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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 881:1997 Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) The European Standard EN 881:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 71.100.80 Licensed Cop
2、y: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 03:21:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 881:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effec
3、t on 15 October 1997 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CII/59 Draft for comment 92/57682 DC ISBN 0 580 28334 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committe
4、e CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Scientists British Association for Chemical Specialities British Compressed Gases Association British Lime Association British Water Chartered Institution of Water and Enviro
5、nmental Management Chemical Industries Association Department of the Environment (Drinking Water Inspectorate) Industrial Water Society Salt Manufacturers Association Water Companies Association Water Research Centre Water Services Association of England and Wales Amendments issued since publication
6、 Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 03:21:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 881:1997 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 8813 List of referencesInside back cover Licens
7、ed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 03:21:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 881:1997 ii BSI 10-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CII/59 and is the English language version of EN 881:1997 Chemicals used for treatment o
8、f water intended for human consumption Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). The United Kingdom did not support this standard at the CEN Enquiry stage and voted against its
9、acceptance at the Formal Vote stage. The principal UK objections were as follows: a) the first paragraph of 4.2 contains a requirement which is impossible to verify; b) there are no requirements in 4.2 for the purity of the product. In 6.4 there is a requirement to mark the “grade” of product on the
10、 container and/or delivery documentation. There is no requirement to mark the container or documentation with the “type” (see 4.4) but the BSI technical committee recommends that this information is always included. Additional information Article 8 of the Council of the European Community Directive
11、80/778/EEC relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption requires Member States to ensure that substances used in the preparation of drinking water do not cause any contravention of the maximum admissible concentrations prescribed in annex 1 to the Directive. This requirement is gi
12、ven effect in England and Wales by regulation 25 of the Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 1989 (similar provisions apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland). Regulation 25 makes provision for attaching conditions of use to chemicals which are authorized for use in public water supplies. Details
13、 of conditions of use are contained in the Secretary of States List of Approved Products published by the Drinking Water Inspectorate, Room B153, Romney House, 43 Marsham Street, London SW1P 3PY. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of Brit
14、ish Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference Publication referred toCorresponding British Standard EN 883:1997BS EN 883:1997 Chemicals used for treatment of water intended fo
15、r human consumption Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see
16、 copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 03:21:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 881 Febr
17、uary 1997 ICS 71.100.80 Descriptors: Potable water, water treatment, chemical compounds, chlorides, aluminium hydroxidechloridesulfate, description, physical properties, chemical properties, impurities, toxic substances, tests, labelling, storage, utilization English version Chemicals used for treat
18、ment of water intended for human consumption Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) Produits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leau destine la consommation humaine Chlorure daluminium, hydroxychlorure daluminium et hydroxychlorosul
19、fate daluminium (monomres) Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr den menschlichen Gebrauch Aluminiumchlorid, Aluminiumhydroxidchlorid und Aluminiumhydroxidchloridsulfat (monomer) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-01-18. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal
20、 Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. T
21、he European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are t
22、he national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komite
23、e fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 881:1997 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 03:21:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 881:1997 BSI 10-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has
24、 been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164, Water supply, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1997, and conflicting national sta
25、ndards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Ita
26、ly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Description3 3.1Identification3 3.2Commercial forms3 3.3Physical properties4 3.4Chemical properties4 4Purity criteria4 4.1General4 4
27、.2Composition of commercial product4 4.3Impurities and main by-products4 4.4Toxic substances5 5Test methods5 5.1Sampling5 5.2Analyses5 6Labelling Transportation Storage5 6.1Means of delivery5 6.2Risk and safety labelling in accordance with the EU-Directives6 6.3Transportation regulations and labelli
