass mats tested by up to 11 laboratories. Individual test specimen
48、s were prepared at the laboratories which tested them from samples supplied from a central laboratory. Each test result was the average of two individual determinations for fabrics or three individual determinations for mats. Each laboratory obtained three test results for each material. CAUTION The
49、 explanation of r and R which follows is only intended to present a meaningful way of considering the approximate precision of this test method. The data in Table A.1 should not be applied to acceptance or rejection of materials, as these data apply only to the materials tested in the round robin and are unlikely to be rigorously representative of other lots, formulations, conditions, materials or laboratories. Definitions of r and R in Table A.1: If Vrand VRhave been calculated from a large enough body of data, and for test results that
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