28、ng6 6.4Marking6 6.5Storage6 Annex A (informative) General information on aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric)7 A.1Origin7 A.2Use7 A.3Rules for safe handling and use7 A.4Emergency procedures7 Annex B (informative) Bibliography7 Table 1
29、Toxic substances5 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 03:21:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 881:1997 BSI 10-19993 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this sta
30、ndard: 1) this standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; 2) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or th
31、e characteristics of this product remain in force. 1 Scope This European Standard describes the characteristics and specifies the requirements of aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) used for treatment of water intended for human consu
32、mption and gives reference to the analytical methods. This European Standard does not apply to any polymeric form of these salts (see EN 883). It gives information for their use in water treatment. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions
33、from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amen
34、dment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 883, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate. prEN 1302, Chemicals used for treatment of
35、water intended for human consumption Aluminium based coagulants Analytical methods Purity classification. ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use Safety in sampling. ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling Vocabulary. ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use
36、Sampling techniques Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps. 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name a) Aluminium chloride. b) Aluminium chloride hydroxide. c) Aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate. 3.1.2 Synonym or common names a) Aluminium
37、chloride. b) Aluminium chloride hydroxide. c) Aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass a) 133,3. 3.1.4 Empirical formula a) AlCl3. b) Al(OH)aClb with (a + b) = 3 and a less than or equal to 1,05. c) Al(OH)aClb(SO4)c with (a + b + 2c) = 3 and a less than or equal to 1,05. 3
38、.1.5 Chemical formula Variable (see 3.1.4). 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number1) a) 7446-70-0. b1) a and b variable: 1327-41-9 with a less than or equal to 1,05. b2) a = 1, b = 2: 14215-15-7. c) a, b and c variable: 39290-78-3 with a less than or equal to 1,05. 3.1.7 EINECS reference2) a) 231-208-1. b1) 215-
39、477-2. b2) 238-071-7. c) 254-400-7. 3.2 Commercial forms Aluminium chloride in the form of hexahydrate is available as crystals. Liquid forms of aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are available as solutions or suspensions. 1) Chemica
40、l Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 03:21:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 881:1997 4 BSI 10-1999 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance Colourless to yellow. 3
41、.3.2 Density The density depends on the particular composition, especially the aluminium ion content, expressed as aluminium percent by mass of the product Al % (m/m). Typical values for solutions: a) aluminium chloride: 1,3 g/ml for 5,8 Al % (m/m); b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: 1,35 g/ml to 1,40
42、 g/ml for 9,5 Al % (m/m); c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 1,18 g/ml to 1,22 g/ml for 5,3 Al % (m/m); 1,18 g/ml for 4,2 Al % (m/m). 3.3.3 Solubility Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are fully miscible with water. NOTEDepend
43、ing on the particular product, dilute solutions can hydrolyse and form a precipitate. 3.3.4 Vapour pressure Not known. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa3) Not known. 3.3.6 Crystallization point Typical values for solutions: a) aluminium chloride: 20 C for 5,8 Al % (m/m); b) aluminium chloride hydroxide
44、: k 20 C for 9,5 Al % (m/m); 20 C for 12,4 Al % (m/m); c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 10 C to 15 C for 5,3 Al % (m/m); 5 C for 4,2 Al % (m/m). 3.3.7 Specific heat Not known. 3.3.8 Viscosity, dynamic Typical values for solutions at 20 C: a) aluminium chloride solution: 10 mPas for 5,8 Al %
45、(m/m); b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: 10 mPas to 50 mPas for 9,5 Al % (m/m); c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 3 mPas to 10 mPas for 5,3 % Al (m/m). 3.3.9 Critical temperature Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical prop
46、erties Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are acidic liquids which hydrolyse and form a precipitate of aluminium hydroxide when diluted beyond a particular level. Since aluminium compounds are amphoteric in nature, the solubility of
47、aluminium depends on the pH value. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General Limits have been given for impurities and toxic substances where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If a change in the production process or raw materials lea
48、ds to significant quantities of other impurities or by-products being present, this shall be notified to the user. 4.2 Composition of commercial product Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are the results of a complex manufacturing pr
49、ocess from producers and shall not be, in any case, the result of a mixture of available commercial products. The concentration of active matter is expressed in grams of aluminium per kilogram of product (g Al/kg). The content of water soluble aluminium varies. NOTETypical values can be between 42 g and 124 g of aluminium per kilogram of product. The commercial products vary in the proportions of chloride and sulfate ions. Their structure is monomeric to oligomeric. Basicity: The relative basicity of
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